• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제19B권2호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 측정 부위에서 도출된 골밀도와 골소주 패턴 간의 상관관계를 복합적으로 분석하여 측정부위에 따른 평가변수의 골다공증 예측 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험대상은 40대 이상의 폐경기 이후 여성 40명을 선정하였고, T-Score 분류법에 따라 각각 20명의 정상군 및 골다공증군으로 분류하였다. 실험대상의 골밀도는 이중 에너지 X선 흡수 계측법을 통해 대퇴경부(Femoral Neck), 전자부(Trochanter) 및 워드 삼각부(Ward's Triangle)에서 측정하였다. 또한 각 측정부위에 $50{\times}50$ 픽셀 크기의 관심영역을 지정하고, 기존 연구에서 제안된 영상처리기법을 적용하여 각 영역의 골소주 패턴을 추출하였다. 골다공증을 예측하기 위한 평가변수는 구조적 변수(평균 회색조, 골면적, 골둘레, 골두께, 말단거리), 골격화 변수(골개수, 골길이) 및 프랙탈 차원(fractal dimension)으로 구분되는 총 8가지를 선정하였다. 실험결과, 골면적, 골둘레, 골두께, 말단거리, 골개수, 골길이 및 프랙탈 차원이 골밀도를 유의하게 반영하였고(p<0.003), 평가변수의 분석을 통한 골다공증의 높은 예측 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.147-168
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 폐경 전 성인여성의 일반적 특성, 생활습관, 식습관, 여성건강행태 및 신체조성에 따른 대퇴골전체, 대퇴골경부 및 요추의 골밀도 차이가 존재 하는지 규명하여 골밀도의 영향요인을 분석하였다. 연구는 제4기(2008년~2009년), 제5기(2010년~2011년)에 실시한 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 30세 이상 폐경 전 성인여성 3820명을 대상으로 실시되었으며 이 결과는 폐경 전 성인여성에서 골밀도 영향요인이 무엇인지 규명하여 치료하는데 필요한 권고사항이나 지침을 마련하고, 젊은 성인여성의 골밀도를 올바르게 평가하여 폐경 후 골다공증 예방을 위한 보건교육 자료의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 폐경 전 성인여성의 일반적 특성 중 연령은 대퇴골전체에서 40~44세, 요추에서 35~39세에 골밀도가 높았다. 교육수준은 고졸에서 골밀도가 높았고, 여성건강행태 중 초경연령이 낮을수록 골밀도가 높았다. 생활 습관은 흡연경험이 없고 걷는 시간 및 운동 빈도가 규칙적일수록 골밀도가 높았고, 식습관은 햄버거와 피자 섭취를 하지 않을 경우 골밀도가 높았다. 신체조성 중 비만유병여부는 비만일 때 골밀도가 높았고 저체중일 때 골밀도가 낮았다. 복부비만 및 체중조절경험이 있는 사람이 골밀도가 높았다. 총체지방률, 총지방량 및 총근육량은 제1사 분위(Q1)에서 제4사 분위(Q4)로 갈수록 골밀도가 높게 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 비만유병여부, 총지방량 및 근육량이 골밀도 간에는 매우 유의적인 상관관계를 보였으며, 젊은 여성들은 골밀도를 증가시키기 위해 자신의 체형에 맞는 적정한 체중을 유지해야하며 정상적인 BMI를 유지 할 필요가 있음을 알았다. 골다공증의 예방을 위해서는 성장기부터 규칙적인 운동과 금연 등의 올바른 생활습관과 젊은 시절부터 적절한 체중조절을 통해 최대 골질량에 도달할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2017

