• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.826-831
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• 2016

he land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, $N_2O$ emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and $CO_2$ emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCF-Cropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg $CO_2$-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF-Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg $CO_2$-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

An efficient low-input system (LIS) for fertiliser use in rice cultivation is necessary to reduce fossil energy use and pollution. Japanese people like Japonica rice, especially cv. Koshihikari. However, it has very low lodging resistance in Japanese weather condition. Our objective was to develop a LIS with the minimum sacrifice of grain yield in rice. Koshihikari was grown using conventional fertilization as a control (CON) with 4 g N $m^{-2}$., 8g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ and 8 g $K_2$O $m^{-2}$ as a basal fertilizer dressing. It was compared with a low fertilizer treatment (LF) with only 4 g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ as a basal dressing in the first year and no basal phosphorus fertilizer in the second year. Chopped rice straw was incorporated into the soil before the cropping season in both years. Fertilizer of 4 g N $m^{-2}$ was top-dressed at 15 days before heading in CON plots and 30 days before heading in LF plots in both years. Lodging was significantly less in LF than in CON plots, however, no rice straw effect was found in low fertilized condition. Grain yields in LF plots were reduced by 15-16% below those of CON plots. Lower yields in LF plots were associated with a reduced number of spikelets per unit area. However, big spikelet size was acquired in LF by 10 days earlier N top dressing than CON plots. A close relationship was found between spikelet numbers and N content of the plant at heading, and between grain yield or shoot dry weight and N content of the plant at maturity. Regardless of the fertilizer application methods, N use efficiency for the number of spikelets, final total dry matter and grain yield was essentially identical among fertilizer treatments. The reduced growth and yield in the LF plots resulted from low absorption of nitrogen. Conclusively, LIS can drastically reduce chemical fertilizer use and facilitate harvest operations by reducing lodging with some yield reduction..

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (21-year) fertilizer and compost treatments on the yield of red pepper and chemical properties in top-dong, Suwon. Six treatments were chosen for this work: No fertilization (No fert.), NPK fertilizers (NPK), NPK and compost (NPK+Compost), NP and compost (NP+Compost), NK and compost (NK+Compost), PK and compost (PK+Compost). The yield of red pepper for 21 years indicated the significant differences among the No fertilization, the PK+Compost, and other treatments. The relative yield index was 13% and 59% respectively, for the No fertilization and the PK+Compost if the average yield of red pepper for the NPK regards $20,048kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the yield index with 100%. Soil organic matter at the compost applied treatments significantly increased compared with the No fert. and the NPK. The average increase rates of soil organic matter by applying the compost ranged from 0.69 to $0.73g\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Available phosphate content in soil appeared the significant increase all treatments excluding the No fert. It is estimated that the available phosphate in soil was increased by $7.0mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying compost and $14.2mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying P fertilizer. Application of K fertilizer or the compost alone, the NPK, the NP+Compost, continuously caused soil K depletion whereas K fertilization plus the compost maintained at a constant level of exchangeable K. The results indicated that the addition of compost to NPK fertilizer is recommended for the maximum stable yield for red pepper and enhancement of organic matter though it is also needed for adjusting of P and K fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1004-1008
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• 2012

The importance of environment-friendly agriculture is being magnified as a new growth engine industry in pursuit of low carbon, green growth policies. Since 2010, the Korean government has been promoting the supply of customized fertilizers which were manufactured based on chemical properties of agricultural soils. This aims focused to improve the efficiency of fertilizer used and to protect the agricultural environment. In order to provide technical supports for pushing ahead with the environment-friendly agriculture policies, we have estimated the effects of customized fertilization (CF) on growth and yield of rice and fertilizer reduction compared to conventional fertilization (farm practice fertilization) and single-element fertilization. In rice plant growth and rice yield, no statistically significant difference between the three fertilization treatments was observed. The fertilizer reduction rate with CF compared to conventional fertilization of investigated farms was on average 17%, which covered 6% through 33%. With split ratio, CF 70 reduced the amounts of fertilizer ingredient by 5% compare to CF 50. This paper shows that the customized fertilizer application reduced the amounts of fertilizer used in rice cultivation without decrease of yields.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

