• 제목/요약/키워드: fertility inhibition

검색결과 25건 처리시간 0.039초

DILUTION AND SHORT-TERM STORAGE OF COCK SPERMATOZOA BY INHIBITION OF MOTILITY WITH FRUCTOSE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

  • Mohan, J.;Moudgal, R.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제9권6호
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    • pp.705-709
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    • 1996
  • A simplified dilutor for cock spermatozoa at ambient temperature was achieved by adjusting the 5% concentration of fructose in isotonic saline. Motility of cock spermatozoa was arrested completely for maximum 6 hrs without affection the survivability of spermatozoa by employing this sugar. To study the effect of high concentration of fructose on fertility, sperm were inseminated with or without fructose at different hrs. Fructose from semen samples was removed by centrifugation. High fertility obtained in the hens inseminated with fructose free sperm (washed). In addition, washed sperm maintained the 85.00% fertility for 6 hrs in winter season ($17-21^{\circ}C$) and 82.67% fertility for 3 hrs in summer season ($31-35^{\circ}C$). Whereas control groups showed 47.33 and 25.33% fertility in winter and summer season respectively. No significant difference was found in percent motility and live counts between the control and washed experimental groups during winter season. However, these measures differed significantly in summer. Washing of cock spermatozoa more than once, high speed centrifugation and more duration for centrifugation proved harmful to fertility. It may be concluded that fructose (5%) can be used as a motility or metabolic inhibitor of spermatozoa for short-term storage of cock semen at ambient temperatures.

Immature Oocyte-Specific Zap70 and Its Functional Analysis in Regulating Oocyte Maturation

  • Kim, Yun-Na;Kim, Eun-Ju;Kim, Eun-Young;Lee, Hyun-Seo;Kim, Kyeoung-Hwa;Lee, Kyung-Ah
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 2009
  • Previously, we obtained the list of genes differentially expressed between GV and MII oocytes. Out of the list, we focused on functional analysis of Zap70 in the present study, because it has been known to be expressed only in immune cells. This is the first report about the expression and its function of Zap70 in the oocytes. Synthetic 475 bp Zap70 dsRNA was microinjected into the GV oocytes, and the oocytes were cultured in vitro. In addition to maturation rates, meiotic spindle and chromosome rearrangements, and changes in expression levels of transcripts of three kinases, Erk1/2, JNK, and p38, were determined. Zap70 is highly expressed in immature GV oocytes, and gradually decreased as oocyte matured. When dsRNA of Zap70 was injected into the GV oocytes, Zap70 mRNA specifically and completely decreased by 2 hr and its protein expression also decreased significantly. Absence of Zap70 resulted in maturation inhibition at meiosis I (57%) with abnormalities in meiotic spindle formation and chromosome rearrangement. Concurrently, mRNA expression of Erk2, JNK, and p38, were affected by Zap70 RNAi. Therefore, we concluded that Zap70 is involved in MI-MII transition by affecting expression of MAP kinases.

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저출산 원인 확인을 위한 데이터 분석연구 (Data Analysis Research to Analyze the Cause of Low Birth Rate)

  • 이정원;이충호
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.496-498
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    • 2021
  • 우리나라는 1980년 이전 높은 출산율을 기반으로 총인구는 지속적으로 증가하여 왔으며, 1980년대 중반 이후 출산율은 급격하게 떨어지면서 인구대체 수준 이하까지 떨어지게 되었다. 지역 내 저출산의 원인은 자발적 거부라기보다는 지역 사회 구조적인 원인을 다각적으로 파악하여 원인을 찾아내는 것이 필요하다. 여러 지역 중 출산율이 매우 낮은 예산 지역을 기준으로 지역 인터넷 뉴스 및 산모들이 많이 참여하는 지역 대표 카페 데이터를 수집하였다. 인구감소, 저출산, 육아 복지 등에 관하여 이슈화 되었던 동시출현단어의 빈도를 분석하여 출산 저해 원인을 분석하였다.