목적: 근위 경비골 및 상완골 절제 시 문제점은 알려져 있으나 소전자부 주위 골연골종의 임상상 및 수술 접근법에 대한 연구는 미약하다. 대상 및 방법: 소전자부 주위 골연골종으로 수술한 환자 13명의 증상 및 증상기간, 종양위치, 축상면상 돌출방향, 크기, 수술 접근법 및 장요근 손상 여부, 접근법에 따른 합병증을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 증상은 운동 및 보행 시 통증이 7예, 저림 및 방사통이 6예였다. 증상기간은 평균 19개월이었고 평균 크기는 120 ml였다. 후내 측으로 돌출된 종괴 5예에서 도달법은 후외방접근법 3예, 전방접근법 1예, 내측접근법 1예였다. 전내측 종괴 4예는 전방접근법으로 절제하였다. 전내측 및 후내측으로 돌출된 2예는 내측접근법 1예, 전방접근법이 1예였다. 후내측 돌출된 2예를 내측접근법으로 수술 후 피질골 결손으로 내고정술을 시행하였다. 후내측 돌출이 심한 1예에서 전방도달법 절제 후 좌골신경마비로 신경탐색술을 시행하였고 6개월 후 자연 회복되었다. 결론: 소전자부 주위 골연골종이 크고 후방돌출이 심하면 좌골신경 압박을 의심해야 한다. 내측도달법은 종양이 작을 때만 유용하고 전내측 돌출 및 경부에 있을 때 전방도달법이 유리하다. 후방돌출이 심한 큰 종괴에서 후방도달법이 신경손상을 최소화할 수 있는 방법이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.233-249
• /
• 1999

Primary fixation is one of the most important factor in establishing adequate osseointegration between implant and bone. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around implants without primary bone contact, this study was designed to create considerable space between implant and bone in 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. After 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter were prepared at the femur neck of the dogs, commercially pure titanium thread type implants(STERI-$OSS^{(R)}$), 8mm in length and 3.8mm, 5.0mm and 6.0mm in diameter, were inserted. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), and the penetration of upper soft tissue into the gap was inhibited by it. The each implant was positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test.Fluorescent dyes were injected in order of Doxycycline, Alizarin Red S, and Calcein at intervals of 2 weeks. At 4-, 8-, and 12-week after placement, 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation, and at 8- and 12-week after placement, 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test using $Periotest^{(R)}$ (Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and torque test using Autograph AGS-1000D $series^{(R)}$(Japan). The result were as follows: 1. The wider the gap between bone and implant was, the less bone maturity was, and the later osseointegration was occurred. Trabecular direction of new bone around implant was changed from parallel to perpendicular to the implant, and the gap was filled with new bone, over time. 2. There was a decreasing tendency over time in the mobility of all implants, but the wider gap between bone and implant was, the smaller decrease of the mobility was. 3. There was a increasing tendency over time in the removal torque gauge of all implants, and the wider gap was, the smaller increase of the removal torque gauge was. The results suggest that osseointegration in case of implant without primary bone contact may be obtained by guided bone regeneration technique with prolonged healing period, but the time of second surgery should be considered carefully.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2003

대퇴골 전염각의 정확한 측정은 정형외과 분야에서 중요한 의미를 가지며, 원위 대퇴골의 양과부를 횡단하는 면에 대하여 대퇴골 경부의 장축이 전방으로 기울어진 축면상의 각도이다. 대퇴골부와 슬개골부를 전산화단층촬영한 영상을 측정하고 있는 기존의 CT 영상의 대퇴골 측정법을 대신하여 다양한 Pulse sequence를 이용한 자기공명영상으로 PACS Image viewer에서 성인 남자 $28{\sim}36$세를 대상으로 대퇴골 전염각을 측정하였다. 오른쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 T2강조영상은 $18.5{\sim}45.4^{\circ}$, T1강조영상 $18.9{\sim}25.6^{\circ}$, 경사에코 $18.7{\sim}26.0^{\circ}$, 지방억제기법 $21.3{\sim}24.9^{\circ}$, 왼쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 T2강조영상은 $19.2{\sim}24.3^{\circ}$, T1강조영상 $18.8{\sim}24.5^{\circ}$, 경사에코 $20.1{\sim}25.6^{\circ}$, 지방억제기법 $20.0{\sim}25.3^{\circ}$로 측정되었고, 오른쪽과 왼쪽 대퇴골 전염각의 이원배치 분산분석에서 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 수 작업 방법의 대퇴골 전염각 측정에 비해 Image Viewer 프로그램에서는 마우스를 이용한 측정으로 편리하였고, MR 영상은 CT 영상에 비해 다양한 Pulse sequence를 선택적으로 적절한 촬영기법을 사용하여 대퇴골 전염각 측정에 유용하였다.

