• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.15
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

The paper relics excavated from the 4th excavation of the historical spot No.259 Seonwon temple area were analyzed and conserved. Because these works remained folded, the most important conservation treatment was a separation. This process depended on the state of the works: dry state works were separated using Gore-Tex chamber and the filtrated water, wet state works were separated through vacuum freeze drying method. Analyses of the paper relics performed were examination on the paper to find its distinction, binocular microscope and SEM on fiber, and XRF on character ingredient. This study presumed the times though $C^{14}$ dating of these works. The works were able to be classified through analysis and conservation treatment. This separation made lost part of the works conserve an archetype. This study presented the application of conservation methods on the paper relics which are in the bad condition and obtained information through carbon dating of it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.2 s.45
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• pp.187-196
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• 2000

In this paper, stability analysis is carried out for the out of plane behaviors under compressive loads to the direction of the generator in anisotropic cylindrical shells. It is not easy to obtain the analytic solutions about the stability analysis of anisotropic cylindrical shells consisted of composite materials. For solving this problems, this paper used the finite difference method which is one of the numerical methods. Geometrical property of cylindrical shells transforms the compressive loads into the inplane behaviors. This paper studied the change of stiffness in the direction of the circumferential and stability of shells according to change of fiber angle, curvature, subtended angle and aspect ratio. From result of this study, anisotropic cylindrical shells under compressive loads to the direction of the generator vary greatly with respect to the change of the circumferential stiffness. Therefore, it will be more safe to strengthen the circumferential stiffness of anisotropic cylindrical shells under compressive loads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.659-667
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• 2014

Fruits are good sources of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals, which are known to reduce serum lipids, oxidative damage, and blood pressure as well as improve blood glucose control. The purpose of this study was to estimate nutrient quality indices of fruits by carrying out a critical analysis of pre-existing methods according to their nutritional compositions. Four methods were used to assess the nutrient indices of 26 fruits, which are frequently consumed by Koreans based on the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009). Naturally nutrient rich score (NNR), nutrient rich food (NRF), nutrient adequacy score (NAS), and nutrient density score (NDS) were used to calculate nutrient quality indices. The Korean Nutrition Society Food Composition database of fruits based on 100 g edible portions was used. The algorithm of each method included the mean percentage of daily values (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2010) for particular nutrients based on consumption of 1,900 kcal/day. The relative score indicated that strawberries, kumquat, and lemon had high nutrient quality indices. In addition, mango, lemon, persimmon, strawberry, apricot, and tangerine fruits are rich in antioxidant nutrients such as ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. However, scores of nutrient quality indices did not imply that higher scores of particular fruits are superior. We suggest moderate seasonable consumption a variety of fruits. Our results can be used as a reference for consumers when they choose fruits.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.106-112
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• 2015

Many researchers have proposed analytical methods to measure the adsorption of di-sulpho fluorescent whitening agents (D-FWAs), but practical methods for D-FWA utilization in an actual paper mill have not been established. In particular, the D-FWA adsorption behavior must be monitored in paper mills to ensure the effective use of D-FWAs. This study used the zeta-potential of pulps as an indicator of the adsorption behavior of a D-FWA. We identified the relationship between the actual adsorption of the D-FWA and the zeta-potential of the pulps as a function of D-FWA addition. zeta-potential measurements were then used to analyze the D-FWA adsorption behavior under different conditions of pulp type, conductivity, and pH. The actual adsorption of a D-FWA was proportional to the ${\Delta}zeta-potential$ of the pulps (i.e., the difference between the zeta-potential of a pulp containing no D-FWA and one containing the D-FWA). The ${\Delta}zeta-potential$ of the pulps was therefore adopted for adsorption analysis. A higher adsorption of the D-FWA was observed onto Hw-BKP than onto Sw-BKP because of the shorter fiber length and higher fines content of Hw-BKP. A high conductivity and an acidic pH decreased the D-FWA adsorption because of direct effects of high ion concentrations and low pH on the D-FWA solubility. Therefore, a D-FWA must be added to Hw-BKP under low conductivity conditions and at neutral or alkaline pH to optimize the D-FWA adsorption.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2020

Fermented foods have been recognized as functional foods that provide health benefits, including the modulation of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of coffee beans fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on healthy human gut microbiota. Fermentation increased the content of beneficial substances (i.e., flavonoids and polyphenols). The consumption of fermented coffee increased the occurrence of beneficial microorganisms such as fiber degraders and short-chain fatty acid producers, although no significant microbiota shifts were observed after the coffee consumption. The analysis of metabolic activities also showed no difference after the coffee consumption. Our study demonstrates that the consumption of the fermented coffee may increase some beneficial bacterial while remaining the gut microbiota and its activities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

