• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.481-494
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• 2020

Objectives: No study has been conducted to review characteristics of humidifier disinfectants (HD) products, such as real numbers, levels and types of HD substances contained, or the volume marketed. We aimed to review the characteristics of HD through a literature review. Methods: We collected literature reporting the names, numbers, and ingredients of HD and discussed them with a focus on the number of HD products and the chemicals used as a disinfectant. Results: A total of eight publications has reported the names of HD brands or types of disinfectants from 2011 to 2020. To date, a total of 40 HD products have been used, excluding four products. Eight HD products used polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and 14 used a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) as disinfectants. Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) were also used as a disinfectant in several HD products. A total of 19 HD products were associated with the development of HD associated lung injury (HDLI). The Oxy Saksak HD product containing PHMG showed the highest number of HD associated health effects. The type of disinfectant from a total of 14 HD products has not been identified. Conclusions: A total of 40 HD products have been marketed in South Korea since 1994. Further studies should be conducted to identify the association of product characteristics, including type of HD ingredients, with health effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

The disasters in Korea, such as the Sewol Ferry Ship sinking disaster has had problems related to the medical response system, with the problems of emergency medical support team in the site, the cooperation between medical staff and fire department officer at disaster site, field medical support and hospital acceptance of the wounded in trouble, the lack of specific systematic medical response manual. Therefore, from May 2014, when the disaster emergency information center in Central Emergency Medical Center starts, collection, modification and education of scattered preexisting disaster emergency medical manual had appeared as important issues. So, it was necessary to develop the early medical response system to disaster. The correction planning of disaster emergency medical response system by Central Emergency Medical Center included quick response system with the fast medical team operation, but the practical application was not enough. So the researcher and his team developed the first Korean disaster emergency medical response manual and the process of development was documented and arranged with the application by education and training.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Recently, many ships such as VLCCs, dangerous cargo ships, high speed ferry boats are visiting Yeosu, Gwangyang harbor. The traffic volume of the year 2003 has increased as many as 2.5 times of 1988. However there is no suitable ships' routeing system which takes account of today's traffic situations in this area This study aims at the settling of hazardous factors to mitigate the danger to vessels in Yeosu${\cdot}$Gwangyang bay and to secure the safety of maritime environment.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1066-1074
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• 2014

In this paper, we present a visual analytics system that uses serial-correlation to detect an abnormal event in spatio-temporal data. Our approach extracts the topic-model from spatio-temporal tweets and then filters the abnormal event candidates using a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on Loess smoothing (STL). We re-extract the topic from the candidates, and then, we apply STL to the second candidate. Finally, we analyze the serial-correlation between the first candidates and the second candidate in order to detect abnormal events. We have used a visual analytic approach to detect the abnormal events, and therefore, the users can intuitively analyze abnormal event trends and cyclical patterns. For the case study, we have verified our visual analytics system by analyzing information related to two different events: the 'Gyeongju Mauna Resort collapse' and the 'Jindo-ferry sinking'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

After the Se-wol ferry disaster in Korea, the safety issue was highly spotlighted in a number of media, and consequently the ministry of public safety and security was newly established under the public attention. In addition to this, a recent earthquake in Gyeonju suggested the training issues for public such as evacuation and public safety. Regarding the industry, one of significant reasons causing the accidents were inadequate training, in execution of safety manual or inexperienced first response. Although the engineering or scientific study provided a basis of the industry safety and health in Korea a study focusing on the safety and health education system should be highlighted in that the law is the only way to execute the policy. In this manner, the goal of current study was to compare the safety and health education system in Korea to other countries including America, England and Germany. Especially, the law for training method, contents, supervision and punishment was analyzed. Result showed (1) lack of a structured training course for educating safety and health education trainer, (2) no training system of safety and health education to public or workers, and (3) less specific law for supervision and punishment as compared to the America, England and Germany.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2020

