• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the characteristics of branded contents on consumers. To attain the purpose of the study, we carried out a survey with 286 male and female undergraduates and collected data for analysis. The findings demonstrated the followings: First, the satisfaction of using branded contents is positively affected by entertaining, empathy, creativity, and indirectness. Second, the intention to share branded contents and the intention for continuous use of them are positively affected by entertaining only. In conclusion, this study confirmed that only informativeness, which is one of 5 characteristics of branded contents, does not have any effect on the consumer. This result provides useful empirical data for developing high-quality contents that meet user's needs and convenience, helping understand user's behavior toward branded contents and also serves as the basic data on which related researches can expand.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to utilize it as useful basic data for improving oral health and for developing educational guidelines, by surveying the intake frequency in cariogenic food and the dietary intake status in detergent food through dietary life diary of some female undergraduates, and by researching into relationship between dietary intake factor and dental caries. It allowed dietary life diary for 5 days to be recorded targeting female undergraduates for the Dept. of Dental Hygiene, selected dietary life diary of 66 people without omission of record, and used it in this study. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. As a result of surveying the food intake status, it was indicated to be 12.82 for cariogenic food intake frequency, 256.36 for caries incidence available time and 8.32 for detergent food intake frequency. 2. As a result of surveying in order to examine relationship between cariogenic food intake frequency, detergent food intake frequency & cariogenic light-meal intake frequency and dental caries by dividing group with caries and group with non-caries, the group with caries was indicated to be a little higher than the group with non-caries. However, statistically significant difference wasn't indicated. 3. In the correlation between dietary intake status and dental caries, it was indicated that the more rise in cariogenic food intake frequency leads to the more rise in detergent food intake frequency and even in total light-meal intake frequency, but wasn't shown correlation with dental caries. In light of the above results, many limitations were indicated in finding and analyzing the dental caries incidence level and cause just with a method through surveying dietary intake. However, given the more in cariogenic food intake frequency and detergent food intake frequency, the possibility of dental caries incidence could be predicted.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the perception and satisfaction of undergraduates majoring in culinary arts and food service with working and internship abroad. The responses of the participants to 10 questions regarding perception and 13 questions regarding the importance and satisfaction with working and internship abroad were measured on a 5 point Likert scale. The primary results were as follows : 1) The subjects were composed of 50.9% male and 49.1% female students, of which 42.1% were employed and 57.9% experienced an internship abroad. 2) Most students went abroad to gain experience with respect to various foreign cultures in response to recommendations by the western cuisine department. 3) The items "I wish to conduct my affairs continuously"(M=4.21) and "I have good relationships with my colleagues at work"(M=4.11) received the highest points from male and female respondents, respectively. 4) Male students considered "cooperation among divisions"(M=4.11), "language skills"(M=4.38), and "kitchen environment"(M=4.34) to be very important. However, female students believed that "language skills"(M=4.36),"social relationships"(M=4.21), and "wage income"(M=4.18) were most important. Furthermore, male students were most satisfied with "company size" (M=4.28), "kitchen environment"(M=4.21), and "business hours"(M=4.10), while female students were most satisfied with "kitchen environment","incentive"(M=4.14) and "social relationships"(M=4.11).

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the sex differences in episodic memory and spatial cognition in healthy young adults. Methods : Forty-eight undergraduates (male=24, female=24) were assessed for sex differences using the visual stimuli episodic memory task and the virtual reality-based spatial cognition task. The accuracy rates (%) for the What, Where, and When conditions of the episodic memory task and the average distance error (cm) for 10 trials of the spatial cognition task were analyzed. Results : There were no significant sex differences between the three conditions. The male participants showed a significantly higher performance on the spatial cognition task than the female participants Conclusion : The results of this study indicated that the sex differences in episodic memory could be altered by the test methods. Although episodic memory and spatial cognition mainly depend on the hippocampus, the sex-related differences between the two functions were inconsistent, suggesting that these two functions are independent.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.223-236
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service elementary teachers' awareness on the sources of microplastics. The participants were 75 male and 91 female undergraduates. A 15-item survey questionnaire was developed based on prior researches regarding microplastics emission sources and were modified through expert review and preliminary research. The survey results show that over 80% of the respondents had heard of microplastics before through news, internet, TV, etc. However, they tended not to be aware that things such as lab coats, wet tissue, dust protective mask, or paper cup were made of microplastics-causing substances. For the questions on the expected situation of microplastics contamination, the frequency of their choices were relatively low in 'Tires of cars running are worn out' and 'The gum stuck to the floor becomes smaller.' These results show that many of them were not aware that synthetic fiber or synthetic rubber was one of the microplastics emission sources. Gender differences were found in the attitudes toward microplastics problems. Female students are more interested in the issues and are more willing to participate in the solution, and recognize the need for more education on microplastics. The implications and future directions for science education were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.653-662
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• 2011

