• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.497-508
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate correlations between concentrations of extractable Arsenic (As) with varying chemical solutions (0.1 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, 0.1 M $(NH_4)2HPO_4$, 0.5 M EDTA, Mehlich 3, and 0.5 M $NaHCO_3$) and those of As in crops, and then to seek the most suitable soil extraction method for predicting the potential of As uptake in crops cultivated in soils contaminated with As. For a mesocosm experiment, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were cultivated for three months in pots containing soils taken from the arable areas near abandoned mines in Korea. Following the cultivation, soil pH and DOC significantly increased by treatments of lime and lime plus compost, respectively, while insignificant influences in changing total and all extractable As concentrations were found in all soils. Arsenic concentration in edible part of all crops considerably depended on the extractable As concentration in the soils, particularly with Mehlich 3. All extractable As concentrations in the soils of C. annuum and G. max were significantly correlated with As concentration in their edible parts. For O. sativa, the extractable concentrations of Mehlich 3 ($R^2$: 0.18 at p: 0.006) and EDTA ($R^2$: 0.11 at p: 0.036) showed only marked relationships with As concentration in the edible part. These results may indicate that the Mehlich 3 and EDTA are soil extractants to determine phytoavailable As in soil that provide better prediction for As transfer from soil to crop.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.321-325
• /
• 1986

유효규산함량이 61 ppm 사양토(砂壤土)에서 규회석(硅灰石) 및 규산질비료시용(珪酸質肥料施用)에 의한 규산용출(珪酸溶出)의 변화(變化)에 관(關)해서 실내(室內) 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 규회석(硅灰石) 및 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)를 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)하고 증류수(蒸溜水) 및 1N-NaOAc(pH 4.0)로 연속침출(連續浸出)했을 때 각(各) 침출용액중(浸出溶液中)의 규산용출농도(珪酸溶出濃度)는 규회석(硅灰石)보다 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料) 처리(處理)에서 높았다. 2. 규회석(硅灰石) 및 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)를 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)하고 증류수(蒸溜水)로 연속침출(連續浸出)했을 때 pH는 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)보다 규회석처리(硅灰石處理)에서 높았다. 3. 규회석(硅灰石) 및 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)를 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)하고 항온(恒溫)했을 때 규회석처리(硅灰石處理)는 시용량(施用量)이 많아짐에 따라 수용액중(水溶液中)의 $SiO_2$ 및 K 농도(濃度)는 낮아졌고 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)에서는 높아졌으며 pH, Ca 및 Mg 농도(濃度)은 두비종(肥種) 모두 높아졌다. 4. 토양(土壤)에 pH를 달리하여 규산용액(珪酸溶液)을 흡착(吸着)시킨 결과(結果) pH 9.4 정도(程度)에서 최대(最大)로 흡착(吸着)되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the selected chemical properties of soils in Saururus chinensis Baill (Chinese lizard's tail) cultivation fields to provide optimal fertilizer application rates and to examine the growth and pharmaco-consitituents of Saururus chinensis Baill as influenced by different amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications. Based on the results of selected soil chemical properties in 37 cultivation sites of the plant, soil pH, organic matter content, and exchangeable $K^{+}$ concentration were lower than optimal values for cultivating general medicinal crops even though relatively high standard deviations were found in some of the values. At the harvesting stage of the plant aerial parts, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available $P_2O_5$, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$ decreased as comparing with those before transplanting the plant, whereas the concentration of exchangeable $K^{+}$ increased in the plot treated with N 100% and compost. Fresh weight of the plant aerial parts were highest, 492.5kg/10, in the N 100% treatment plot. Correlation equation between N levels treated (X) and yield of the plant aerial parts (Y) presented as $Y=-2.1609X^2+30.082X+344.12$($R^2= 0.7113$) and the optimal rate of N fertilizer application for the plant was 6.6kg/10a. Carbon concentrations in the plant were not different among the different N levels applied. N and K concentrations in the plant were highest in the plot of N 100% with compost applications, the highest P concentration was in N 100% plot, and the highest Ca and S concentrations were in N 200% plot. Quercetin and quercitrin were highest in the N 150% plot and tannin was highest in N 100% or N 100% with compost application plot.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제38권10호
• /
• pp.574-579
• /
• 2016

생활하수슬러지만 소각하는 시설에서 발생되는 비산재를 비료 제조시 주원료 또는 부원료로 활용하기 위해 비산재를 원료로 비료를 제조하고 구성성분을 분석하였다. 비산재를 포함해 제작된 비료의 구성 및 물성, 강도, 중금속에 대한 위해성 등을 분석하였다. 비산재는 충분한 인을 함유하여 비료의 원료로 사용될 수 있으나, 비산재를 주원료(40% 이상 포함)로 비료를 제작할 경우 조립화율(2-4 mm 입자 형성율)을 80% 이상 달성할 수 없었다. 비산재를 보조원료로 첨가하여 비료를 제조할 경우, 비산재 함유량을 15%이하로 유지하면 조립화율을 80% 이상 달성할 수 있었다. 비산재를 보조원료로 조립화된 비료의 중금속 분석결과, 폐기물공정시험기준인 용출실험에서는 위해성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 토양오염공정시험의 함량분석 상으로는 비산재 함유량이 높아짐에 따라 카드뮴 등 중금속 위해성을 초과하는 항목이 발생되었다. 따라서 비료제작시 비산재를 보조원료로 투입할 경우 중금속을 제거하기 위한 전처리를 하지 않는다면 비료원료의 비산재 함유량을 7% 이하로 유지하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 2014