Purpose: To determine the long-term efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), in pediatric luminal Crohn's disease (CD) by performing a systematic literature review. Methods: An electronic search was performed in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 26, 2019. Eligible studies were cohort studies with observation periods that exceeded 1 year. Studies that reported time-to-event analyses were included. Events were defined as discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy for secondary loss of response. We extracted the probabilities of continuing anti-TNF therapy 1, 2, and 3 years after initiation. Results: In total, 2,464 papers were screened, 94 were selected for full text review, and 13 studies (11 on IFX, 2 on ADA) met our eligibility criteria for inclusion. After 1 year, 83-97% of patients were still receiving IFX therapy. After 2 and 3 years the probability of continuing IFX therapy decreased to 67-91% and 61-85%, respectively. In total, 5 of the 11 studies subgrouped by concomitant medication consistently showed that the probabilities of continuing IFX therapy in patients with prolonged immunomodulator use were higher than those in patients on IFX monotherapy. Conclusion: This review of real-world evidence studies confirms the long-term therapeutic benefit of IFX therapy in diverse cohorts of children with luminal CD. Moreover, it supports the view that combination therapy with an immunomodulator prolongs the durability of IFX therapy in patients who previously failed to recover following first-line therapy. The limited number of time-to-event studies in patients on ADA prevented us from drawing definite conclusions about its long-term efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.103-124
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the research trends of disaster in Korea through a bibliometric analysis. To do that, it analyzed 772 scholarly articles published from 2002 to 2016, retrieved from KCI (Korean Citation Index) database. For analysis, discipline profiling analysis, journal profiling analysis, and co-word analysis methods were used. The study found that the number of scholarly articles on disaster has increased, especially after Sewol ferry disaster occurred in 2004. The major discipline areas were identified as 'policy sciences/public administration' area, 'engineering' area, 'GIS/telecommunication' area, and 'medical/humanities/social sciences' area. In terms of time series, the proportion of scholarly articles published in 'policy sciences/public administration' area has decreased since 2014 and at the same time, discipline areas have been diversified including law, medical, and journalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

Air pollution associated with the SOx emission from the shipboard propulsion and generation engines is becoming one of the major environmental concerns these days. Lead by the international organizations including IMO and European Union, a significantly strengthened air pollution related regulations have been introduced and they are becoming in practice as scheduled. Such rules are basically giving the guidelines for permissible SOx emission which can be only met by using high quality fuel oils with less sulfur content or operating scrubbing systems aiming at reducing SOx at the engine exhaust. Since both countermeasures can lead to the cost increase in ship building and operation, Korean shipbuilding industries, leading the world's market, need to be well aware of the ever changing regulations and be prepared with proper solutions. Here, we briefly summarize such latest rules and regulations on the air pollution at sea, and review some technical issues on the scrubbing systems available with some suggestions.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Recently, vessel's average speed in the sea becomes fast because of the increasing of high-speeds vessel like a container ship and ferry. So, it is considered that speed control in the korean narrow waterway isn't the proper vessel traffic management, now. And, there is a rare paper studied about speed control quantitatively and numerically, especially speed control is discussing continuously, as abrogation of Incheon Port's speed control and alleviation of Kwangyang Port's speed control a according to navigating mariner's request. After this paper replayed the navigation traffic flow in the straight waterway using marine traffic flow simulation, the Environmental Stress Model is introduced to evaluate difficulty of each vessel's traffic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2018

A satirical cartoon is a time-limited medium in the context of specific social phenomena. On the other hand, satirical cartoons based on 'Sewolho' was published with 74 works by Kyunghyang Shinmun and 46 works by Joongang Ilbo. This is because it is a social phenomenon with a special meaning that satirical cartoons based on 'Sewolho' is a political issue that is called out of time constraints. In this study, I compared and analyzed the expressive elements of Kyunghyang Shinmun and Joongang Ilbo in the social phenomenon 'Sewolho'. The elements of the character, frame, and speech bubble which are the picture elements of satirical cartoons, combine to form the narrative structure. And the elements of the Speech, name and commentary which are also the same. The results of this study are meaningful that the analysis of the narrative structure through the expressive elements of satirical cartoons is meaningful by comparing and analyzing the satirical cartoons of two newspapers with different tendencies.