• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D.Adams, a plant used for centuries in many African countries to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes, is of great pharmaceutical interest, yet there is limited scientific literature on its germination and growth. This research paper describes the effects of different commercial soils on the germination, growth, and chlorophyll content of A. africana. The germination parameters assessed included final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weights were some of the parameters used to assess A. africana growth. The FGP was low and did not vary significantly; the MGT was 7 ~ 10 days; and the GI was significantly higher in PPS soil at 4.61 ± 0.332 days. Aspilia africana plants in HS:PPS soil showed the best overall growth, producing the highest mean leaf number (18.00 ± 1.129), longest mean shoot length (202.43 ± 13.451 mm), and highest mean fresh and dry weights (7.08 ± 1.061 g and 0.629 ± 0.112 g, respectively). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves of A. africana under HS:PPS conditions suggested a higher photosynthetic potential of plants in this soil. The best growth performance of A. africana in the HS:PPS soil could be attributed to a higher amount of certain mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the HS:PPS soil compared to the other soil categories. It is unclear why the FGP of A. africana was low and we recommend an exclusive study to investigate this further.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Eggs are likely to be used in agriculture because they can provide enough nutrients for crop growth. Statistics show that a large number of eggs are lost due to breakage before reaching the final consumer. The purpose of this study was to make a natural liquid fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizers using broken eggs as a resource and to evaluate the efficiency of the formulated fertilizer. To make the liquid fertilizer, the broken eggs and distilled water were mixed at ratios of 6 : 4 and 4 : 6. Then, effective micro-organisms (EM) and sugar were added, and the mixture was fermented. The temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) increased gradually with the fermentation while the pH decreased. When evaluated following the seed germination index method of the compost, it was found that the fertilizer matured 10 days after the beginning of the experiment. The growth experiment was conducted with lettuce in which the fermented liquid fertilizer was compared with a commercial liquid fertilizer. The 6 : 4 treatment produced plants with the densest fresh shoot and roots weighing 41.6 and 4.6 g, respectively. The number of leaves (12.3 per plant) was also the highest for the 6 : 4 treatment. Soil analysis showed that the soil pH was improved, and the soil organic matter was increased in the fermented liquid fertilizer treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) belongs to one of the sedge family and pows well in summer. The aboveground part of chufa is mostly consisted of leaves and the underground part is mostly composed of a clump of fibrous root with tuber. At the seeding year, it does not reproductive development but produces a lot of tuber. It produced many tillers from the tuber and grows in clumps as a bunch type. The plant height of mature chufa was 73 to 75cm and it grown fully in the middle of July. The number of tillers were increased rapidly until the end of July and still increased slowly after August but it showed very poor growth. The final fresh weight and dry matter yield of aboveground part of chufa were 40.3 tou/ha and 12.1 tou/ha. respectively. The regrowth of aboveground part was vigorous in the early stage of growth after 1st cutting but it was decreased rapidly after the second cutting. In control plot, the number of tubers per a clump were 722 at final stage and their fresh and drymatter yields per m: were 4.2kg and 1.9kg, respectively. In experimental plots, the amount of tubers was decreased steadily according to delay of cutting date, but late cutting date was not affect the tuber formation severely because the tuber produced already early in August. The nutritive value of chufa in vegetative growth stage was good but it was decreased according to growing up. The contents of crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of aboveground part of chufa harvested finally were 6.1%, 51.5%, 39.8%, 33.2% and 39.4％, respectively. The contents of crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), dry matter digestibility(DMD) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of tubers of chufa were 6.1%, 81.5%, 39.8%, 33.2% and 39.4%, respectively and the content of oil was as high as 16.2%, especially.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2022

