• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.349-353
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• 1998

It has been well known that infertile women experience not only emotional disturbance but also stress. But there is no concern about male infertility patients. So phychiatric symptoms were studied with SCL-90 (Symptom Check List-90) in 30 infertile men who was operated testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in Samsung Cheil Hospital and in age matched 31 fertile men from Jan. 1998 to Aug. 1998. In 5 symptom dimensions (Obcessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Phobic anxiety, Psychoticisim) scores. The Infertile group scored significantly higher than the control group. The result revealed that infertile men also experienced substantially more psychiatric symptoms than fertile men. Considering this results, psychiatric evaluation and tender care by infertility specialist are necessary for infertile men during and after evaluation and treatment.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2011

This study is to identify the related factors for birth bringing-up from 544 women from 20s to 40s who can be pregnant residing in Busan in order to explore the method for birth encouragement in the midst of the low birth reality in Korea. It was revealed from the research result that the married women who have a birth plan recognize the marriage and the value of the children more importantly than the economical burden. In addition, it was known that the wished number of the children for unmarried women was influenced most greatly by the marriage and the value of the children. The expectation of the institutional supporting for the birth encouragement was the consideration for the time of bringing up and support to returning to the labor market after the birth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate psychological distress and fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) in infertile Korean women, and to investigate whether a correlation exists between psychological distress and FertiQoL. Methods: Participants in this study were made up of 141 infertile women and 65 fertile women. We conducted a survey on psychological distress (using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales [DASS]-42 questionnaire) and administered a FertiQoL questionnaire. The levels of stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] and cortisol) in serum were assessed. Results: The scores for depression ($13.7{\pm}8.4$), anxiety ($10.7{\pm}6.4$), and stress ($18.0{\pm}8.3$) among the infertile women were significantly higher than the scores for depression ($9.4{\pm}7.5$), anxiety ($6.6{\pm}6.0$), and stress ($12.2{\pm}8.3$, p<0.001) among the fertile women. There was no difference in the scores for depression ($13.5{\pm}8.2$, $13.8{\pm}8.6$), anxiety ($10.0{\pm}6.2$, $11.5{\pm}6.6$) and stress ($17.7{\pm}8.4$, $18.4{\pm}8.1$) between younger (${\leq}34$) and older (${\geq}35$) participants. The mind-body (r =-0.495) and emotional (r =-0.590) subscales showed a higher negative correlation with stress compared with other scales of psychological distress. At the same time, the social (r =-0.537) and relational (r =-0.385) subscales showed a higher negative correlation with depression. Levels of cortisol and ACTH in infertile women were $9.1{\mu}g/mL$ and 11.9 pg/mL, respectively, which are within normal ranges. Conclusion: The levels of psychological distress and quality of life in infertile Korean women seem to require psychological intervention. This study provides a baseline measurement of psychological distress and FertiQoL in infertile women in Korea, which will be available for developing psychological interventions for infertile Korean women.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 1999

This study was conducted in May of 1996 to December of 1996 in order to investigate the status of rubella antibodies in the women of childbearing age. The subjects were 543 fertile women (Ages 21-42 years). ELISA method was used for the detection of rubella antibodies and then questionaire survey was performed to know about the variables of past history of rubella. past rubella immunization. parity and cognition. The results were as follows: 1. The Positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody in total subjects was $65.0\%$. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was $72.2\%$ in 21-25 age group. $71.4\%$ in 26-30 age group. $54.5\%$ in 31-35 age group, $52.6\%$ in 36-42 age group. As age increased, the positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased. There was statistically significant difference by age group(P=0.00l). In the subjects with a history of rubella immunization, the positive rate of rubella IgG antibody was $81.8\%$, and in those with past history of rubella was $83.3\%$ of positive rate. 2, Cognition rate about rubella immunization showed $50.8\%$ in total subjects. and there was no significant difference between parity and cognition rate of rubella immunization(P=0.85l). observed a low positive rate of rubella IgG antibody as compaired with other studies. Therefore, to prevent congenital rubella infection, rubella immunization was needed for unmarried women.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2017

