• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.767-773
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• 1994

The dietary fiber intakes of Korean were estimated based on the data from the National Nutrition Survey in 1989. From the data, 566 foods which contain dietary fiber were selected.The intake estimation was done based on these foods. Results were summarized as followed ; Mean DF intake of nationwide population was 17.53g/day and most of these were come from vegetables. Mean DF intake of rural population was slightly lower than that of urban's. Major sources of DF were vegetables, cereals & grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi & mushrooms and legumens & their products in order. Vegetables were the major sources of DF which occupied 32.4% of total intake. Among them, kimchi and red pepper were the representative sources. Among cereals & grain products, rice was found to be the most important DF source occupying 12.2% of total DF. And fried noodle, loaf bread and barley were followed. Sea mustard among seaweeds, apples and persimmons among fruits, oyster mushroom and mushroom among fungi & mushrooms and soybean sprout among legumes & their products were favorable sources of DF. 653 households out of 1, 925(33.9%) were consummed 10~15g of DF per day.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to assess seasonal variation of feed utilization by feed sources and to obtain information on the use of feed resources by comparing seasonal changes of dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in spotted deer (Cervus nippon) fed forest by-product silage (FBS) and corn silage (CS). Dry matter intake (DMI) of FBS was higher than that of CS in both winter and summer. While DMI of both diets was higher in summer, this was not significant at the 5% level. In contrast to DMI, digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) was higher for CS than for FBS in both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was significantly higher (p<0.01) for CS than for FBS, whereas digestibility of crude fiber was significantly higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS in both seasons. Seasonal digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber for FBS was significantly greater (p<0.01) in summer than in winter: In summer, seasonal digestibility was 57.2% for dry matter and 55.5% for crude fiber, and in winter, 50.8% for dry matter and 30.7% for crude fiber. On the other hand, seasonal digestibility of crude protein was higher (p<0.01) in winter (42.1%) than in summer (32.3%). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the two seasons and diets for nitrogen intake (NI), 18.7 g/d in summer and 19.4 g/d in winter for FBS, 17.7 g/d in summer and 17.7 g/d in winter for CS. Fecal nitrogen was higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS and varied little seasonally. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between two seasons in urinary nitrogen, which was little difference between two diets. Retained nitrogen (RN) was different significantly (p<0.01) between two diets in both seasons, but there was little difference between seasons. Deer usually spent longer time on eating FBS than eating CS. Eating FBS took 221 min in summer and 187 min in winter, whereas eating CS took 113 min in summer and 109 min in winter. Deer spent less time on eating food in winter than in summer. Time spent on rumination was longer for FBS than for CS: for FBS, 504 min in summer and 456 min in winter, for CS, 423 min in summer and 279 min in winter. Time varied seasonally with both diets.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1999

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cholesterol and fiber on liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed diet containing three levels(0%, 5% and 10%) of cellulose and pec-tin respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding period. Net weight gain and feed ef-ficiency ratio were increased in 10% fiber groups as compared to those of 5% fiber groups. Feed intake did not show significancy by fiber kinds and levels. Liver and kidney weights tended to be decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Heart weight was lowered in 10% fiber groups as compared to that of 5% fi-ber groups. Liver triglyceride concentration was significantly increased in pectin groups. Total-free-cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in liver were significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiver. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased in 5% cellulose group. the results indicate that 10% pectin may have beneficial roles in hypercholester-olemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1719-1724
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content in total mixed ration (TMR) on dry matter intake, digestibility, and chewing activity in fattening Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) heifers. The experiment was designed as a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square using 12 heifers. Fattening heifers were offered one of three diets [high (T1), medium (T2), and low (T3) peNDF] obtained by different mixing times (3, 10, and 25 min) for the same TMR feed. The peNDF content of TMR was determined by multiplying the proportion of dry matter retained by a 1.18 mm-screen in a Penn State Particle Separator by the dietary NDF content. The $peNDF_{1.18}$ content was 30.36%, 29.20%, and 27.50% for the T1, T2, and T3 diets, respectively (p<0.05). Dry matter intake was not affected by peNDF content in TMR. Total weight gain in T1 group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in T2 and T3 groups. However, weight gain did not differ between T2 and T3 groups. The feed conversion ratio decreased with an increase in the peNDF content (T1: 12.18, T2: 14.17, and T3: 14.01 g/g). An increase in the peNDF content of TMR was associated with a linear increase in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber (p<0.05). Also, an increase in peNDF content of the TMR resulted in a linear increase in the number of chews in eating and ruminating (p<0.05), and consequently in the number of total chews (p<0.05). These results indicate that peNDF content affects digestibility and chewing activity. Consequently, the peNDF content of TMR should be considered for improving feed efficiency, digestibility, body weight gain, and performance in fattening heifers.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in food and nutrient intake by smoking status among Korean. Food and nutrient intake in relation to smoking status was studied in 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older in 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, in which 24 hour recall method was used for dietary survey. Information of subject's smoking status was collected by interview as a part of health behavior survey. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in food and nutrition intake among subjects following after Duncan's multiple range test among four different smoking exposure categories. Food intake of male ex-smoker was the highest in most of the food groups among the four groups of daily current smoker, occasional current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker. There was significant differences observed in food intake of sugar, fruits, beverage, seasoning by the smoking status. It had been also observed that significantly high intake of energy from carbohydrate in non smoker compare to current smoker especially in male subjects. Fiber and vitamin C intake was also higher among non-smoker (never smoker and ex-smoker) than current smoker. In general, food and nutrient intake pattern of ex-smoker resembled those of never smoker than those of current smoker. Not likely the observation from European and American studies, fat intake was not statistically different between smoker (current) and non-smoker (ex-smoker and never smoker) among Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the adequacy of dietary fat and protein intakes among female college students. Daily intakes of energy, fat, protein, major amino acids and other nutrients were measured in 52 female college students. Daily energy intake was 75.8% of the recommended intake. Fat and protein consist 19.2% and 16.7% of the total calorie, respectively. The average protein consumption per day was 105% of the recommended intake. Essential amino acids intakes were more than the recommended amounts which appears in the 6th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. However, when the intake of each essential amino acid was compared to the recommended amino acid requirement pattern, these subjects did not meet the estimated requirements. There was a highly significant correlation between daily protein intake and lipid intake implying the major sources of protein in the diet were also major sources of fat. Daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, and phosphorous were above the recommended levels of intake. However, blood hemoglobin concentration was marginal indicating dietary iron consumption is not a good marker for iron status. Also, calcium intake was only 63.5% of the recommended intake. Therefore, these results imply that main problems for these subjects are low energy consumption, low calcium intake, and the quality of protein. However, as opposed to the hypothesis, the main energy sources were not the food items high in saturated fats such as instant foods, which should be emphasized further.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2000