• 한국건강관리협회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2006

Background : Osteoporosis and atrophic cell pattern in Pap smear are frequent findings In postmenopausal women due to loss of ovarian function, The present study attempted to find out possible correlation between morphologic characteristics of Pap smear and osteoporosis. Material & methods: The subjects were 825 women(age from 35 to 80) who had undergone Pap smear and bone mineral density(BMD) at The Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul Branch, from March 8 to May 10, 2005. Pap smears from 825 women were reviewed and classified either mature cell pattern or atrophic cell pattern by their cytologic patterns, BMD were measured using LUNAR DPX MdIQ(Minster, Ohio, USA). BMD value of lumbar spine(Ll, L2,L3 and L4) were measured from 825 women and BMD value of proximal region off emur(neck NK, Wards triangle WT, and trochanter TR) were measured from 818 women and their bone status were classified as normal( T-sore:>-1.0), osteopenia (T-score: -l~<-2,5) and osteoporosis(T-score: ≤ -2.5). And age distribution of Pap smear, average T-value andfrequency ofsteoporo-sis of each region of the bone, percentage of osteoporosis of each boneregion by age group and changing pattern of percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis in certain postmenopausal period were compared between mature and atrophic cell pattern. Results: Pap smears revealed total mature cell pattern 53,9%(445/825) and total atrophic cell pattern 46.1%(380/825), Percentage of mature cell pattern decreased from 98.2%(168/171)under 44 age group to 13,3%(17/128) over 65 age group and mature cell pattern increased from 1.8%(3/171) under 44 age group to 86.7%(111/128) oyer 65 age group. Mean T-value of each region of lumbar spine and femur of mature cell pattern were lower than that of atrophic cell pattern about -1,5. And osteoporosis has noted in atrophic cell pattern showing odds ratio Ll 13.9, L2 15.3, L3 12.0, L4 10,4, UK 6.7, WT 10.9 and TR 4.1.Atrophic cell pattern started to increase after 45 years of age and osteoporosis of a trophic cell pattern started after 55 years of age. During 50 to 64 years of age period, L3, L4 and WT revealed parallel increased of osteopenia and osteoporosis and Ll, L2 revealed decreased of osteopenia and increased of osteoporosis. nia Conclusion: Above findings suggest that atrophic cell pattern of Pap smear precedes osteoporosis about 10 years and one of predictor of osteoporosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To compare jaw bone density of young adults (control group) and post-menopausal women(experimental group) in periapical and panoramic film. Materials and Methods : The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) and T scores of lumbar were obtained. T scores were classified into 3 group (T<-2.5, $-2.5{\leqq}T<-1$, $-1{\leqq}T$). Radiographic densities of alveolar bones were measured from interdental bones of premolar, molar areas in the maxilla and mandible and expressed into copper step wedge thickness by Scion $Image^{(R)}$ program. We considered these values of step wedge thickness as bone density of alveolar bone. Panorama mandibular index(PMI) was calculated by the method that the height of the inferior cortex of the mandible was divided by the height from the lower border of the mandible to the superior edge of the mental foramen. Bone density of alveolar bone and PMI were analysed statistically. Results : There were significant differences in bone mineral density of lumbar and femoral neck between control and experimental groups. There were also significant differences in bone density of premolar and molar area of jaw between control and experimental groups by MANOVA test. When considered lumbar T variables, there was only difference in interdental bone density of maxillary molar area between control and experimental group, but there was interaction. Interdental bone density of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. There was significant difference in PMI between control and experimental groups, but there was also inter action, thus, PMI of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. Conclusion : There were significant differences of alveolar density and cortical bone thickness between young men and post-menopausal women in periapical and panoramic film. These differences were dependent on lumbar T.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.788-800
• /
• 2002