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Onion peel extract and its constituent, quercetin inhibits human Slo3 in a pH and calcium dependent manner

  • Wijerathne, Tharaka Darshana;Kim, Ji Hyun;Kim, Min Ji;Kim, Chul Young;Chae, Mee Ree;Lee, Sung Won;Lee, Kyu Pil
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.381-392
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    • 2019
  • Sperm function and male fertility are closely related to pH dependent $K^+$ current (KSper) in human sperm, which is most likely composed of Slo3 and its auxiliary subunit leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 52 (LRRC52). Onion peel extract (OPE) and its major active ingredient quercetin are widely used as fertility enhancers; however, the effect of OPE and quercetin on Slo3 has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin on human Slo3 channels. Human Slo3 and LRRC52 were co-transfected into HEK293 cells and pharmacological properties were studied with the whole cell patch clamp technique. We successfully expressed and measured pH sensitive and calcium insensitive Slo3 currents in HEK293 cells. We found that OPE and its key ingredient quercetin inhibit Slo3 currents. Inhibition by quercetin is dose dependent and this degree of inhibition decreases with elevating internal alkalization and internal free calcium concentrations. Functional moieties in the quercetin polyphenolic ring govern the degree of inhibition of Slo3 by quercetin, and the composition of such functional moieties are sensitive to the pH of the medium. These results suggest that quercetin inhibits Slo3 in a pH and calcium dependent manner. Therefore, we surmise that quercetin induced depolarization in spermatozoa may enhance the voltage gated proton channel (Hv1), and activate non-selective cation channels of sperm (CatSper) dependent calcium influx to trigger sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.

우(牛), 돈(豚)에서 분리(分離)한 Salmonella유래(由來) R plasmid의 유전학적(遺傳學的) 및 분자생물학적(分子生物學的) 성상(性狀)에 관한 연구(硏究) II. R plasmid의 비적합성(非適合性) 및 plasmid profile (Genentic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella isolates of swine and bovine origin in Korea II. Incompatibility and profile of R plasmid)

  • 최원필;이희석;여상건;이헌준;정석찬
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 1989
  • This paper deals with the genetic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella originated from pigs and cattle. The plasmid DNA was examined for incompatibility, stability and fertility inhibition(Fi), and gel electrophoresis was performed for isolation of plasmid DNA. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Among the 66 conjugative R plasmids from 44 pigs and 22 cattle, 61 R plasmids (92.4%) were $Fi^-$, whereas the remainder were $Fi^+$. 2. The Inc groups of 66 R plasmids were determined with 7 standard plasmids. Twenty-six R plasmids were classified into Inc group $I{\alpha}$, H1, H2 or F1, 40 R plasmids being not classified with standard plasmids used, and the Inc group $I{\alpha}$ (57.7%) was most frequent. 3. Inc groups $I{\alpha}$, H1, and F1 were identified in strains from swine, Inc groups H2 and F1 from cattle. 4. The plasmid DNA profiles in 16 Salmonella isolated from pigs and cattle were confirmed as being 1 to 10 fragments by the gel eletrophoresis. Their molecular weight ranged 1.0 to 90 megadalton. 5. The molecular weight of conjugative plasmids ranged 1.0 to 80 megadalton in 4 Salmonella (P-4, P-5, P-7 and P-8) isolated from pigs.

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Arabidopsis Histidine-containing Phosphotransfer Factor 4 (AHP4) Negatively Regulates Secondary Wall Thickening of the Anther Endothecium during Flowering

  • Jung, Kwang Wook;Oh, Seung-Ick;Kim, Yun Young;Yoo, Kyoung Shin;Cui, Mei Hua;Shin, Jeong Sheop
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.294-300
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    • 2008
  • Cytokinins are essential hormones in plant development. $\underline{A}$rabidopsis $\underline{h}$istidine-containing $\underline{p}$hosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) are mediators in a multistep phosphorelay pathway for cytokinin signaling. The exact role of AHP4 has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated young flower-specific expression of AHP4, and compared AHP4-overexpressing (Ox) trangenic Arabidopsis lines and an ahp4 knock-out line. AHP4-Ox plants had reduced fertility due to a lack of secondary cell wall thickening in the anther endothecium and inhibition of IRREGURAR XYLEMs (IRXs) expression in young flowers. Conversely, ahp4 anthers had more lignified anther walls than the wild type, and increased IRXs expression. Our study indicates that AHP4 negatively regulates thickening of the secondary cell wall of the anther endothecium, and provides new insight into the role of cytokinins in formation of secondary cell walls via the action of AHP4.