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.632-640
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) on muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The DHEA group (n=10) had DHEA injections daily for 14 days, and the Vehicle group (n=10) had vehicle injections daily for 14 days. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from the both hindlimbs. Body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: The DHEA group showed significant increases (p<.05), as compared to the vehicle group for muscle weight of the unaffected plantaris, and in Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle. The DHEA group demonstrated a higher pain threshold than the vehicle group whereas total diet intake and activity score were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: DHEA administration for 14 days attenuates unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.822-830
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• 2003

Carotenoid-rich foods focus one's attention on the prevention age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the carotenoid status and look into the factors that affect the bioavailability of carotenoid in 121 elderly nonsmoking Korean women. Carotenoids and lipids in plasma, and nutrient intakes including carotenoid were studied. The mean plasma total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were 220.0 mg/dl 49.5mg/dl , 139.2mg/dl and 157.4mg/dl , respectively. Significantly positive correlations were found between the plasma lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopene and $\beta$-carotene concentrations and the intake of fruits (r=0.17, r=0.20, r=0.19). However, significantly negative correlations were found between the plasma zeaxanthin, and $\beta$-carotene concentrations that adjusted for carotenoid intakes and intakes of vegetables (r=-0.21, r=-0.19), and between plasma lutein＋zeaxanthin, lycopene and $\beta$-carotene concentrations that adjusted for carotenoid intakes and intakes of fruits (r= -0.21, r=-0.18, r=-0.24). After the adjustment for plasma lipids, there was no correlation between the plasma carotenoid concentrations and the carotenoid-rich foods. However, after adjustment for fiber intake, significantly strong positive correlations were found between the plasma carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid-rich foods. The plasma levels of carotenoid biomarkers (plasma carotenoid concentrations adjusted for dietary fiber intakes) decreased with age, and the plasma levels of lycopene biomarkers (plasma lycopene concentrations adjusted for dietary fiber intakes) increased with regular exercise. However alcohol drinking had no impact. These results suggested that age, physical activity, and dietary fiber intake affected the bioavailability of carotenoid. Therefore, when the elderly have carotenoid-rich foods, they should consider ways of increasing the bioavailability of carotenoid through cooking methods and Physical activity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neuropathic pain by peripheral nerve injury on mass and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas on hindlimb muscles of the neuropathic pain model rat. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 200-220 g) were assigned to one of two groups: a neuropathic pain group (n=7) that had a ligation of the left L5 spinal nerve, a control group (n=5), a naive rat without any procedures. Withdrawal threshold, activity, body weight and food intake were measured daily. At 8 days after neuropathic pain, all rats were anesthetized and the soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected from the both hindlimbs. Body weight, food intake, muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were determined. Result: The neuropathic pain group showed a significant decreases (p<.05) as compared with the control rats, in diet intake, body weight, muscle weight and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the left (affected side) soleus and plantaris muscles, and the right (unaffected side) muscle weight of plantaris and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle. Conclusion: The hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs in both affected and unaffected side due to neuropathic pain by the peripheral nerve injury. The hindlimb muscle atrophy of the affected side is more pronounced than that of the unaffected side.