• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.509-514
• /
• 1993

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fiber levels on milk production of crossbred Holstein milking cows fed urea-treated rice straw (UTS) as a roughage. Eight cows were allotted into 2 squares of 4 cows each with 4 treatments by a balanced design. The treatments were 17%, 22%, and 24% crude fiber (CF) diets and Thai feeding system (free choice of roughage and 1 kg of concentrates/2 kg of milk) as a control. Body weight change was not significantly different among the treatments during the experiment. Milk production (4% FCM) and milk protein content wee not different among the treatments, but milk fat content was low in the 17% CF group and high in the control group. Cows fed the 17% CF diet consumed less UTS and more concentrates than the others, and consequently total DM intake was not different among the treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the control. Feed cost per kg milk was lowest in the control and highest in the 17% CF diet. The fiber content of the diet would be more than 17%, preferably 22-24% for normally producing Thai crossbred Holstein cows when the UTS was fed as a main roughage source.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.751-769
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chitosan and NOCC from different sources and of different molecular weights on cadmium toxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were blocked into 26 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 4 weeks. Cadmium chloride was given at the level of 0 or 400 ppm in diet. Various forms of chitosan and NOCC were given at the level of 0 or 4%(w/w) of diet. Cd toxicity was alleviated by various chitosan and NOCC supplements. However, the alleviating effects were different with fiber source(crab and shrimp), type(chitosan and NOCC), and molecular weight (low, medium, and high). Molecular weight had no significant effect. Compared with shrimp-source-fiber-fed groups, crab-source-fiber-fed groups showed lower Cd concentrations in blood and kidney, lower kidney metallothionein concentration, and lower liver and kidney MT-Cd contents. Compared with NOCC -fed groups, chitosan-fed groups showed lower intestine and liver Cd concentrations, lower liver and kidney MT concentrations and MT-Cd content, and higher fecal Cd excretion. Among cadmium-exposed group, low molecular weight shrimp chitosan group showed low Cd concentrations of liver and kidney, high fecal Cd excretions, and the lowest intestine and liver MT concentrations and liver MT-Cd content. In summary, a crab source fiber was more effective than shrimp source fiber, chitosan was more effective than NOCC, and the most effective one in alleviating Cd toxicity was low molecular weight shrimp chitosan.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.146-149
• /
• 2006

We developed new FED cathode film material that has catalysis function for graphite nano fiber. Using the cathode film with catalyst, we can simplify the FED process. It is composed of Cr, Fe-Ni catalyst. Fabricating FED panel with the film, we confirmed good emission performance of the panel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.843-847
• /
• 1995

To evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on the protein utilization, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diet containing 15% or 30% of pectin and 15% or 30% ${\alpha}-cellulose$. Control group was fed fiber free diet. The animals were fed and libitum for 5 weeks. Weight gain was less in the rat fed a pectin supplemented diet than those fed ${\alpha}-cellulose$ supplemented or control diet. Furthermore, weight gain decreased more by the addition of 30% pectin than 15% pectin level. The rats fed ${\alpha}-cellulose$ or pectin shwoed a decreasing tendency of food efficiency ratio compared to the control group. The rats fed a diet containing pectin showed an increasing tendency of the liver weight compared to the control group and those fed cellulose. The rats fed a diet containing pectin showed a decreasing tendency of hepatic protein content compared to those fed cellulose or control group fed fiber free diet. The rats fed diet containing pectin(15%, 30%) showed remarkable decreased activity of liver xanthine oxidase compared with those fed ${\alpha}-cellulose$ or the control group. These results suggested that the pectin may be alter the absorption of protein in intestinal lumen.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.366-374
• /
• 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, fecal score, and fecal microbial shedding in weaning pigs fed diets with different levels of fiber and protein. A total of 96 weaning piglets ($7.41{\pm}0.71kg$) were used in a 5-week trial. Pigs were allotted to dietary treatments based on initial body weight in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with the following factors: dietary fiber (100 and 200 g/kg, respectively, during days 0 to 14; 175 and 300 g/kg, respectively, during days 14 to 35) and dietary protein (170 or 200 g/kg). There were 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. On day 14, pigs fed high protein or high fiber diets had heavier body weight (p < 0.05). During days 0 to 14, pigs fed high protein or high fiber diets grew faster (p < 0.05). Additionally, during days 14 to 35, an interactive effect of fiber and protein was found (p < 0.05) on average daily gain. The different levels of protein and fiber in diet did not affect the pigs' fecal scores (p > 0.05). However, feces from the high fiber group showed lower concentration of Escherichia coli (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that a high protein diet improves the growth of weaning pigs especially during the first two weeks. Moreover, the increments in fiber level, even in the high protein diet, favorably decreased the number of E. coli.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.370-375
• /
• 2014

