• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1997

Distribution and persistence of fenitrothion in rats were studied following oral administration of a single dose 300 mg/kg of body weight. Residue of the parent compound was analyzed in blood, liver, kidney, brain, lung and heart 2, 4, 6, 8 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after oral administration. The maximum concentration of fenitrothion appeared in the blood, kidney, heart on the 2 hour and liver, brain, lung on the 4 hour. Residues of the parent compound in kidney were much higher and persistent than other tissues and the pesticide was not detected on the 7th day. Recoveries were ranged from 83.0(lung, $1 \mu g/g$) to 97.5%(blood, $1.5 \mu g/ml$).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine characteristics of residual pesticides in time-dependent manner and calculate half-lives of the residual pesticides in fresh and dried Chinese matrimony vine. In addition, processing factors were calculated based on the residual concentrations in them. METHODS AND RESULTS: The test pesticides, etofenprox and fenitrothion, were sprayed onto the Chinese matrimony vine plants at once or twice (at seven-day interval) and then samples were collected at 0 (after 3 hours), 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the last spraying. Dried samples were prepared in hot-air drying oven at $60^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours until water content of less than 20%. Residual concentrations of etofenprox in fresh and dried samples decreased by 54.0-60.9% after 7 days of the last pesticide-application. In case of fenitrothion, the concentrations were found to have decreased by 69.2-76.5%. Processing factors of etofenprox were 2.6-3.0 for the one-time spraying and 2.5-3.0 for the two-time spraying and those of fenitrothion were found to be 1.5-22 for the one-time spraying and 1.6-2.0 for the two-time spraying. First half-lives of etofenprox and fenitrothion in fresh and dried samples ranged from 5.0 to 6.3 and from 3.4 to 4.0 days, respectively. The third half-lives were found to be 15.0-18.9 and 10.2-12.1 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: Residual concentrations of the tested pesticides in the studied crop decreased, but those in the dried samples appeared to have increased. In addition, processing factor and half life were constant regardless of spraying times.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1997

This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the elimination of fenitrothion residues during the dietary fiber and bioflavonoid preparations from mandarin orange peels. Dietary fibers were prepared from contaminated mandarin orange peels through homogenization, enzyme treatment, ethanol precipitation, acetone washing and air drying, at the yields of 17.4% total dietary fiber, 13.1% insoluble dietary fiber and 1.7% soluble dietary fiber. The removal rate of fenitrothion residues at 13 and 0.5 ppm levels in orange peels was 98.4% and 91.9% in total dietary fiber, 99.7% and 97.1% in insoluble dietary fiber, 100% and 99.6% in soluble dietary fiber, respectively. When bioflavonoid was prepared from contaminated mandarin orange peels through homogenization, soaking, ethanol precipitation, hexane and butanol extractions, the removal rate of fenitrothion residues was 92.7% in intermediate extract and 100% in final extract.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.1 s.22
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• pp.29-33
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• 1975

The experiment It·as conducted to find out the distribution of fenitrothion in rice plants at the preheading stage and its residue in harvested grains. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Distribution of fenitrothion in rice plants were measured 15.32 ppm attached to the leaf surface immediately after spray and 6.73 ppm was penetrated into tissues after 24 hours. 2. Residual amounts of fenitrothion in rice grains was 0.04 ppm at chaff and 0.01 ppm at unpolished rice, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2010

Jinpi(Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium) is one of the most important material of oriental herbal medicine which is made from the peel of mandarin by washing with hot water and drying. Pesticides have necessarily used for mandarin cultivation according to their preharvest intervals (PHIs) but their maximum residue limits (MRLs) and PHIs for Jinpi are not established yet. This study is to know residue amount of organophosphorus insecticides in Jinpi and to establish the MRLs and PHIs for fenitrothion and phenthoate in Jinpi. Fenitrothion was sprayed once, twice and three times with 7 days interval before harvest. Its residue amount ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 mg/kg in mandarin, 0.59 to 4.02 mg/kg in its peel and 1.66 to 22.38 mg/kg in Jinpi. In case of phenthoate, it was sprayed with 10 days interval for 10 days before harvest. Its residue amounts in mandarin, its peel, and Jinpi ranged from 0.16 to 0.65, 0.69 to 2.41 and 1.69 to 11.3 mg/kg, repectively. Proposed MRLs of fenitrothion and phenthoate for Jinpi are suggested to 22.39 and 11.30 mg/kg, respectively. So we recommend PHIs of the pesticides that fenitrothion can be sprayed 3 times 7 days before harvest and in case of phenthoate, sprayed 3 times 10 days before harvest.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

