• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2022

This study was conducted to test the significant difference of fertility variation among families and to select superior families for acorn production in the breeding seedling seed orchards (BSSOs) of Quercus acuta and Quercus glauca. The seed orchards were located in Jeju island and established by seedlings raised from selected parents for genetic testing in 2006. In the spring of 2021, the numbers of female and male flower were counted from 5 to 10 individuals per family in the BSSOs. To test statistical significance of which parameter is not satisfied through the normality test, we used a nonparametric analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to quantify the association between female and male flower production. As the results, the significant difference of flower production among families was found in both seed orchards. The averages of female flower production were 65.3 and 181.9 in Q. acuta and Q. glauca. The positive Spearman's rank correlation was existed between male and female flower production. Broad-sense heritability on female and male flower production were 0.191 and 0.147 in Q. acuta, and 0.285 and 0.068 in Q. glauca, respectively. Sexual asymmetry (e.g., maleness index) between female and male, and contribution variation among families (e.g., parental balance) were analyzed to find reasonable alternatives in the management of seed orchards. Effective population size of seed crops was predicted as a concept of status number. Loss of gene diversity (accumulation of group coancestry) would not be alarming in the BSSOs. Our results would be helpful to select breeding materials for establishing new seed orchards and to supply genetically improved seeds of evergreen oaks, which is one of the backbones of the strategy of carbon sink in the 2050 Carbon Neutrality of Korea Forest Service.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2008

The presence of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) in seed and pollen of diseased chrysanthemum was demonstrated. In seeds infected male parent from crosses in May, CSVd was transmitted to 6.7% of the progeny seedlings, whereas if the female parent was infected, CSVd transmission rate was between 46.9 and 75.7%. A relatively high incidence of 94.4 to 96.0% seed transmission occurred when both parents were infected. In seeds infected male parent from crosses in December, no progeny seedlings were infected with CSVd, whereas if the female parent did, CSVd transmission rate was 1.5%. When both parents were infected, 6.9% seed transmission was occurred. The seed transmission rate depended on the temperature when the crosses were made. CSVd was not detected in the non-infected female parent pollinated with infected pollen but was transmitted to the progenies. This is the first report of seed-borne transmission of CSVd in chrysanthemum.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1998

Arisaema robustum, which has the ability to change sex, was studied in a temperate broadleaf forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Kyonggi Province, Korea. \ulcornerThe study, carried out from 1993 to 1997, focused on population dynamics energy budget among organs, size distribution, mortality, the relationships between sex and size, seed production and germination rate. In terms of energy budget among the organs, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass was 36.6 : 63.4 in non-female plants, and 81.4 : 18.6 in female plants. Also, in female plants, the ration of leaf to sexual organ biomass was 39.5 : 41.9. Therefore, the belowground ratio of female plants was lower than that of non-female plants. Plants were classified into 8 levels relative to the amount of leaf area by $100cm^2$. The rates of the smallest and the largest classes were 49% and 1%, respectively, and population distribution by size was relatively stable. The mortality averaged 13.1% per year and decreased in inverse proportion to leaf size (6.6% in the smallest and 0.0% in the largest size classes). Leaf areas were $64.1{\pm}48.5cm^2$ in non-flowering plants, $232.1{\pm}123.9cm^2$ in males and $444.8{\pm}153.9cm^2$ in females. The increase rates of leaf area per year varied from 1.9% in plants changing from female tomale, to 152.4% in plants changing from non-flowering to female. But plants which remained female for 2 years showed a decrease of 34.7%. >From this result, it is thought that the female plants invest more energy to reproduction than to vegetative organs. The correlation coefficient (CC) value between plant size and the number of seeds produced (0.55) was larger than the CC value between plant size and total seed weight (0.73). That is, the larger the plant size, the heavier the seed produced. The germination rate increased along with seed weight, and it was 95% in plants which were over 60mg fresh weight/seed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.667-674
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• 2003

