• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of VEGF on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. The base medium for IVM, TCM-199 was supplemented with 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.91 mM pyruvate, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, $75{\mu}g/ml$ kenamycin, $1{\mu}g/ml$ insulin and 10% (V/V) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) as a Group A; Group B was consists of Group A plus 5 ng/ml VEGF; Group C was consists of replacement of pFF by 10% PVA and Group D: was consists of Group C plus 5 ng/ml VEGF. 1. The maturation rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control and VEGF+pFF group than other two groups ($76.1{\pm}9.6,\;78.9{\pm}6.0\;vs\;60.4{\pm}14.2\;and\;58.3{\pm}14.3$, respectively). 2. Addition of VEGF without pFF showed a negative effect on oocytes maturation and about 58.26% oocytes were reached to M-II stage. 3. In the parthenogenetic development, the cleavage rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control and VEGF+pFF group ($73.2{\pm}1.8\;and\;64.6{\pm}1.1$, respectively) than other groups ($47.9{\pm}1.8\;and\;48.3{\pm}1.7$, respectively). 4. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in VEGF+pFF group ($32.6{\pm}2.4$) compared to control and other groups. 5. There was no significant difference in cell numbers (inner cell mass or trophectoderm) among these groups.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.652-657
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• 2007

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of FOENICULI FRUCTUS freeze dry powder (FF) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and further to determine the mechanism of action of FF. The results in normal rats were as follows ; FF significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but decreased MABP, This results were suggested that FF significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The FF-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 1H[1,2,4]oxadizolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 ${\mu}$g/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase and indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and propranolol (PPN, 3 mg/kg, i.p.), a blocker of adrenalic f receptor and Lu-Nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA, 1 m9/kB, i.p.), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The FFE-induced decrease in MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with L-NNA and was increased by pretreatment with PPN, Dut was inhibited by pretreatment with ODQ and IDN, This results were suggested that the mechanism of FF was mediated by nitric oxide synthase and adrenalic ${\beta}$ receptor.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.7-12
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• 2022

Purpose: When it is difficult to secure the skin dose when treating Irregularly Shaped Skin Surface such as the nose where it is difficult to apply a bolus, increase the skin dose with a treatment plan that combines the IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) delivery technique and FFF (Flattening Filter Free), It was tried to find out whether or not through the phantom experiment. Materials & Methods: Based on the 6MV-FF (Flattening Filter) and VMAT (Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy) treatment plans, which are the most commonly used treatment plans for head and neck cancer, A comparison group was created by combining VMAT and IMRT, FF and FFF, and the presence or absence of 5 mm bolus application. A virtual target was created on the Rando Phantom's nose, and a virtual bolus of 5 mm was applied assuming full contact on the Rando Phantom's nose. Five measurement points were determined based on the phantom's nose, and the absorbed dose was measured by irradiating each treatment plan 3 times per treatment plan according to the treatment technique and whether or not the bolus was applied. Result: The difference in skin dose in FF vs FFF increased in the case of FFF in VMAT bolus off, and there was no difference in case of IMRT bolus off. In VMAT bolus 5 mm and IMRT bolus 5 mm, it was confirmed that the skin dose was rather decreased in FFF. The difference in skin dose between VMAT and IMRT increased only in the case of FFF bolus off, and there was no statistical difference in the rest. For the difference in skin dose between bolus off vs bolus 5 mm, it was confirmed that the skin dose increased at bolus 5 mm, except for the case of using IMRT FFF. The treatment plan combining IMRT and FFF did not find any statistically significant difference as a result of analyzing the measured values of the treatment plan skin dose applied with a 5 mm bolus using the commonly used VMAT and FF. Therefore, it is thought that by using IMRT_FFF, it is possible to deliver a skin dose similar to that of applying a 5 mm bolus to VMAT_FF, which can be useful for patients who need a high skin dose but have difficulty applying a bolus. Conclusion: For patients who find it difficult to apply bolus, an increase in skin dose can be expected with a treatment plan that properly combines IMRT and FFF compared to VMAT and FF.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

Objective: Hyperstimulation methods are broadly used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with infertility; however, the side effects associated with these therapies, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), have not been well studied. N-glycoproteomes are subproteomes used for the remote sensing of ovarian stimulation in follicular growth. Glycoproteomic variation in human follicular fluid (hFF) has not been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to identify and quantify the glycoproteomes and N-glycoproteins (N-GPs) in natural and stimulated hFF using label-free nano-liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quad time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Methods: For profiling of the total proteome and glycoproteome, pooled protein samples from natural and stimulated hFF samples were selectively isolated using hydrazide chemistry to obtain the total proteomes and glycoproteomes. N-GPs were validated by the consensus sequence N-X-S/T (92.2% specificity for the N-glycomotif at p<0.05). All data were compared between natural versus hyperstimulated hFF samples. Results: We detected 41 and 44 N-GPs in the natural and stimulated hFF samples, respectively. Importantly, we identified 11 N-GPs with greater than two-fold upregulation in stimulated hFF samples compared to natural hFF samples. We also validated the novel N-GPs thyroxine-binding globulin, vitamin D-binding protein, and complement proteins C3 and C9. Conclusion: We identified and classified N-GPs in hFF to improve our understanding of follicular physiology in patients requiring assisted reproduction. Our results provided important insights into the prevention of hyperstimulation side effects, such as OHSS.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