Recently the life damage is increasing due to the house disruption and burying accident by the landslide, and most of the damages are concentrating on the agricultural area. This study is a basic study for developing the personal disaster evacuation apparatus that can be installed in the house for the people in agricultural area vulnerable to the disaster in case of the landslide. This study carried out the numerical analysis and the object load test on the personal disaster evacuation apparatus. As a result of this study, it was judged the life damage could be minimized if the personal disaster evacuation apparatus using the glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) materials was installed in the steep slope-land with a high possibility of the disruption.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.934-938
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• 1995

Water soluble fractions (WSF) of wheat bran treated with thermal processes such as autoclaving, microwaving and extrusion were characterized to investigate the structural response of plant cell wall to thermal and mechanical energy. From the chemical analysis and gel filtration chromatography of WSF, gelatinization of starch was found to be the primary solubilizing mechanism of wheat bran, followed by the structural disintegration of fibrous non-starch cell wall materials. It was also found that extrusion process resulted in degrading relatively higher molecular weight non-starch polysaccharides from the cell wall. GC analysis of water soluble non-starch polysaccharides indicates that the arabinoxylan residues of cell wall are the most susceptible site to thermal treatments studied. In particular, the degrading degree of cell wall of wheat bran is the most significant for extrusion accompanying both high temperature and high shear.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.554-559
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• 2013

Brown rice (Oryza sativa) is rich in nutrients, including dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other unmeasured constituents, as well as carbohydrates. Brown rice is an applicable staple for chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, but it is not commonly used in dietary management due to several reasons. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using digestive enzymes to process brown rice. When the weight of the brown rice was measured after packing in the same volume of water, it was increased in pectinase-treated brown rice compared to control or collagenase-treated brown rice. Using SEM analysis, we observed huge scratches and nanopores on the surface of the brown rice after the pectinase treatment, but the nutritional components were preserved. We also analyzed the water adsorption rate and performed a starch reaction assay to examine the physical changes after the pectinase treatment. The pectinase-treated brown rice showed a higher water adsorption rate and a faster starch reaction than the nontreated brown rice. These results suggest that digestive enzymes like pectinase can aid the nutritional preservation of brown rice and improve its taste.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1247-1259
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• 2018

Raspberries are polyphenol-rich fruits with the potential to reduce the severity of the clinical signs associated with obesity, a phenomenon that may be related to changes in the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raspberry supplementation on the fecal microbiota using an in vivo model of obesity. Obese diabetic db/db mice were used in this study and assigned to two experimental groups (with and without raspberry supplementation). Fecal samples were collected at the end of the supplementation period (8 weeks) and used for bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). QIIME 1.8 was used to analyze the 16S data. Raspberry supplementation was associated with an increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.009), a very important group for gut health, and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, and the fiber degrader S24-7 family as well as unknown groups of Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). These changes were enough to clearly differentiate bacterial communities accordingly to treatment, based on the analysis of UniFrac distance metrics. However, a predictive approach of functional profiles showed no difference between the treatment groups. Fecal metabolomic analysis provided critical information regarding the raspberry-supplemented group, whose relatively higher phytosterol concentrations may be relevant for the host health, considering the proven health benefits of these phytochemicals. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the observed differences in microbial communities (e.g., Lachnospiraceae) or metabolites relate to clinically significant differences that can prompt the use of raspberry extracts to help patients with obesity.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

This paper is a preliminary study to apply the lightweight concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) bars to the bridge deck slabs or some other concrete structures. So, some different behaviors between the conventional steel reinforced concrete slab and the lightweight concrete slab reinforced with GFRP bars were investigated. For this purpose, a number of slabs were constructed and then the three point bending test and numerical analysis for these slabs were performed. The flexural test results showed that the lightweight concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars were failed by the shear failure due to the over-reinforced design. The weight and failure load of the GFRP bar reinforced lightweight concrete slabs were 72% and 58% of the steel reinforced concrete slab with the same dimensions, respectively. Results of the numerical analysis for these slabs using a commercial program, midas FEA, showed that the load-deflection curve could be simulated well until the shear failure of the slabs, but the applied loads and the deflections continuously increased even beyond the shear failure loads.