As technology in 3D industry has rapidly advanced, a lot of studies primarily focusing on visual function and cognition have become vigorous. However, studies on effect of 3D visual fatigue on autonomic nervous system have not less been conducted. Thus, this study was to identify and determine the effect that might have a negative influence on sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Fifteen undergraduates (female: 9, mean age: $22.53{\pm}2.55$) participated and were sat on a comfortable chair, viewing a 3D content during about 1 hour. Cardiac responses like SDNN(standard deviation of RR intervals), RMS-SD(root mean squared successive difference), and HF/LF ratios extracted from the measured PPG(Photo-PlethysmoGram) before viewing 3D were compared to those after viewing 3D. The results showed that after subjects watched the 3D, responses in sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system were activated and deactivated, respectively relative to those before watching the 3D. The results showed that HF/LF ratio, Ln(LF), and Ln(HF) after viewing 3D were significantly reduced relative to those before viewing 3D. No significant effects were observed in SDNN and RMS-SD. Results obtained in this study showed that visual fatigue induced by watching 3D adversely influenced autonomic nervous system, and thereby reduced heart rate variability causing sympathetic nervous acceleration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3131-3138
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• 2015

At a dermatology during the skin care, photodynamic therapy(PDT) is carried after 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA), light sensitive material, is applied. At a skin care shop, using drug is prohibited. Thus, the aim of this research was to see the effect of the acne skin by irradiating PDT to the skin without applying ALA. The research method was that 24 female undergraduates who had acne on their face at the level of mild or comedonal, and the participants were divided into four groups(group1: no treatment, group 2: 420 nm of blue visible light, group 3: 660 nm of red visible light and group 4: blue and red visible light). The participants of group 2, 3 and 4 were irradiated with visible light for 20 minutes per week for 6 weeks, and they were compared to group 1. As a result of the research, the number of erythema, sebum, papules and pustules of those who were irradiated with visible light decreased, and the pore size of those also decreased while the amount of moisture increased. If an skin care shop applies PDT to the existing acne skin care, that PDT will influence on the program of a skin care shop is expected.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2002

This study investigated the effects of mild mental imagery inducing pleasantness or unpleasantness and cognitive mental arithmetic task on skin conductance level. Subjects were f undergraduates(male 5, female 4). They were given the list of the words and asked to write down the liked objects and the disliked ones freely associated with these words. Among these objects the most-liked one and the most disliked one were selected as the self-induced mental imageries. Data-collection procedures were as follows ; first baseline, pleasant imagery, 2nd baseline, unpleasant imagery, finally 3rd baseline, and mental arithmetic task subtracting continuously 7 from the number 500. During these trials, the SCLs were recorded every 10 seconds. The results indicated that there were nonsignificant differences between the 3 trial-baselines ot each condition. This suggested that unlike the procedures used in the previous studies, our procedures would give the stability of the baseline level necessary for the comparison of the effects of several stimuli. Also, the level of skin conductance in mental arithmetic condition was significantly higher than that of the emotional mental imagery. This suggested the possibility that mental arithmetic task would gave rise to the higher physiological arousal in comparison to mental imageries. Overall, it was suggested that the procedures and the stimulus presentation methods used in this preliminary study could be useful for the data-collection techniques for The future study. Implications for the future study were presented.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.465-472
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• 2010

This study surveyed salivary flow rate, salivary viscosity, and salivary buffering capacity in order to intensively analyze salivary factors among factors of occurrence in dental caries for finding mutually different factors that function in occurrence of dental caries depending on each individual. Even the acid body within dental plaque has great influence upon dental caries. Thus, the comparative analysis was carried out by surveying the hydrogen ion concentration in dental plaque. The following results were obtained in this study. 1. The average decayed teeth in the survey subjects stood at 1.67 piece. The extracted teeth caused by dental caries stood at 0.47 piece. The filled teeth were indicated to be 6.31 pieces. Accordingly, the average permanent dental caries experience teeth were surveyed to be 8.44 pieces. 2. The results according to dental caries activity test method were indicated to be $12.56{\pm}4.15ml$ for the average stimulated salivary flow rate, $3.89{\pm}1.83ml$ for non-stimulated salivary flow rate, $1.49{\pm}0.69$ for salivary viscosity, and $8.51{\pm}2.44$ for salivary buffering capacity. The hydrogen ion concentration test in dental plaque was indicated to be $5.62{\pm}0.50$ for before brushing teeth, $5.23{\pm}0.58$ for 5 minutes after brushing teeth, $5.25{\pm}0.56$ for 10 minutes after brushing teeth, $5.29{\pm}0.62$ for 15 minutes after brushing teeth, $5.34{\pm}0.58$ for 20 minutes after brushing teeth, $5.40{\pm}0.53$ for 25 minutes after brushing teeth, and $5.61{\pm}0.59$ for 30 minutes after brushing teeth. 3. Stimulated salivary and non-stimulated salivary flow rate, salivary viscosity, and salivary buffering capacity were indicated to be higher in group with non-caries than group with caries. However, it was statistically insignificant. The hydrogen ion concentration in dental plaque showed wholly statistical significant in the relationship with people with dental caries under progression. However, people without dental caries were indicated to be higher than people with dental caries. 4. As for correlation between caries activity test methods, the stimulated salivary flow rate had significantly positive correlation with non-stimulated salivary flow rate(p<0.001). Non-stimulated salivary flow rate showed negative correlation with salivary buffering capacity(p<0.01). The hydrogen ion concentration test in dental plaque showed positive correlation according to the passage of time after brushing teeth. However, there was no significant correlation with salivary viscosity and salivary buffering capacity(p>0.05).