This study was carried out to determine the effect of bovine follicular fluid(bFF), hormones, and fetal bovine serum(FBS) supplemented in the medium on the in vitro fertilization and development of bovine embryos. The ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and placed in physiological saline kept at 30~32˚C and brought to the laboratory within 3~4 hours. The oocytes and follicular fluid were collected by aspiration from visible follicles, and the oocytes of grades I on the basis of the morphology of cumulus cells attached and the homogeneity of cytoplasmic granules were selected and used for maturation. The basal media used for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development in vitro were Ham' F-10, TALP and TCM-199, respectively. The hormones supplemented in maturation medium were consisted of 35 pg /ml FSH, 10 pg /ml LH and 1 pg/mi estradiol-l7$\beta$. The bFF collected from 5~9 mm follicles was centrifuged, filtered and inactivated by heat-treatment at 56˚C for 30 min. FBS also was inactivated with the same method and kept at -20˚C until use. The embryos were co-cultured with the monolayer of bovine oviductal epithelial cells at 39˚C under 5% $CO_2$ in air for 9 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The fertilization rate of oocytes was found 87.4% from 10% FBS and hormones treatment for IVM, and 37.1% of these TVF embryos were developed to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS groups. Compared with this control system, the fertilization rate was decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the maturation without either FBS or hormones. These IVF embryos were developed to morula stage at the similar rate, but to blastocyst at significantly(P<0.05) lower rate in the embryo culture with or without FBS supplementation. The fertilization rate(82.9%) in hormones and 10% inactivated bFF was similar with 10% FBS and hormone groups(87.4%), but decreased significantly(P<0.05) in 20 or 30% bFF (61.0 or 66.0%), respectively. In vitro developmental competence to blastocyst stage in 10% FBS and 20% inactivated bFF(37.1% and 31.4%) was higher than in 10 or 30% inactivated bFF(20.0 or 19.2%) or 10, 20 and 30% fresh bFF(19.1, 21.0 and 17.5%) The results indicated that the in vitro fertillzation and development rate of the embryos should be improved in 10% FBS or 20% inactivated culture system and 20% inactivated bFF might be available economically for bovine oocyte maturation and embryo culture instead of fetal bovine serum.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2007

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs) on the fungicidal activity against damping-off (Pythium ultimum) with N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide and N-phenyl-2-thienylsulfonamide analogues (1-34) were studied quantitatively using CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indeces analysis) methodologies. On the whole, the statistical qualities of CoMSIA models with field fit alignment (FF1-FF5) were slightly higher than that of atom based fit alignment (AF1-AF5) but, the deviations of statistical quality between two alignments in case of CoMFA models were slightly lower. The statistical results of CoMFA and CoMSIA model showed that the optimized CoMSIA model (FF1: $r_{cv.}^2\;(q^2)=0.674$ & $r_{ncv.}^2=0.964$) for damping-off is better predictability and fitness for fungicidal activities than CoMFA model (AF5: $r_{cv.}^2\;(q^2)=0.616$ & $r_{ncv.}^2=0.930$). The fungicidal activities according to the information of the CoMSIA (FF1) model were dependence upon the electrostatic and hydrophobic field of the N-phenylbenzene sulfonamide analogues. Therefore, from the results of graphical analyses on the contour maps with CoMSIA (FF3) model, it is expected that the characters of R4-substituent on the N-phenyl ring as hydrophobic and hydrogen bond acceptor will be contributed to the fungicidal activity against damping-off.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Zinc is an essential trace element in Human Being. Highly zinc containing yeast strain isolated from the tropical fruit, rambutan and the zinc concentration in this yeast strain was 306 ppm (30.6 mg%)per dry matter basis. This strain was found to be a rounded type, normal size, and multi-polar budding. Phylogenetic analysis using the ITS1-5.85 rDNA sequences from isolated strain is most similar to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of nucleotide sequence identity at 99%. This strain was produced alcohol by about 12% using fully colonized koji-rice with Aspergillus oryzae. In conclusion, the isolated strain was found to be closely related to the S. cerevisiae based on its morphological and physiological properties, and alcohol fermentation. The phylogenetic analysis of strain FF-10 using ITS 5.8S rDNA sequence data also supported the closely related to the S. cerevisiae. Accordingly, the isolated yeast was named as S. cerevisiae FF-10. Further studies on the best culture conditions for zinc production from zinc-enriched S. cerevisiae FF-10 are under investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