Aging is characterized by an age-dependent reduction in bone density. Pronounced bone loss by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency induces a bad effect on dynamic balance of bone metabolism. When the bone density is reduced to the level below the fracture threshold, the risk for fracture is greatly increased. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Yuklinzu(YLZ: 毓麟珠) on the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The results of the experiment are as follows: Body weight in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum albumin in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated was slightly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum ALP activity in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum phosphorous in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum calcium in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GOT in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. The level of serum GPT did not significant change among the three groups. The level of serum estrogen in control group showed slightly increased in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T3 in control group showed no change in comparison with sham, and that in YLZ-treated showed no change in comparison with control. The level of serum T4 in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham, but that in YLZ-treated was significantly decreased in comparison with control. Mechanical strength of the femur neck in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. That in YLZ-treated showed slightly increased in comparison with control. Trabecular bone area as well as trabecular thickness in control group showed significant decrease in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed significant increase in comparison with control. Trabecular number and did not significant change among the three groups. Trabecular separation only in YLZ-treated showed significant decrease in comparison with control. Osteoclast number and oseoblast surface in control group showed significant increase in comparison with sham. Those in YLZ-treated showed slightly decreased in comparison with control. According to the above these results, YLZ has shown to be capable of preventing and curing osteoporosis caused by old-aged and postmenopause.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and remaining teeth in Korean adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 5th Year 1(2010), 1,985 adults over 50 years old having bone mineral density test were selected. Male adults were 883, and female adults were 1,102. The raw data consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, bone density data, and oral examination data. The questionnaire consisted of general health survey, laboratory examination study, and nutrition study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test. The variables included general characteristics of the subjects, health behavior, diet habit, and oral health behavior. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, residence area, education level, marital status, monthly income, and vocation. Health behavior consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index(BMI), physical activity, and mental health. Diet habit consisted of frequency of meal, milk, coffee, and calcium ingestion. Oral health behavior consisted of frequency of tooth brushing, use of oral health care devices, and oral examination. Systemic diseases were measured by the questionnaire for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Bone density was measured in T-score of femoral bone, neck of femur, and lumbar vertebrae. Bone density was classified into normal($T-score{\geq}-1.0$), osteopenia(-2.5 < T-score < -1.0), and osteoporosis ($T-score{\leq}-2.5$). The remaining teeth were measured by the differences between normal teeth and missing teeth. Results: Smoking and age are the most influencing factors on the number of remaining teeth and bone density(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Those who had higher bone density, younger age, and nonsmoker significantly had more remaining teeth. Those who were men, diabetic, lowly educated women, and low birth weighted persons tended to have less number of teeth(p<0.01). Conclusions: The study suggested that there were significant differences between men and women according to the oral health management behavior and systemic disease control. Proper management of the oral health and good quality of bone mineral density can reserve the remaining teeth through the whole life.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2009

목적: WHO (world health organization)에서는 골밀도뿐만 아니라 대규모 역학연구에서 정리된 골절의 위험인자 분석을 통하여 10년 내 골절위험도(10-year fracture probability)를 실제적으로 임상에 적용시킬 수 있는 소프트웨어 프로그램인 FRAX Tool (fracture risk assessment)이 2008년에 공개되었다. 본 연구는 기존에 사용하고 있는 GE Prodigy사의 골절위험도평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$를 이용한 골절위험도평가를 비교분석하고자 한다. 검사방법: 본원에 골밀도 검사를 시행한 201명($55{\pm}3.5$세)의 여자를 대상으로 GE Prodigy를 이용하여 Femur를 측정하였다. 측정한 Femoral Neck의 BMD (bone mineral density)를 구하여 GE Prodigy의 T-값과 골절위험인자를 고려하지 않은 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값를 사용하여 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도와 주요한 골다공증성 골절 위험도를 계산하여 SPSS통계프로그램으로 GE Prodigy의 골절위험도 평가와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 골절위험도 평가를 비교분석하였다. 결과: GE Prodigy의 T-값($-0.52{\pm}0.97$)과 $FRAX^{TM}$의 T-값 ($-1.45{\pm}0.81$)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p=0.000), GE Prodigy의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($9.15{\pm}3.71$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도($4.87{\pm}1.51$)도 또한 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 그리고 GE Prodigy의 10년내 대퇴골 골절위험도($1.56{\pm}1.48$)와 $FRAX^{TM}$의 10년 내 대퇴골골절위험도($0.53{\pm}0.61$)도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 결론: GE Prodigy와 $FRAX^{TM}$에서 측정한 골절의 절대위험도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 GE Prodigy의 T-값, 주요한 골다공증성 골절위험도, 10년 내 대퇴골 골절위험도가 높게 측정되었다. 향후 $FRAX^{TM}$에 대한 평가 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.