Interchromosomal insertion of Y chromosome heterochromatin in an autosome was identified in a fetus and a family. A fetal karyotype was analyzed as 46,XX,dup(7)(?q22q21.1) in a referred amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation for advanced maternal age. In the familial karyotype analyses for identification of der(7), the mother, the first daughter and the maternal grandmother showed the same der(7) as the fetus's. CBG-banding was positive at 7q22 region of der(7) that indicated inserted material was originated from heterochromatin. The origin of heterochromatic insertion region in der(7) of the fetus and the mother was found in Yq12 region by fluorescent in situ hybridization with a DYZ1 probe. In the specific analysis of Y chromosomal heterochromatic region of ins(7;Y) of the mother, 15 sequence tagged sites from Yp11.3 region including SRY to Yq11.223 region was not detected. Final karyotypes of the mother, the first daughter and the maternal grandmother were reported as 46,XX,der(7)ins(7;Y)(q21.3;q12q12). All female carriers of ins(7;Y) in the family showed normal phenotype and the mother and the maternal grandmother were fertile. A healthy girl was born at term. We report a rare case of familial interchromosomal insertion of Y chromosome heterochromatin detected only in female family members with normal phenotype that was diagnosed prenatally.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1986

During the past decade great advance has been made in contraceptive technology. The development and subsequent modification of oral steroid contraceptive together with the improved design of other contraceptives have tremendously altered the contraceptive practise of complete throughout the world. At the present time one of most complex issue is the population explosion. In Korea the population growth rate is remarkably decreased from 3% in 1960s to 1.7% in 1984. Increasing proportion of women practising family planning and improved contraceptive methods have contributed on remarkable reduction of fertility rate. But still about half of married women not involved in family planning practise. One of the reasons why that so many women haven't participated in family planning should be undesirable side effects or inconvenience of currently available contraceptives. So we need more research to develop newer, safer and more effective contraceptive to solve the problems. According to recent report on the family planning program achievement in Korea, sterilization (male and female) is most popular, leading contraceptive method (330 cases/1000 fertile persons) and the I.U.D. (167.5/1000), condom (132.9/1000) and oral pill (61.1/1000) were followed by in the order of favorite choice of contraceptive (KIPH, Family planning evaluation report, 1984; KIPH Family plan Service Statistics, 1981-1984). In present paper the present status and knowledge of contraceptives will be summarized.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2008

According to the research taken by the National Statistical Office, the fertility rate of a Korean fertile female is 1.17. This figure is the lowest in the world, and the reduction in the fertility rate over the last 30 years was the biggest in the world. It can be seen as a warning alarm about the effects of a low birth rate and a silver society. Assuming that there are several factors involved in this phenomenon, this study inquired into the attitude towards children, attitude towards nourishing children, attitude towards sex roles and the harmony between the jobs and families of married females, and examined the factors that influence the willingness to give birth. Final 581 copies of the survey questionnaire were used for analysis and the collected data were analysed by SPSS, Pearson's correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Three main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the value variables, such as sex-role attitudes and the preference for work or home, affect the willingness to give birth. Therefore, it can be said that one's values have a significant effect on these variables and the willingness to give birth. Secondly, both working morns and housewives have a strong tendency to give a birth if they are supported on child rearing. Finally, the employment of the married women itself can be a variable that can affect childbirth. In other words, the working hours affect employed married women so as sex-role attitudes, the preference between work and home, ideal number of children, and the income to housewives. Also, even in whole married women, the employment itself can be a major factor of the willingness to have a baby. Therefore, unemployed married women have more of a tendency to have children than employed married women.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2017

