• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2018

Correlation among different factors must be considered for selection of influencing factors in safety monitoring of high dam including positive correlation of variables. Therefore, a new factor selection method was constructed based on Copula entropy and mutual information theory, which was deduced and optimized. Considering the small sample size in high dam monitoring and distribution of daily monitoring samples, a computing method that avoids causality of structure as much as possible is needed. The two-dimensional normal information diffusion and fuzzy reasoning of pattern recognition field are based on the weight theory, which avoids complicated causes of the studying structure. Hence, it is used to dam safety monitoring field and simplified, which increases sample information appropriately. Next, a complete system integrating high dam monitoring and uncertainty prediction method was established by combining Copula entropy theory and information diffusion theory. Finally, the proposed method was applied in seepage monitoring of Nuozhadu clay core-wall rockfill dam. Its selection of influencing factors and processing of sample data were compared with different models. Results demonstrated that the proposed method increases the prediction accuracy to some extent.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2004

In this study, parameter optimization of micro-static mixer with a cantilever beam was accomplished for maximizing the mixing efficiency by using successive response surface approximations. Variables were chosen as the length of cantilever beam and the angle between horizontal and the cantilever beam. Sequential approximate optimization method was used to deal with both highly nonlinear and non-smooth characteristics of flow field in a micro-static mixer. Shape optimization problem of a micro-static mixer can be divided into a series of simple subproblems. Approximation to solve the subproblems was performed by response surface approximation, which does not require the sensitivity analysis. To verify the reliability of approximated objective function and the accuracy of it, ANOVA analysis and variables selection method were implemented, respectively. It was verified that successive response surface approximation worked very well and the mixing efficiency was improved very much comparing with the initial shape of a micro-static mixer.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-93
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• 2019

Finite element simulations of solid mechanics problems often involve the use of Non-Confirming Meshes (NCM) to increase accuracy in capturing nonlinear behavior, including damage and plasticity, in part of a solid domain without an undue increase in computational costs. In the presence of material nonlinearity and plasticity, higher-order variables are often needed to capture nonlinear behavior and material history on non-conforming interfaces. The most popular formulations for coupling non-conforming meshes are dual methods that involve the interpolation of a traction field on the interface. These methods are subject to the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi (LBB) stability condition, and are therefore limited in their implementation with the higher-order elements needed to capture nonlinear material behavior. Alternatively, the enriched discontinuous Galerkin approach (EDGA) (Haikal and Hjelmstad 2010) is a primal method that provides higher order kinematic fields on the interface, and in which interface tractions are computed from local finite element estimates, therefore facilitating its implementation with nonlinear material models. The inclusion of higher-order interface variables, however, presents the issue of preserving material history at integration points when a increase in integration order is needed. In this study, the enriched discontinuous Galerkin approach (EDGA) is extended to the case of small-deformation plasticity. An interface-driven Gauss-Kronrod integration rule is proposed to enable adaptive enrichment on the interface while preserving history-dependent material data at existing integration points. The method is implemented using classical J2 plasticity theory as well as the pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager material model. We show that an efficient treatment of interface variables can improve algorithmic performance and provide a consistent approach for coupling non-conforming meshes in inelasticity.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2015

Traffic noise estimation models are useful in evaluation of the noise pollution in current circumstances. They are helpful tools for design and planning new roads and highways. Measurement of average traffic noise level is possible when traffic speed and volume are known. The objective of this study was to devise a model for prediction of highway traffic noise levels based on current traffic variables in Iran. The design of this model was to take the impact of traffic congestion into consideration and to be field tested. This study is a library research augmented by field study conducted on Saeedi Highway located south west of Tehran. The period for the field study lasted 5 days from 7-12 February, 2013. This study examined liner and non-liner methods in formulation of its model. Liner method without a fixed coefficient was the best fit for the intended model. The proposed model can serve as a decision making tool to estimate the impact of key influential factors on sound pressure levels in urban areas in Iran.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07b
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• pp.687-689
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• 2001

In this study, BIEM(Boundary Integral Equation Method) using Green's function is applied in order to analyze 3D electric field precisely. The algorithm is developed with equivalent electric surface charge as a variable, which promises less unknown variables and higher accuracy of electric field analysis. The validity of the developed program is varified by applying it to a coaxial cylinder mode and 3-phase GIS model.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.117-123
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• 2018

Recently, aqueous method has attracted lots of attention because it enables the solution-processed metal oxide thin film with high electrical properties in low temperature fabrication condition to various flexible devices. Focusing the development of aqueous route, many researchers are only focused on metal oxide materials. However, for expansive application of the aqueous-based metal oxide films, the systematic study of performance change with process variables for the development of aqueous-based metal oxide insulator film is urgently required. Here, we propose importance of process variables to achieve high electrical-performance metal oxide insulator based on the aqueous method. We found that the significant process variables including precursor solution temperature and humidity during the spincoating process strongly affect chemical, physical, and electrical properties of $AlO_x$ insulators. Through the optimization of significant variables in process, an $AlO_x$ insulator with a leakage current value approximately $10^5$ times smaller and a breakdown voltage value approximately 2-3 times greater than un-optimized $AlO_x$ was realized. Finally, by introducing the optimized $AlO_x$ insulators to solutionprocessed $InO_x$ TFTs, we successfully achieved $InO_x/AlO_x$ TFTs with remarkably high average field-effect mobility of ${\sim}52cm^2V^{-1}\;s^{-1}$ and on/off current ratio of 106 at fabrication temperature of $250^{\circ}C$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2023