In this study, chemical characteristics of groundwater around carcass burial areas and those in agricultural and livestock-farming complex areas in South Korea were monitored. Groundwater samples were collected from 166 wells around carcass burial sites and 466 wells around the agricultural areas where carcass burial sites are absent. The chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N, and $Cl^-$) in carcass burial areas and agricultural areas were similar. The $NO_3$-N concentrations exhibited minimal seasonal fluctuations below $30mg\;L^{-1}$ in most of the wells, even in the wells located close to the carcass burial sites; and $Cl^-$ concentrations also showed similar patterns. The chemical characteristics of groundwater monitored in this study indicated that groundwater was widely contaminated by agricultural activities and livestock farming, but probably not by leachates derived from nearby carcass burial sites.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.627-634
• /
• 2016

The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Aster koraiensis Nakai for forest rehabilitation of heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. A. koraiensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, non-contaminated natural forest soil, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of A. koraiensis showed that waste oyster+lime 1% and compost were more effective than the other amendments for phytostabilization. However, it is needed comprehensive review of factors such as on-site condition, slope covering to reduce soil erosion and vegetation introduction from surround forest for revegetation to apply forest rehabilitation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.1048-1051
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to find out properties and total and phytoavailable contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in 21 urban agricultural soils in Seoul. The investigated urban soils showed $pH_{(1:5)}$ 6.89, $EC_{(1:5)}$ $0.14dS\;m^{-1}$, organic mater 2.22%, available $P_2O_5$ $139mg\;kg^{-1}$, cation exchange capacity (CEC) $11.36cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, total nitrogen 0.15% and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na were 6.71, 1.44, 1.06 and $0.30cmol^+\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total heavy metal concentrations in urban agricultural soils were lower than those of the warning levels in the area 1 according to the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea. Phytoavailable-Cu, -Pb, and -Zn concentrations of the samples showed 0.02-0.28, N.D-0.09, $0.01-0.43mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.684-696
• /
• 2017

An investigation of grain size, organic compounds and metal distribution in lakes from Geum river basin (Republic of Korea) was conducted in two years (2014 and 2015). The samples of sediment were collected from the 3 lakes (12 sites). The samples were analyzed the concentration of metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, Al, and Li) and general indices including grain size. Spearman correlation coefficients were determined using general indices and metal concentrations respectively. The organic qualities of sediments were improved in 2015 compared with 2014. The concentrations of metals were lower than Sediment Criteria of Lakes in Korea. The significant Spearman correlation coefficients were presented only sand-clay, clay-water content, COD-TOC, Cu-Ni, Cd-Li, Zn-Li, and Cr-Ni of general and metal parameters in 2014, 2015 and both of two years.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2008

국내육성 딸기 신품종인 '매향'을 Ca 농도를 조절한 관비용액으로 재배하면서 결핍증상의 특징과 결핍증상을 유발하는 건물중 및 생체즙액내 한계농도를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. Ca 결핍증상은 신엽에서 발생하였고, 신엽의 엽맥 부분이 갈변하는 증상과 함께 신엽이 기형화되면서 선단부가 괴사하는 증상이었다. 정식 후 120일에 지상부의 생육을 조사한 결과 엽수, 엽장, 엽병장, 생체중 및 건물중은 4.5mM과 6mM 시비구에서 생육이 우수하였고, 3mM 이하나 9mM의 칼슘 농도에서 생장량이 적어 2차곡선회귀가 성립하였고 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 식물체당 건물중 4.9g에서 2차 곡선회귀의 정점이 형성되었으며(y=2.4026+1.0209x-$0.0985x^2$, $R^2=0.3546^{***}$), 최대 생장량의 90% 이상 생장량을 최저 한계점으로 설정하면 식물체당 약 4.4g이상의 건물중을 생산해야 하며 건물중에 기초한 Ca함량이 $1.6\sim2.25%$의 범위에 포함 되도록 시비량을 조절해야 할 것으로 판단하였다. 생체중도 Ca 시비농도에 대하여 3차 곡선회귀적인 반응을 보였으며(y=9.273+4.882x-$0.4245x^2$, $R^2=0.4935^{***}$), 식물체당 239에서 정점이 형성되었다. 최대 생장량의 90% 이상을 확보하려면 엽병 추출액의 Ca 농도가 $63\sim79mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$의 범위에 포함되도록 Ca 시비농도를 조절해야 한다고 판단하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) total phosphorous (TP), and phosphate phosphorous ($PO_4$-P) in groundwater under paddy and upland fields, and surface water recharging from a rural mixed land-use watershed. Chinese cabbage and hot pepper were cultivated on the upland field plot. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater showed double peaks (4.7, 4.3 mg/L, respectively) in April 2009 shortly after fertilizer application, indicating that TN concentrations are greatly influenced by fertilization. However, the TN concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than 2.0 mg/L irrespective of fertilization. Whereas the mean concentrations of TN and $NO_3$-N in upland groundwater significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in surface water, the mean concentrations of TP and $PO_4$-P in upland groundwater were significantly lower than those in surface water. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of TN, $NO_3$-N, TP and $PO_4$-P in paddy groudwater were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in surface water. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater were generally higher than those in surface water during early April to early December due to the effect of fertilization, but vice versa in the other periods. In contrast, the TP concentrations in upland groundwater were always lower than those in surface water due to the sorption of inorganic phosphorous by soil. Moreover, the TN and TP concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than those in surface water, and therefore paddy groundwater may dilute nutrient concentrations in surface water when paddy groundwater and surface water mix.