Purpose: This research aimed to study the awareness of marriage, childbirth, fertility and high-risk pregnancy among university students. Methods: 250 university students from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do completed questionnaires regarding their awareness on marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy. Results: The average age of participants was 22.5. The ideal marriage age was 29.8. 201 (80.4%) participants had an intention of getting married, and 160 (60.4%) answered they should have children. The ideal age of first childbirth was 30.4 and last childbirth was 35.1. There were 126 (50.4%) with prior education regarding high-risk pregnancy, subfertility or infertility. The score of needs for education associated with pregnancy was 7.6 out of 10. The average correct answer rate of awareness of fertility issues was 30.7%. There were significant differences between men and women, 25% of men and 38% of women overestimated the age at women are most fertile. Only 23.7% of men and 25.9% of women knew the correct age when there was marked decrease in women's fertility. Conclusion: Awareness of a lack of marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy may influence future family planning and health. These results can be used to plan programs or education for marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

목 적: 자궁내막증과 이로 인한 불임의 원인인 면역학적 인자 중 세포-매개성 면역계의 변화 양상을 규명하기 위하여 자궁내막증 환자와 자궁내막중이 없는 환자의 복강 액을 채취하여 면역 세포의 분포양상을 비교 분석하고자 IL-6와 TNF-${\alpha}$를 측정하였다. 연구방법: 자궁내막증으로 육안적 또는 조직검사로 확진된 환자 또는 불임검사를 위해 진단적 복강경을 시행한 34명을 연구군으로 등록하였으며 본 연구 이전에 자궁내막증과 관련된 어떠한 치료도 받은 적이 없거나 복강경 시술이나 개복수술과정에서 자궁내막증 소견과 증상이 없는 환자 37명을 대조군으로 하였다. 두 군의 복강 액을 추출한 다음 30분 이내에 $400g{\times}10$분 동안 원심분리 후 상층액만 검사용기에 모아 밀봉한 후 $-70^{\circ}C$ 냉동실에 보관하여 IL-6와 TNF-${\alpha}$의 농도를 "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA: R & D Systems, Minnepolis, MN)로 측정하였다. 결 과: 1. 복강 액의 IL-6의 농도는 자궁내막증으로 확진된 연구군에서는 $38.9{\pm}19.7pg/ml$으로 대조군의 $22.4{\pm}10.2pg/ml$보다 유의하게 증가하였고 (p=0.02), TNF-${\alpha}$의 농도도 자궁내막증이 있는 여성에서 $20.6{\pm}8.6pg/ml$로 대조군의 $6.2{\pm}3.5pg/ml$보다 유의하게 증가하였다 (p=0.01). 2. 자궁내막증여성의 생리주기별 농도에서 IL-6은 증식기보다 분비기에 유의하게 증가한 반면 (p=0.01), TNF-${\alpha}$는 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 3. IL-6은 가임여성보다 불임여성에서 유의하게 증가하였고 (p=0.03), TNF-${\alpha}$는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p>0.05). 4. IL-6과 TNF-${\alpha}$ 모두 대조군과 자궁내막증 병기 I과 II는 통계학적인 유의성은 없었으나 병기 III과 IV는 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 결 론: 자궁내막증인 환자의 복강 액에서 IL-6와 TNF-${\alpha}$가 증가하여 자궁내막증의 생성과 유지, 증상발현에 관여하며 불임의 유발 요인으로 여겨지나 향후 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 연구와 자궁내막증과 각종 cytokine과의 상호 연관관계에 대한 연구가 더 많이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.531-534
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• 2003

5년 전 침윤기태(invasive mole)로 진단받았던 43세 여자가 심폐 바이패스 하에 응급 폐색전 제거술을 시행 받았다. 우측 주폐동맥뿐 아니라 좌하엽 폐동맥에도 종양이 침범되어 완전절제는 얻을 수 없었다. 종양 조직검사에서 융모막 암종으로 확진된 후 환자는 6개월 동안 항암치료를 받았고 완전관해 되었다. 드물지만 가임기 여성에서 폐색전이 있을 때 감별진단으로 융모막 암종을 고려해야 한다.