This study aims to establish the correlations between variables related to a slope during rainfall and factor of safety (FOS) and displacement using a coupling analysis method that is designed to consider both in rainfall conditions. With the recent development of measurement technologies, the approach of using the measurement data in the field has become easier. Particularly, they have been obtained in tests to determine the real-time safety and movement of a slope; however, a specific method has not been finalized. In addition, collected measurement data for recognizing the FOS and displacement in real-time with a specific relevance is difficult, and risks of uncertainty, such as in soil parameters and time, exist. In this study, the correlations between various slope-related variables (i.e., rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, angle of the slope, and mechanical properties including strength parameters of selected three types of soil; loamy sand, silt loam, sand) and the FOS and displacement are analyzed in order of seepage analysis, slope stability analysis and slope displacement analysis. Moreover, the methodology of coupling analysis is verified and a fundamental understanding of the factors that need to be considered in real-time observations is gained. The results show that the contributions of the abovementioned variables vary according to the soil type. Thus, the tendency of the displacement also differs by the soil type and variables but not same tendency with FOS. The friction angle and cohesion are negative while the rainfall duration and rainfall intensity are positive with the displacement. This suggests that understanding their correlations is necessary to determine the safety of a slope in real-time using displacement data. Additionally, databases considering rainfall conditions and a wide range of soil characteristics, including hydraulic and mechanical parameters, should be accumulated.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2023

Objective: The horizontal bar of gymnastics is fundamentally based on rotational movements. This study aimed to determine the effect of kinematics variables and sequence during horizontal bar performance (Kovacs, Tkatchev Stretched & Kolman) in gymnastic. Method: Four gymnastics athletes of the national team were participated in this study. All subjects were asked to perform the three types of horizontal bar skill. Simi marker-less cameras were used to collect the raw data (120 Hz). Kinematic variables (total time, interval, center of mass, height, angular velocity etc.) and sequence variables were calculated to examine the differences. Results: As a result, horizontal bar performance in gymnastic has special sequence that making the peak angular velocity from distal joint to proximal joint (knee-hip-shoulder). It is rare sequence that typical sport does not have. Conclusion: In field, gymnastic coaches and players should know the result that there is special sequence in horizontal bar performance. It could be very useful to teach and enhance their performance.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.164-169
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• 2009

Study on swimming of microorganisms like, sperm motility, cilia beating, bacterial flagellar propulsion has found immense significance in the field of biological fluiddynamics. Because of the complexity involved, it is challenging for the researchers to model such problems. Immersed boundary method has proved its efficacy in the field of biological fluiddynamics, The present work aims at performing a numerical study on the microorganism locomotion using the immersed boundary method proposed by Peskin[1]. A two-dimensional model of the microorganism is modeled as thin elastic filament described as a sine wave. The neutrally buoyant organism undergoing deformations is immersed in a viscous and incompressible fluid. The fluid quantities are described using Eulerian coordinates and the immersed body is represented by Lagrangian coordinates. The Eulerian and Lagrangian variables are connected by the Dirac delta function. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the fractional step method on a staggered Cartesian grid system. The developed numerical code in FORTRAN will be validated by comparing the numerical results with the available results.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.245-255
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the degree of rice farmers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), (2) to determine the related variables for decisions on pest control, and (3) to indicate desirable direction for IPM farmers' field training. The study was carried out through a questionnaire method and sane interviewing survey of 300 rice farmers by the IPM trainers who participated in IPM training in 1994 or 1995. The data were collected from 268 respondents to the questionnaire consisted of KAP and related variables. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. The KAP score of the farmers concerning IPM were 71 for knowledge, 76.2 for attitude and 74 for practice on average. 2. The KAP score was higher for farmers cultivating larger land size and for those with more participation in IPM training. Also the KAP was higher for the members of the Rural Leaders Association and Future Farmers Association than any other groups. 3. The IPM farmers had strong positive attitudes towards the resistant rice varieties. However, the practical pest control rate of the IPM farmers was low for conservation of natural enemies, timely control following occurrence and plant compensation what few pest were presence in the paddy field. 4. The KAP Score on the economic threshold level and safe pesticide use was relatively low for elder farmers and for those with lower educational background. Most farmers preferred calendar spraying methods for preventive pest control to any other method of pest control. Knowledge was relatively low on pesticide and environmental contamination. 5. Decision making on pest control depends on the extension officer and rural leader's opinion. The survey method for pest occurrence by directly counting pest in the field was only 22.9% among the farmers of this study. 6. Most farmers used pesticide for preventive pest occurrence even when pest didn't occur in their field. The average number of pesticide applications per cropping season in rice field was 3.7 times, and the number of mixed pesticides per application was 4.3 kinds of pesticides. Also 6 recommendations were made in this study for improvement of IPM farmer's training.