This study was carried out to survey residual characteristics of pesticide in fresh ginsengs collected from 45 markets at 15 regions in Korea using multiresidue analysis with a GC-MS/MS and an LC-MS/MS. After residue analysis was performed, the pesticides detected from ginsengs were quantitated using their analytical methods validated by recovery tests with a GC-ECD/NPD. As a results of analysis of pesticide residue, cypermethrin, fenitrothion, fludioxonil, thifluzamide, and tolclofos-methyl were detected from 16 samples among 45 samples in total, indicating detection rate was 35.6%. Tolclofos-methyl was found to be highest in detection frequency in ginseng. Fenitrothion that has not established maximum residue limit and pre-harvest interval for ginseng was detected. The amounts of all pesticides detected were less than their MRLs. Ratios of estimated daily intakes to acceptable daily intakes of the detected pesticides in ginseng were found to be from 0.03 to 16.67%.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

It is investigated to determine the removal efficiency of organic - phosphorus insecticide residues in lettuce by washing processes, the 5 washing solution (stagnant tap water, flowing tap water, alkaline solution, acidic solution) were used with the washing time(10, 30, 50sec) and frequencies(1, 2, 3 washing, 2 rinsing). The removal efficiency of residual pesticides by 5 washing methods was increased on the more washing time and frequency, and also was the highest on the 3 times washing for each 50 sec. The removal rate with stagnant tap water was 33.7% of Diazinon, 45.7% of Dimethoate and 24.6% of Fenitrothion, but 29.4% of Diazinon, 37.7% of Dimethoate and 24.5% of Fenitrothion with flowing tap water. Therefore, the former was significantly higher effective than the latter one. The removal rate of residual pesticides with alkaline solution showed 32.1% of Diazinon, 49.5% of Dimethoate and 29.9% of Fenitrothion, and 30.4% of Diazinon, 36.4% of Dimethoate and 21.0% of Fenitrothion with acidic solution. The washing efficiency of neutral detergent showed the most effective result than others with 47.1% of Diazinon, 58.0% of Dimethoate and 39.5% of Fenitrothion. Consequently, it's appeared that the neural detergent washing was the most effective method on the 3 times washing for each 50 sec.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2018

Pesticides are widely sprayed by the growers in street trees and planting areas which include urban forests, community forests and city parks to control pests. Spraying pesticides not only affect the people who sprayed but also affect the unspecified citizens who's are exposed to pesticides sprayed trees by contact or inhalation. A few studies have been conducted to measure the amount of pesticides in forest area but no studies have been conducted to measure the pesticide amount in tree in public living space. So, in our study, we investigated the amount of pesticides in cotton gloves, in leaf residue, and respiratory exposure for a certain period of time after applying Fenitrothion EC to Korean boxweed tree (Buxus Koreana) to know the safety time of pesticides after spraying. We found that, up to 4d, there was no significant difference of the amount of Fenitrothion on leaves. But the amount of pesticides on gloves was significantly higher on 1h ($510.1{\mu}g$) and 24h ($405.4{\mu}g$) than 48h ($45.0{\mu}g$) after spraying. The amount of pesticides on inhalation was also significantly higher in 1 h ($0.2{\mu}g$) and 24 h ($0.1{\mu}g$) than 48 h after spraying. After 48h, we did not find pesticides amount in inhalation. Thus, we was considered necessary to pay attention to 48h after spraying of pesticide Fenitrothion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 1997

In order to determine the removal efficiency of pesticide residues on apples by ultrasonic cleaner, apples(Fuji var.) were artificially treated by dipping in water solution of fenitrothion EC, chlorpyrifos EC and phenthoate EC. The treated apples were washed by the ultrasonic cleaner with water, 30% ethanol solution or 0.2% detergent solution, respectively. The removal efficiency of fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos and phent-hoate by ultrasonicated washing in water for 0.5min. was 39.2%, 32.0% and 50.4%, respectively, but there was a tendency to decrease the removal efficiency of the pesticide residues as the duration of ultrasonicated washing period is increased. The maximum removal efficiency of the pesticide residues washed in the detergent solution was observed by ultrasonicated washing the samples for 5min. and it was recorded as 33.5% ; fenitrothion, 30.1% ; chlorpyrifos and 48.3% ; phenthoate, respectively. However it's appeared that the longer the ultrasonicated washing period in 30% ethanol solution the more pesticides from the apples were removed and the maximum removal efficiency of the pesticides was recorded as 66.2%(fenitrothion ; washed for 15min.), 41.7%(chlorpyrifos ; washed for 10min.), 74.2%(phenthoate ; washed for 10min.).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine residues of 17 pesticides and provide basic information on dietary safety of 35 kinds of Kangweon-do agricultural products. Residual leyels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by using GLC-ECO and GLC-NPD, respectively. A total of 157 agricultural products of Kangweon-do were analyzed. At least one kind of pesticide residues were detected in 48.4% of the analyzed samples and two or more kinds were found in 15.3%. Residue of Captan was detected in 43 samples of 81 agricultural products which was 53.1%. But residues of Endrin, Captafol, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Fenthion and EPN were not found in the all samples tested. Ranges of the pesticide residue leyels detected were ND-0.142 ppm for organochlorine pesticides, ND-0.075 ppm for organophosphorus pesticides and ND-1.067 ppm for Captan. Results of this monitoring study demonstrated that pesticide residue leyels in Kangweon-do agricultural supply were generally well below regulatory limits.