Cladosiphon okamuranus is edible brown algae cultured commercially and massively at Okinawa coast. Dietary fiber occupying most of C. okamuranus isn't digested and absorbed by digestive enzymes of human. But it is known to prevent and treat constipation as metabolic disease. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber extracted from C. okamuranus on the damage of liver and the blood cholesterol level in the high fat diet-fed rats. The effects were measured by the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in sera. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and LDL were significantly reduced in the C. okamuranus-treated group compared with the high fat diet group. But HDL level was markedly increased. The results showed that the dietary fiber extracts from C. okamuranus have the inhibitive effects of cholesterol biosynthesis in the high fat diet-fed rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.965-971
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of different maternal nutrition treatments during pregnancy on body weight, muscle fiber number, carcass traits, and pork quality traits of offspring. A total of 18 crossbred sows (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional treatment groups; control, high energy, and high protein. The control group was fed a standard diet, the high energy group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased metabolizable energy, and the high protein group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased limiting amino acids compared to the control. The sows in each group were fed equal quantities of each diet (1.9 kg/d) for the entire gestational period. A total of 36 piglets from each sow were used to evaluate changes in body weight, muscle fiber number in the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth, carcass traits, and pork quality traits. Birth weight of offspring born to sows in the high energy diet group was significantly higher compared to the high protein diet group (p<0.05). However, body weight of offspring after birth was not significantly different between the groups. Muscle fiber number for the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth was not significantly different between the groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in carcass traits or pork quality traits between offspring born to sows in the control group and those born to sows that received high energy or high protein diets during pregnancy. Based on these results, it appears that maternal nutrition treatment during pregnancy, regardless of whether it is with high energy or high protein diets, does not have a significant effect on body weight, muscle fiber number at birth, carcass traits, or pork quality traits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.116-122
• /
• 1997

Rats were adapted to diets containing 10% cellulose,10% sodium alginate and fiber-free diet for 5 weeks. Following a 14 hour fasting, rats were fed 5g of a test meal that provided 50% energy from fat, then killed at 4 hour postprandially. Plasma and lipoprotein fraction-cholesterol levels were lower in sodium alginate-fed animals than in rats fed other diets. Plasma TG did not differ among diet treatments. Increase in TG content of HDL fraction occurred in dietary fiber groups. Intestinal apolipoprotein B level and lipase activity were lower in sodium alginate-fed group than in other dietary groups. These results suggest that chronic consumption of sodium alginate affects plasma cholesterol level as in the case of fiber supplemetation, but is less likely to modify the acute Plasma TG response to high fat meal than if a fiber supplement is incorporated into the meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.721-728
• /
• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the differences in the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and indispensable amino acids (IAA) in high-fiber diets with wheat middlings, rice bran or alfalfa meal fed to Duroc${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) (DLY) and Duroc${\times}$ (Berkshire${\times}$Jiaxing) (DBJ) growing barrows. Methods: Eighteen DLY and 18 DBJ growing barrows were randomly allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement involving 2 crossbreeds and 3 high-fiber diets. The experiment lasted 15 d with 10 d for diets adaptation, 3 d for feces collection and 2 d for digesta collection. Three diets were based on corn and soybean meal with 25% wheat middlings, rice bran and alfalfa meal respectively. Results: DBJ had a greater (p<0.05) AID of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine and valine and a lower (p<0.05) AID of methionine than DLY. The hindgut disappearance of acid detergent fiber for DBJ was greater (p<0.05) than DLY. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in wheat middlings diet were greater (p<0.05) than in rice bran and alfalfa meal diets. The hindgut disappearance of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in wheat middlings diet or rice bran diet were the highest or lowest (p<0.05), and those of alfalfa meal diet were the middle. Barrows fed rice bran diet had a greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter and lower hindgut disappearance of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than barrows fed alfalfa meal diet Conclusion: DBJ growing barrows showed a significant higher digestibility of fiber in the hindgut and most IAA in the small intestine compared with DLY barrows. The digestibilities of chemical constituents and IAA were affected by the diets formulated with different fiber sources.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.934-942
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers on the serum lipid level and bowel function in aged rats. Fiber sources of experimental diets were made from mugwort(M), butterbur(B), apple(A), sea mustard(S) by drying and milling. Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet at the level of 5, 15% of diet. Sprague-Dawley strain, 13 month old male rats were divided into 9 groups by randomized complete block design : C, M5, B5, A5, S5, M15, B15, A15, S15. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Control group showed lower food intake compare to the other groups. There were no significant difference between 5% groups and 15% groups in food intake. Fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content of control group were significantly lower than those of experimental groups, and fecal water content was increased by increasing level of dietary fibber. Apple group showed the lowest values, sea mustard group showed the highest. The shorter transit time was observed in the group of higher intake of dietary fiber. At the same level of dietary fiber, transit time of sea mustard group was shorter than the other groups. With increasing age, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol were increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased. Fiber fed groups showed lower serum TG, TC and higher HDL-c level compare to the control group. Absorption rates of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was tend to be lower in the group fed dietary fiber sources than control group. Mucosa weight and maltase activity in the small intestine were decreased by increasing age. As intake of dietary fiber increaed, mucosa weight in the small intestine was not different but maltase activity was decreased.