BREEDING EXPERIMENT ON MUTATION INDUCTION BY IRRADIATION (2) Effects of X-ray and Thermal Neutron Irradiation on Dry Seeds of Chinese Cabbage and Radish.

  • Kim, Dawng Woo;Kim, Yang Choon;Cho, Mi Kyung
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1962
  • 1) Germination rate was rather irregular than decreasing as increasing dose of radiation and there were no differences between Kyong-Sam and Chuong-Bang of Chinese cabbage. 2) In R1 generation, abnormal leaves from seedling of irradiated seeds were observed. These were more apparent in X-ray irradiation than in thermal neutron. 3) Seedling height was inhibited with increasing dose of X-ray and thermal neutrons. Growth inhibition was more remarkable in X-ray than in thermal neutron. Kyong-Sam demonstrated more sensitivity than Chyong-Bang in both X-ray and thermal neutron. 4) Seedling height produced from seeds subjected to thermal neutrons showed small variation around its mean value, while in X-irradiation there was a greater deviaton from the mean value. 5) Fertility was decreased as increasing with dose, while the frequency of abortive pollen was increased. There were variability of the fertility and frequency of abortive pollen among plants or branches of a plant. 6) The mutants were obtained more in thermal neutron irradiation than in X-ray. The types of mutations obtained in Chinese radish of R2 generation were abnormal leaf, densely glowing leaf, degeneration in growing point and dwarf. The maximum frequency of phenotypic mutations was abnormal leaf mutation.

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수도의 장해형 냉해에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Effect of Low Temperature Treatment at Meiotic, Heading and Seedling Stage in Paddy Rice)

  • 이홍석;조형열;임병기;허 훈
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제15권
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 1974
  • 수도의 불임을 유발하는 조건을 분명히 하고 불임의 원인을 추구하고저 4품종, 3수준의 처리 온도, 3수준의 처리 기간을 조합한 시험과 내냉성 정도의 품종간 차이를 분명히 하고 생육 각기에 있어서의 품종의 내냉성 정도의 상호 관계를 알고저 우리나라의 중요 19품종을 공시 품종으로 저온 처리를 실시한 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 감수분열기의 저온 처리의 영향은 품종에 따라 다르고 수원 213-1에서는 17.5$^{\circ}C$ㆍ3일간의 처리로도 상당한 불임 현상이 나타났지만 Hayayuki, 농백, 진흥에서는 15$^{\circ}C$ㆍ3일간 또는 17.5$^{\circ}C$.5일간 처리로서 약간의 불임율을 나타내었다. 저온 처리에 의한 임실율의 저하는 품종에 따라 출수지연일수, 이삭의 추출도(수원 213-1, 농백, 진흥) 간장(농백, 수원 213-1), 엽이간장(수원 213-1) 등과 유의적 상관 관계를 보였다. 따라서 수원 213-1 및 농백에서는 이삭의 추출도와 임실율과의 회귀직선식으로부터 불임율을 어느 정도 추정할 수 가 있었다. 냉해 정도가 심한 것은 대체로 약 중의 화분 밀도가 낮고 화분의 크기가 작거나, 약 및 화분의 크기가 불균일하고 불임화분이 많았고 수원 213-1에서는 출수 5일후에 개약하지 않은 것이 없었으나 농백, 진흥, Hayayuki에서는 미개약된 것이 많은 경향이었다. 2. 출수기 처리의 경우에도 대체로 감수분열기 처리에 비하여 불임율이 별로 높지 않았으며 양시기 처리 시의 임실율 간에는 유의적 상관이 인정되었으나 농백과 진흥에 있어서는 15$^{\circ}C$.5일간의 처리로도 임실율에 별로 영향하지 않았다. Hayayuki 및 수원 213-1에서는 처리에 의한 미개약 현상이 있었으나 농백 및 진흥에서는 미개약 현상도 많이 볼 수 있었다. 3. 감수분열기의 저온 처리에 의하여 임실율의 저하로 나타난 내냉성 정도에는 품종간에 현저한 차이가 있고 재건, 진흥 등은 임실율이 별로 떨어지지 않았으나 밀성, 수원 8002, Satominoli, 수원 231-1 등은 임실율이 심히 떨어 졌고 출수 지연도 컸다. 임실율이 떨어지는 품종들은 일반적으로 약내 화분 밀도가 낮거나 약의 형태가 비정상인 것이 많거나, 화분의 크기가 적거나, 불임 화분이 많은 경향이었다. 4. 출수기 처리 시에도 불일율의 품종 간 차이는 현저하여 농백, 진흥, 재건, 팔달, Akibare, 밀성, 팔굉 등은 거의 처리의 영향이 없었고 농림나 001, 수성, Hayayuki, 수원 213-1, 수원 210 등은 임실율이 상당히 낮았다. 일반적으로 감수분열기 처리에 비하면 임실율은 약간 높은 편이지만 Hayayuki, 수성, 농림나 001 등은 출수기 처리에서 오히려 임실율이 낮았다. 또 처리 종료 후에는 품종에 따라 미개약 영화가 많은 품종과 개화 수분이 모두 이루어지지만 불임이 되는 품종도 볼 수 있었다. 5. 냉해의 유묘 검정 결과에서 관찰조사와 처리에 의한 생육 억제 정도와는 반드시 일치하지 않았으나 종합적으로 볼 때 제 002, 팔금, 수성 등은 냉해에 강하고 수원 213-1, 재건, 팔달, Shirogane, 팔굉, 만경 등은 약하였다. 6. 감수분열기 및 출수기 처리 시의 일심율과 유묘 시의 냉해 정도 및 생육 억제 정도 등의 상호 관계를 살펴본 즉 대체로 유의적 상관을 보이지 않았다.