The study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplementation on serum and liver lipid profiles and bone strength in ovariectomized female rats. Female Spraque-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups of ovariectomized (O), isoflavone (0.085 mg/100 g b.w/day) in ovariectomized rats, grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats and isoflavone and/or grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats. After 8 weeks, biochemical profiles of serum, liver and bone were analyzed. Total food intakes, body weight gains and FER (food efficiency ratio) were not statistically significantly different among groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were decreased by fed of isoflavone and/or grape seed oils. However, crude lipid and total cholesterol contents in liver were not affect of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil. The hepatic glutathione contents were increased by isoflavone and/or grape seed oil fed. The hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity in isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplemented groups were higher than that O group. Bone (scapular and femur bone) dry weight, femur of max weight and bending strength were no significant difference among groups. Our finding suggest that isoflavone/grape seed oils might have potential role for serum lipid profiles improvement and bone strength in vivo.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

The long lived iteroparous conifers produce male and female gametophyte for hundreds of years once they reach the reproductive stage, however, the production of seed is not frequent. This phenomenon of infrequent seed production in conifers is yet to be understood. An attempt to study this change in cone production in Cedrus deodara of Western Himalayas -a species reported to be mainly monoecious and rarely dioecious has been made. The observations recorded on selected trees of flowering/fruiting stage for four years at four different locations have shown the species to be dioecious with higher percentage of female trees during good seed year but with no definite or predictable pattern of reproduction in the trees. A decline in production of female trees was witnessed at all but one location immediately year after reaching the maximum (good seed year). The phenomenon of seed production has been observed to be cyclic and site specific. A change in the sexual behavior of the trees from male to female or vice-versa, male or female turning monoecious or vegetative and vegetative coming to reproductive was unpredictable.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.424-428
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find out the optimum cultural method for hybrid seed production of Chalok 2. Higher seed yield was obtained when KW3 was used as a seed parent (female). KW7 was shown Higher barren stalk occurrence which caused significant seed yield reduction when it was used as a seed parent (female). The ratio of female (KW3) to male (KW7) rows with 4 to 1 had higher seed yield than that of 2:1 or 3:1. In case of using KW3 toy a seed parent, KW3 was susceptible to stem and ear rotting disease. The 35th day after silking was optimal period to harvest due to higher 100-grain weight, lower rotten grain, and higher germination rate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1995

Various factors reducing seed yield in 4 Larix species throughout the whole reproductive cycle were investigated and partitionate losses attributed to them were determined. Pollen quality, lack of pollination, and degeneration of female gametophyte played minor roles in reducing seed yield. Failure of pollinated ovules to be fertilized was an important factor causing seed loss. Embryo degeneration was also a major factor causing seed loss in all 4 species. Strobili abortion, which causes loss of all potential seeds in a cone, was the most important factor in reducing seed loss in this study. Based on the results obtained from this studs, hybridizations in either direction between European larch and Japanese larch are likely to resulting viable seed. However, hybridization between tamarack as a mother tree and European larch are not likely to result in viable seeds being produced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.528-532
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• 2007

Clonal differences in fertility (expressed as the number of female and male strobili) were determined for five consecutive years (2002-2006) in a clonal seed orchard of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Fertility varied among clones and among years with producing five-year averages of 378.8 and 871.2 for female and male strobili per ramet, respectively. Correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive over the five years and statistically significant. Based on the observed fertility variation, the effective population sizes (estimated by status numbers, $N_e$) were calculated and varied from 24.3 to 47.9 (48.6% to 95.8% of census number, N) among the five studied years. On average (pooled), the relative effective population size was 82% of the N. Variation in female fertility was higher than that in male fertility, and this variation was reflected on female and male parents' status numbers. Pooled $N_e$ estimated from the five years was higher than that from poor seed production years. From our results, it was concluded that genetic diversity collected from good flowering years would be higher than that from poor flowering years.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major vegetable crop in the world wide and fast-growing species that grows inhabitats of six continents. It is very important to determine hybrid seed purity in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for evaluating seed purity in $F_2$-hybrid radish cultivars demonstrated. One hundred eighty seeds from the F1 male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 13 primers. The 13 primers result in 17 cultivar-specific bands and 23 variable RAPD bands scored for cultivar. RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the harvest revealed 128 seeds tested except underdevelopment and decayed seeds were sibs. Especially, $F_2$ hybrids of radish, OPC13, OPD20 were presented clear hybrid bands. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. RAPD amplification of DNA extracted from germinated individuals from the female harvest reveal that 10 of 208 seeds tested were self-inbred (4.8%). RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the male harvest revealed 7 of the 208 seeds tested were sibs (3.4%). The RAPD may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity.