• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

The change in filamentous bacteria appearance was observed by adjusting factors such as organic and nurient concentration of feed wastewater and the aeration rate in the reactor. In case that COD:N:P and DO were 100:10:1 and 6.1 m1/1 respectively, the mean SVI was 122 ml/g and the filaments were developed normally in flocs. For the low DO con- dition, however, the SVI averaged 186 ml/g and the appearance of outgrowing filaments were more frequent. When the high organic was supplied into the reactor, the average SVI was 274 ml/g and the distinct filamentous bulking was observed. Meanwhile when COD:N:P was maintained at 100: 1 :0.5, the SVI was as low as 87 ml/g and the appearance of filaments were minimal and the size of flocs was small comparing other experimental conditions. For normal, low aeration and high organic concentration, predominant filaments in the early stage of experiments were commonly Type 021N,S. natans which were usually found in low DO condition. However, Type 041, Type 1851, Type 0961 became predominant as experiments extended. Meanwhile, in low nutrient condition, Type 0675, Type 1851, and Type 0961 were observed. The filamentous bacteria appearance for SVI< 150(ml/g), Type 0041, Type 0961 (usually low organic in feed wastewater) were predominantly observed and SVI > 150(ml/g), S. natans and Type 021N(usually low DO in aeration basin) was predominant.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

The handle of fabrics including tactility and sense of visuality are closely related to the factors governing the preferences of end-users. This study shows the change of mechanical properties, thermal properties and optical properties by comparing two fabrics which are woven with circular shaped filaments and with triangular ones. The fabric mechanical characteristics required for primary hand values were evaluated with the KES-FB system. The mechanical properties measured by KES-FB system shows that fabrics made of circular filaments are greater than those made of triangular ones. The thermal properties measured by KES-F7(Thermo Labo II) system shows that the values of the initial maximum value(qmax) and the thermal conductivity(λ) are higher in the fabric made of triangular shaped ones. When the light rays tall on a surface, the fabric made of triangular filaments shows more lustrous than circular ones.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.44-44
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• 2010

We study the effect of massive neutrinos on the evolution of the early mini-halos ($M\sim10^6h^{-1}M{\odot}at$ z~20) where the first stars may have formed. In the framework of the extended Press-Schechter formalism, we evaluate analytically the rates of merging of the mini-halos into zero-dimensional larger halos and one-dimensional mini-filaments. It is shown that the halo-to-filament merging rate increases with the neutrino mass fraction $f_v$ while the halo-to-halo merging rate decreases. Comparing the cases of $f_v$=0 and 0.10, the halo-to-filament merging rate for $f_v$=0.10 is 3 times larger than the other. The distribution of the epochs of the longest-axis collapse of these first filaments is also derived and found to reach a sharp maximum at z~8-9. Once the first mini-filaments form, they would provide bridges along which the matter and gas more rapidly accrete onto the constituent halos, causing the early formation of the first galaxies and rapid growth of their central blackholes. Furthermore, the longest axis collapse of these first mini-filaments would spur the supermassive blackholes to power the ultra-luminous high-z quasars.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.393-398
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• 2005

Codium fragile is commercially farmed in Korea by natural blooming zygote attachment. Experiments found optimum conditions for artificial seed production and nursery culture of C. fragile by asexual reproduction. Isolated utricles and medullary filaments were regenerated to erect thalli using both indoor and outdoor culture experiments. Under the indoor culture conditions, irradiance was an important factor to control the development of erect thalli. Formation of erect thallus from the isolated medullary filaments in the indoor culture was induced after 30 days under $20^{\circ}C$ and $60{\mu}mol/m^2/sec$. The detachment of isolated utricles and medullary filaments from the substrates of seed strings was reduced by exposure to the air during 2 hrs before the indoor culture of seed strings. The maximum growth and development of erect thalli in the nursery culture was induced at a water depth of 0.5 m. Depending on the substrates of the seed strings the growth of erect thalli was not significantly different (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2007

X-ray diffraction studies have been made to investigate the effects of binding of ADP, ADP+Vi, ADP+AIF4, $ADP+BeF_3$ on the structure of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle in the rigor state. Although these phosphate analogs are known to bind actively cycling myosin heads, it is not clear whether they can bind to the attached heads in the rigor muscle. We have found that these analogs can bind to the myosin heads attached to actin filaments in the rigor state. The present results indicate that (1) bound myosin heads altered their conformation in the proximal end toward the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis when MgADP bound to them, and (2) myosin heads were dissociated substantially (up to 50%) from actin filaments but still remained in the vicinity of actin filaments when MgADP and metallofluorides (AIF4 and BeF3) or vanadate bound to them. We detected new conformations of myosin heads attached to actin filaments when they had MgADP or ADP.Pi analogs. We report here these findings on the effects of MgADP and MgADP+phosphate analogs to the rigor crossbridges.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

In the present study, a mechanical model is applied to account the effects of the surrounding viscoelastic media on the buckling behavior of single microfilament within the cell. The model immeasurably associates filament's bending rigidity, neighboring system elasticity, and cytosol viscosity with buckling wavelengths, buckling growth rates and buckling amplitudes of the filament. Cytoskeleton components in living cell bear large compressive force and are responsible in maintaining the cell shape. Actually these filaments are surrounded by viscoelastic media consisting of other filaments network and viscous cytosole within the cell. This surrounding, viscoelastic media affects the buckling behavior of these filaments when external force is applied on these filaments. The obtained results, indicate that the coupling of viscoelastic media with the viscous cytosol greatly affect the buckling behavior of microfilament. The buckling forces increased with the increase in the intensity of surrounding viscoelastic media.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.513-524
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• 2015

In this study, the effects of the angles of spacer filaments and the different feed Reynolds number on the fluid flow behavior have been investigated. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study is carried out for fluid flow through rectangular channels within different angles ($30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $70^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, respectively) between two filaments of spacer for membrane modules. The results show that the feed Reynolds number and the angles of spacer filaments have an important influence on pressure drop. While the feed Reynolds number is fixed, the optimal angle of spacer should be between $80^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$, because the pressure drop is not only relatively small, but also high flow rate region expanded significantly with the increase of the angles between $80^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$.The Contours of velocities and change of the average shear stress with the different angle of spacer filaments confirm the conclusion.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.569-576
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• 1999

In this study, the effect of the microstructural evolution on the electrical of Cu-Ag microcomposite was investigated. The nature of interfaces between silver filaments and Cu matrix may have pronounced effects on the physical properties of Cu-Ag filamentary microcomposites, little is known about these interfaces. In heavily drawn Cu-Ag filamentary microcomposities, the microstructure is too fine and the interfacial area is too large to maintsin a stable internal dislocation structure because of closely spaced filaments. Rather, most dislocations are thought to be gradually absorbed at the interfaces as the draw ratio increases. The mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Ag filamentary microcomposites wires were also examined and correlated with the microstructural change caused by thermomechanical treatments. The study on the electrical conductivity combined to resistivity in Cu-Ag filamentary microcomposites and the rapid increase of the electrical conductivity at high annealing temperatures is mainly caused by the dissolution and coarsening of silver filaments. The relatively low ratio of the resistivities is mainly caused by the dissolution and coarsening of silver filaments. The relatively low ratio of the resistivities at 295K($\rho$\ulcorner/$\rho$\ulcorner) in as-drawn Cu-Ag microcomposites can also be explained by the contribution of the interface scattering.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2021

The crustose brown algal genus Endoplura has been known as a monotypic genus characterized by its intercalary plurangial reproductive structures composed of 2-4 separate parallel filaments terminated by 2-5 sterile cells and by containing several to many chloroplasts per cell. In this study, Endoplura jejuensis sp. nov. and E. koreana sp. nov. from Korea are newly described based on molecular and morphological analyses. Our phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL gene reveal that E. jejuensis sp. nov. and E. koreana sp. nov. are placed in the same clade with "E. aurea" from Japan with a strong bootstrap supporting value. E. jejuensis is characterized by small and light to dark brown crustose thalli of less than 1 cm diameter, tufts of hairs arising from the basal disc, plurangia composed mostly of two separate parallel reproductive filaments terminated by 2-4 sterile cells, and sessile unangia each with a single paraphysis. E. koreana is distinguished by olive or yellowish-brown crustose thalli of up to 3 cm diameter, tufts of hairs arising from the basal disc, and apical parts of erect filaments, plurangia with 2-5 separate reproductive filaments terminated by 2-8 sterile cells, and sessile unangia with 1-2 paraphyses. Our studies also show that "E. aurea" specimens from Japan may be recognized to be a different species from other Endoplura species.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.69.3-70
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• 2021

We present the chemical properties of star-forming dwarf galaxies (SFDGs) in five filamentary structures (Leo II A, Leo II B, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, and Virgo III) around the Virgo cluster using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopic data and Galaxy Evolution Explorer ultraviolet photometric data. We investigate the relationship between stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of SFDGs in the Virgo filaments in comparison to those in the Virgo cluster and field. We find that, at a given stellar mass, SFDGs in the Virgo filaments show lower metallicity and higher sSFR than those in the Virgo cluster on average. We observe that SFDGs in the Virgo III filament show enhanced metallicities and suppressed star formation activities comparable to those in the Virgo cluster, whereas SFDGs in the other four filaments exhibit similar properties to the field counterparts. Moreover, about half of the galaxies in the Virgo III filament are found to be morphologically transitional dwarf galaxies that are supposed to be on the way to transforming into quiescent dwarf early-type galaxies. Based on the analysis of the galaxy perturbation parameter, we propose that the local environment represented by the galaxy interactions might be responsible for the contrasting features in "chemical pre-processing" found in the Virgo filaments.