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감초의 효능과 독성 (Pharmalogical Effects and Toxicity of Licorice)

  • 박영철;이선동;이인선
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.301-309
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    • 2002
  • Licorice has been wed in clinical medicine for thousands of years. However it is only in recent times that we have been able to employ scientific methods to prove its efficacy and to give us a better understanding of its mechanism of action. One of important mechanisms for its efficacy is related to mineralocorticoid activity increased by glycyrrhizic acid, the active ingredient in licorice. Also the main undesirable side-effects of Licorice relate to is mineralocorticoid activity resulting in a state of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). These therapeutic and undesirable effects are explained by the inhibition of 11-$\beta$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-$\beta$-HSD) activity. Recently, the reduction of serum testosterone in men by licorice was reported which would have important health implications in the context of fertility and sexual dysfunction. Here, health implication of licorice were reviewed In term of its pharmacodynamic and toxicodynamic mechanism.

What factors reduce the yield potentiality in high-yielding rice?

  • Kobata, Tohru;Yoshida, Haruka;Masiko, Uukina;Honda, Tohru;Ishi, Hibiki;Iwasaki, Hiroyuki
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.19-19
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    • 2017
  • The indica ${\times}$ japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars released in Japan since 1980 are high-yielding. However, occasionally in these cultivars their high yield potentials cannot be realized, particularly depending on climate conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the reason for yield instability and the critical yield component factor causing lower grain yield in these high-yielding cultivars. Standard-yield japonica, high-yielding japonica-dominant, and indica-dominant cultivars were grown in western Japan. Rough grain yield (RY) in these high-yielding cultivars ranged from 450 to $980g\;m^{-2}$, and was positively correlated with potential grain yield (PRY). By fluctuations of solar radiation, RY changed with spikelet number (SNO), and SNO was correlated with cumulative radiation during the panicle formation period of 30 days before heading. Even if higher SNO was achieved under higher radiant conditions, RY was lower than PRY. The lower grain-filling in plants bearing higher SNO resulted from a lower filling percentage of spikelets (%F, RY/PRY), and %F was strongly correlated with spikelet fertility (%S) across all cultivars. %S was highly influenced by cumulative radiation per PRY during pollen development and establishment around heading. Inhibition of assimilation by leaf removal lowered %S. Conversely, stem thinning and removal of upper panicles around heading increased %S in spikelets of the lower part of the panicle in which sterility was higher. These results suggest that limitation of assimilate-supply due to low irradiance at the spikelet-formation and flowering stages restrains the potential of the high-yielding cultivars, depending on reduction of SNO and %S, respectively.

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