Silkworms are very sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, and unless it is a suitable temperature and humidity to grow, the productivity and quality of silkworms are greatly reduced. Therefore, it is very important to manage temperature and humidity for silkworm feeding facilities. In particular, it is essential to install heating facilities in Asian countries with distinct seasonal changes. During the feeding period, many farms manage the temperature and humidity of feeding facilities by installing and using electric heaters inside the facilities. However, it is very difficult to manage the room temperature stably by the heaters. In addition, unlike the temperature inside the facility, silkworms could undergo severe temperature changes as the inside of the rearing tray could not be warm enough. In this study, in order to improve the previous heating method, the new rearing method that directly heats the bottom of the rearing tray was developed. Compared to the previous room-heating system, the novel heater-installed tray (HIT) system significantly reduced the change in temperature during the experimental period. In addition, the number of days of silkworm growth up to harvest was shortened, which was effective in growth performance, and it was also found that silkworms grew more uniformly in HIT system than in previous system. Moreover, as the heater tubes were installed directly under the rearing tray, it quickly dried mulberry leaves and silkworm feces after feeding, and as a result, the environment in the tray was greatly improved with decrease the labor of breeder. In conclusion, these results suggest that the heater-installed rearing tray method greatly improves silkworm quality, increases weight of silkworms, and final profits compared to the previous room heating system with electric heaters.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find the role of participation in common activities and satisfaction with common space in a tentative housing adjustment framework for Swedish cohousing residents, applying the housing adjustment behavior model of Morris and Winter (1978, 1996). The data used for this research were a subset of data Choi and Paulsson (2011) surveyed from 12 Swedish cohousing units. Number of 216 cases whose age was 40 and over were selected and analyzed with Pearson correlations and hierarchical linear regressions by SPSS. The regression analyses included four main concepts as endogenous variables, which were participation in common activities, satisfaction with common space, overall life satisfaction, and intention to move out. The results showed that participation in common activities raised satisfaction with common space and overall life satisfaction but reduced intention to move out. Meanwhile, satisfaction with common space diminished intention to move out but did not impact overall life satisfaction. When overall life satisfaction was added to the final regression model, the direct impacts of security reasons, participation in common activities, and satisfaction with common space on intention to move out disappeared. It may be concluded that participation in common activities and satisfaction with common space acted as intervening variables in the tentative cohousing adjustment framework. Even though this study leaves further research on specifying the framework, it may be noteworthy as a first attempt that explains the flow of main concepts. This study may broaden the possibility of empirical studies to develop an analytical path model of housing adjustment for cohousing residents.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the final irrigation timing (FIT) before packaging for long-term transportation on growth, flowering, and crop quality of Phalaenopsis after simulated dark shipping (SDS). Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' plants grown in 11 cm-diameter plastic pots filled with potting media (sphagnum moss + bark or only sphagnum moss) were packaged in paper boxes for export at 3.5, 7, 10 days (FIT 3.5, 7,10; Experiment 1) and 4, 6, 8, 10 days (FIT 4, 6, 8, 10; Experiment 2) after the final irrigation and then stored in a growth chamber at 20 ± 1℃ and 70 ± 3% RH created for SDS. After 4 weeks, the plants were taken out and grown in a greenhouse at 23 ± 3℃ and 70 ± 5% RH, and crop characteristics were measured during cultivation. In Experiment 1, the survival rate of FIT 3.5 plants was lower than that of FIT 7 and FIT 10. There was no difference between treatments in days to first flower, the number of florets, and the elongation rate of flower stalks. In Experiment 2, the percentage of rotted leaves was lowest in FIT 6 when before forcing and at 12 weeks after forcing, and that of FIT 8 was similar to FIT 6 when before forcing, but slightly increased after 12 weeks. The percentage of rotted leaves of FIT 10 was highest and that of FIT 4 was also high. There was little difference in flowering characteristics among treatments. In conclusion, the FIT before packaging for long-term (4 weeks) transportation of potted Phalaenopsis 'V3' affected the leaf rot rather than the post-shipping growth and flowering. And it was considered appropriate to set the volumetric water content of the potting media just before packaging to about 30%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.896-907
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• 2024

Objective: The potential of aqueous extract of Christ's thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) leaves (SLAE) to reduce the negative impacts of heat stress on production performance and physiological traits was investigated in dual-purpose layers under subtropical farming. Methods: A total of 200, 25-week-old laying hens (Inshas strain) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including SLAE at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg, respectively. The average temperature-humidity index value was 26.69 during the experimental period. The SLAE contained saponin (0.045%), total flavonoid content of 17.9 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g and overall antioxidant capacity concentration of 17.9 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g. Results: The maximum final body weight (BW), BW gain, egg weight, number, and mass occurred at the level of SLAE7.5 inclusion. The egg quality was significantly higher in SLAE groups than in control, and overall, SLAE7.5 had the most favorable influence at 28 and 32 weeks. Liver and kidney function, as well as lipids profile, improved significantly by SLAE inclusion; the lowest concentrations of these parameters were in SLAE7.5 hens. Treatment with SLAE7.5 increased total antioxidant capacity and endogenous antioxidant enzymes compared to control, whereas no effect on superoxide dismutase was noticed. Conclusion: The addition of SLAE at 7.5 mL/kg diet improved egg laying performance and quality, metabolic profiles, and antioxidant status during hyperthermia conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 1997