This study was conducted from 2003 to 2005 at crop field of National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, RDA, in Jeju. The treatment consisted of chemical fertilizer 100%(CF 100%, T1), cattle manure 100%(CM 100%, T2), CF 50%+CM 50%(T3), CF 25%+CM 75%(T4), CM 100%(1st yr.)+CF 100%(2nd yr,)+CM(3rd yr)(T5), CM 100%(1st yr.)+CF 100%(2nd yr.)+CF(3rd yr.)(T6). The highest substitution effect of chemical fertilizer for cattle manure indicated that the highest yield(Avg. 11,169 kg/ha) obtained from CM 100%(1 yr.)+CF 100%(2 yr.) treatment. The forage yield of CM 100%(1 yr.)+CF 100%(2 yr.) was 4% more than CM 100% application whereas was 3% less than CF 100% application. Changes of physical and chemical properties of soils for applications of CF 100% and CM 100% was clearly in cattle manure application. Especially, cattle manure application in pasture were superior to chemical fertilizer application with respect to organic matter(OM, %), total nitrogen(T-N, %), and avaliable phosphorous($P_2O_5$, %) contents of soils. In this present study, cattle manure application recorded slightly lower forage yields than CF 100% application but the combined use of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer was attribute to reduction of chemical fertilizer application rate as well as maintaining soil health on long-term basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertilizer application rate and number of harvested leaves per plant on selected agronomic, chemical and physical characteristics of burley tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Burley 21) in 1988, 1989 and 1990 at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng SE Tobacco Research Institute. 175.0 or 227.5 kilogram per 10a of compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O= 10-10-20) were applied as main plot, and 2 or 4 of upper leaves was topped off with 0, 2 or 4 of the lower leaves removed as sub plot. Yield, total alkaloid and total nitrogen content of cured leaves were high in the higher level of compound fertilizer plot, and increasing the level of compound fertilizer had an adverse effect on physical characteristics. Reducing the number of harvested leaves had a negative effect on yield regardless of whether the leaf number was reduced by lower topping or removing the bottom leaves, but increased the rate of higher grades leaves. Differences in total alkaloid, total nitrogen and some physical properties among number of harvested leaf per plant were smaller than expected.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.775-780
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• 2010

Over 90% of the livestock excretions were treated and utilized by land application in Korea. Excessive application of the livestock manure as fertilizer has been issued as a main pollutant source in groundwater and watersheds. This study was seasonally conducted to identify the discharging characteristics with a certain artificial rainfall intensity (13 mm/hr) in terms of surface runoff, groundwater, and soil residue mass depending on the livestock manure types. A experimental field was constructed with three different sites that pig liquid fertilizer (LF), cattle manure (CM), and standard (S). The pig liquid fertilizer of 1,200 L and cattle manure of 900 kg were sprayed on each site ($50m^2$). The standard area was firmly prevented from any other contaminants. In the LF site, farmland discharging rate (FDR) was computed as 0.006 in CODcr, 0.015 in TN, and 0.029 in TP, resulted from the mass balance among total injection mass, surface runoff and groundwater. In the CM site, 29% of the nitrogen and phosphorus in each were discharged to the surface, and 64% and 58% of them were remained in the farmland. Surface runoff rate of the CM was higher than that of the LF, resulted from the solid form of the CM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur containing fertilizers on growth, yield and nutritive quality of soybean as affected by lime application at reclaimed soil. Lime application for neutralization requirements showed the effect of increased grain yield about 32% compared to the non application at newly opened land of red and yellow soil. In case of lime application, the sulfur containing fertilizers combined with super phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and gypsum increased the grain yield by 31%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. When lime was not applied, magnesium carbonate application increased the yield by 47%, super phosphate by 22%, and gypsum by 15%. The protein content of grain was higher at lime application than those of non lime application and was increased by the application of sulfur containing fertilizer. But lipid content was not affected by lime or sulfur application. From the above results obtained it was concluded that sulfur fertilizer effect under lime application was significant when combined with super phosphate or ammonium sulfate application. Magnesium carbonate or super phosphate application was the best combination with sulfur-containing fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.399-406
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• 2003

The application of potassium above the optimum level may cause the inhibition of plant growth, fertilizer loss, and environmental pollution. Therefore, application rate of K fertilizer should be recommended on the basis of soil test. In order to determine critical K content in soils causing growth inhibition of vegetables, $1m^2-pot$ experiments with Chinese cabbage and radish were accomplished with various K-application rates. The threshold concentrations of exchangeable potassium causing the inhibition of plant growth were $0.96cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Chinese cabbage in spring, and $1.28cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for radish in autumn. Above those concentration levels, the yields of them were decreased with the increase of potassium levels in soils. Germination rate of Chinese cabbage in spring decreased with increase of the electrical conductivity (EC) of soils due to application of potassium fertilizer. In the harvesting stage, the potassium contents of plant were increased with the increase of K application rate while plant uptake of nutrients was decreased at the K adjustment level of over $2.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$.