Particulate filtering facepiece respirators (PFFR) is one of the most widely used items of personal protective equipments, and a tight fit of the respirators on the wearers is critical for the protection effectiveness. In order to effectively protect the workers through the respirators, it is important to find and evaluate the ways that can be readily applicable at the workplace to improve the fit of the respirators. This study was designed to evaluate effects of mask style (cup or foldable type) and donning training on fit factors (FF) of the respirators, since these are available at various workplace, especially at small business workplace. A total of 40 study subjects, comprised of 30~50s aged male and female workers in metalworking industries, were enrolled in this study. The FF were quantitatively measured before and after training related to the proper donning and use of cup or foldable-type respirators. The pass/fail criterion of FF was set at 100. After the donning training for the cup-type mask, subjects who passed the fit test were increased from 10 to 33. Moreover, the geometric mean (GM) of FF was increased by 340% in subjects who failed the test. In addition, the training effects for the cup-type mask were significant in female and 50s aged subjects. On the other hand, although the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask was also increased after the donning training, the GM of FF for the foldable-type mask and it's increase rate were smaller as compared to the cup-type mask. Furthermore, the differences of the increase rates of the GM of FF in sex and aged of the subjects were not significantly for the foldable-type mask. The multi-distribution of leak points for the foldable-type mask may be one of causes for the less effect of training on the fit of the foldable-type mask. These results imply that the raining on the donning and use of PFFR can enhance the protection effectiveness of cup or foldable-type mask, and that the training effects for the foldable-type mask is less significant than that for the cup-type mask. Therefore, It is recommended that the donning training and fit tests should be conducted before the use of the PFFR, and that efficient tranining programs for the foldable-type mask are required.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 1989

The present study was disigned to determine the concentration of bioavailable steroid hormones in the atretic follicular fluid (FF). The concentradons of progesterone (P), testosterone (T), estradiol (E), androstenedione (A), and 5-$\alpha$ dihydrotestosterone (DIlT) were determined by the established methods of luminescent immunoassay (LIA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA). Concentrations of T, A and Diff in human FF from smail (< 6 mm). medium (8-15 mm), and large (> 15 mm) atretic follicles were significandy higher than those of normal ones (p < 0.01). However, the levels of T, A and DHT in smail atretic foflicle were significandy lower than those found in normal one. The concentrations of P in atretic FF from porcine small (< 3 mm), medium (4-6 mm), and large (> 7 mm) follicles were not different from that of normal ones. However, the concentration of E in atretic forncles of each group was significantly lower than that of normal group (p < 0.001 in each group). On the other hand, the percentages of bioavailable T (BI) in human FF were significandy (p <0.001) higher than those in normal groups. The BT in normal or atretic FF was more than 90 % of total T. The present result demonstrates that the bioavailable androgen, but not E levels in atretic follicles is higher than that of normal one, and that the atretic mechanism might be dependent on the ovarian forncle size in the developmental stage and on the animal model system. Moreover, the present study suggests that the steroids found in the FF are the bioavailable forms and the concentration of BT in FF could be used as one of the valuable criteria classifying the ovarian atretic follicle.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare the patient setup errors of two different immobilization devices (Feet Fix: FF and Leg Fix: LF) for pelvic region radiotherapy in Tomotherapy. Thirty six-patients previously treated with IMRT technique were selected, and divided into two groups based on applied immobilization devices (FF versus LF). We performed a retrospective clinical analysis including the mean, systematic, random variation, 3D-error, and calculated the planning target volume (PTV) margin. In addition, a rotational error (angles, $^{\circ}$) for each patient was analyzed using the automatic image registration. The 3D-errors for the FF and the LF groups were 3.70 mm and 4.26 mm, respectively; the LF group value was 15.1% higher than in the FF group. The treatment margin in the ML, SI, and AP directions were 5.23 mm (6.08 mm), 4.64 mm (6.29 mm), 5.83 mm (8.69 mm) in the FF group (and the LF group), respectively, that the FF group was lower than in the LF group. The percentage in treatment fractions for the FF group (ant the LF group) in greater than 5 mm at ML, SI, and AP direction was 1.7% (3.6%), 3.3% (10.7%), and 5.0% (16.1%), respectively. Two different immobilization devices were affected the patient setup errors due to different fixed location in low extremity. The radiotherapy for the pelvic region by Tomotherapy should be considering variation for the rotational angles including Yaw and Pitch direction that incorrect setup error during the treatment. In addition the choice of an appropriate immobilization device is important because an unalterable rotation angle affects the setup error.