This study was conducted to select useful medium material as a replacement for the rockwool in long term bag-culture of sweet pepper. The sole use of perlite and carbonized rice hull(CRH) as well as their mixture with various combinations were compared to the rockwool. The results are summarized as the followings : 1. Plant height and number of leaves did not significantly differ among media. However, in the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1), stem diameter was thicker; plant weight and root weight were heavier, and T/R ratio was lower. 2. Although fruit length and number of fruits did not significantly differ among media, the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1) provided longer fruit length, more fruits, heavier fruit weight, and greater yield. 3. Monthly yield was continuously increased from the first harvest in November to the harvest in May next year. The amount of increase in the fruit yield of the mixture of CRH(1) : Perlite(1) from the first harvest to the final harvest was significantly greater than the amount of increase of other media. 4. The amount of total nitrogen and phosphate was higher in mixture of CRH (1) : Perlite(1), while the amount of other elements did not significantly differ among mixtures.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem number on plant growth, fruit quality, and yield of sweet peppers grown in greenhouses under supplemental lighting in winter. The seedlings were transplanted at 3.2 plants·m^-2 on October 26, 2020, and started supplemental lighting with 32 high pressure sodium lamps for 16-hour photoperiod from December 1, 2020 to May 25, 2021. Stems were differently trained with 2 and 3 numbers after branching nodes were developed. In the final harvest, the plant height was significantly shorter in the 3 stem-plants than in the 2 stem-plants. The number of nodes per stem and the leaves per plant were increased in the 3 stem-plants than in the 2 stem-plants, while the leaf area was less affected. There were no significant differences in the dry mass of leaves, stems, and immature fruits between the 2 and 3 stem-plants. The fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight in the 3 stem-plants were decreased by 17% and 12% at 156 days after transplanting (DAT), and by 17% and 15% at 198 DAT compared to those in the 2 stem-plants, respectively. The marketable fruit rates were 93.6% and 95.4% in the 2 and 3 stem-plants, respectively. The total fruit yield in the 3 stem-plants was increased by 30.2% as compared to that in the 2 stem-plants. We concluded that the 3-stem-training cultivation positively affected the total fruit yield by sustaining adaptive vegetative growth of the plants. This result will help producers make useful decisions for increasing productivity of sweet peppers in greenhouses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 1987

Seven barley varieties were tested under three different vernalization durations for observing the effects of vernalization duration and different growth habit on shoot apex development and heading date. The final leaf number per main stem in 3 and 6 weeks vernalized seedlings did not vary among varieties, but ranged 7 to 14 leaves in non-vernalized seedlings. The winter types had more leaves than the spring types. Days for each leaf emergence in non-vernalization were retarded 1. 3 to 1. 5 days in comparison with 3 or 6 weeks vernalized seedlings. In general, the leaf emergence speed of spring types was faster than that of winter types. The VI stage whose double ridge formed, did not vary in 6 weeks vernalization, but spring (Gangbori & Dongbori 2) and facultative or winter types showed two conspicuous difference patterns. The differences of days to X stage were great among different vernalization duration and varieties; the stage of spring types was reached faster than that of winter types. The early varieties within the same growth habit were reached to X stage faster, and the time of flag leaf emergence showed the similar tendency to the differentiation of X stage. The time of the first rapid stem internode elongation became late as for incompletely vernalized seedlings. The time within the same vernalization duration became later in winter types than in spring types, and even within the same growth habit, the time of early varieties became faster than that of late varieties. The growth habit in especially non-vernalized seedlings had highly significant correlation coefficients with the times of leaf development speed, leaf number per main stem, the first rapid stem internode and young spike elongations, X stage, and flag leaf emergence. However, the relationship between growth habit and time of heading in the field was not close.