• 제목/요약/키워드: female mice

검색결과 656건 처리시간 0.027초

생쥐 수정란의 핵이식에 관한 연구 I. 모성 및 부성 genome의 기능차이에 관한 연구 (Studies on nuclear transplantation in mouse embryos. I. Functional differences between maternal and paternal genomes)

  • 최상용;박충생;이효종;박희성
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.123-127
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    • 1990
  • 모성 및 부성 genome의 기능을 알아보기 위하여 미세조작기법과 Sendai virus를 이용한 핵융합 기술을 이용하여 2개의 자성전핵만으로 구성된 2배체의 gynogenetic 수정란을 그리고 2개의 웅성전핵만으로 구성된 2배체의 androgenetic 수정란을 인위적으로 작출하였다. 이들의 작출효율은 biparental 수정란에서는 56%, gynogenetic 수정란에서는 50% 그리고 androgenetic 수정란에서는 56% 이었다. 이들을 체외에서 배양한 결과 gynogenetic 및 androgenetic 수정란은 2-세포기 이후에는 biparental 및 intact 수정란에 비하여 그 발달능이 매우 저조하였으나 이들 중 25% 이상이 포배까지 발달한 수 있음을 확인하였다. Gynogenetic 및 androgenetic 수정란을 동기화된 수란생쥐의 난관내에 이식하였던 바, androgenetic 수정란은 전혀 착상 되지 않았으나, gynogenetic 수정란에서는 착상이 확인되었다. 핵이식기법으로 인위조작된 2배체의 biparental 수정란으로부터 28마리의 생쥐 신생자를 생산하였다.

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백부자-대체 가능 한약재의 계종버섯에 대한 급성독성시험과 안전성등급화 (Acute toxicity test and safety classification for Termitomyces albuminosus containing pharmacologically similar ingredient of Aconitum koreanum)

  • 안민지;박영철
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim is one of the famous wild edible mushrooms in the southern part of China. It is known that Termitomyces albuminosus, like Aconitum koreanum used in Korean traditional medicine, contains a kind of cerebroside, termitomycesphin, causing a pharmacologic effect on the neuron system. The pharmacologic effect of Termitomyces albuminosus can be used to possibly replace Aconitum koreanum. However, It needs to be certified as safe before it can be used. Here, a single-oral toxicity test and safety classification was conducted to obtain acute information of the toxicity of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder and to secure its safety in clinical applications. Methods : In order to calculate approximate lethal dose(ALD), test substance was orally administered to male and female SD-rat at dose levels of 5,000 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weight). Based on the result of this toxicity, also the estimation of safety classification was calculated using the HED-based (human equivalent dose) MOS (margin of safety). Results : There were no mortalities, test substances treatment-related clinical signs, no changes in the body or organ weights, and no gross or histopathological findings at 14 days after treatment with test substance. Thus, the approximate lethal dose of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder was considered over 5,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice. Conclusions : Based on the limit dose, 5000 mg/kg, it was estimated that dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder is classified as "Specified class B" indicating that clinical dose is not limited to patients as safe as food.

흑생강의 단회투여독성시험과 안전성등급화 (Single oral toxicity test and safety classification for Kaempferia parviflora)

  • 한영훈;박영철
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome is black ginger indigenous to Laos and Thailand. It has been used as a folk medicine to improve blood flow and promote vitality and longevity with good health and well being. For these reasons, Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome has been focused on developing it as a food or food supplement. In addition, Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome could be under consideration of new prescription based on its characteristic compounds, polymethoxyflavonoids. However, it needs to be certified as safe before it can be used. Here, a single-oral toxicity test and safety classification was carried out to identity acute information of the toxicity of Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome powder and to make sure of its safety in clinical applications. Methods : Test substance was orally administered to male and female SD-rat at dose levels of 5000 mg/kg to estimate approximate lethal dose(ALD). Based on the acute information of the toxicity, the safety classification was estimated using the HED(human equivalent dose)-based MOS(margin of safety). Results : At 14 days after treatment with test substance. there were no of test substance related with mortalities and clinical signs. In addition, no changes in the body or organ weights and no gross or histopathological findings were observed. Thus, the ALD of Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome powder was considered over 5,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice. Conclusions : Based on the single oral toxicity test using the highest and limit dose, 5,000 mg/kg and the decision guideline for safety classification based on HED-based MOS, it was estimated that Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome powder is classified as "Specified class B" indicating that clinical dose is not limited to patients as safe as food.

50 kGy 감마선 조사된 홍삼 메탄올 추출물의 90일 반복 투여 독성시험 (Oral Toxicity Study on the 90-day Repeated-dose of 50 kGy Irradiated Methanol Extract Powder of Red Ginseng)

  • 전영은;김진경;윤성복;이주운;남진식;강일준
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.824-831
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 방사선을 조사한 홍삼 메탄올 추출물의 안전성을 검토하고자 식품의약안전청의 의약품 등의 독성시험기준에 따라 ICR계열의 암수 마우스에 시험물질을 0, 125, 250 및 500 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 90일간 반복경구 투여한 후, 사망률, 일반증상, 체중변화, 혈액 및 혈액생화학적 변화, 부검소견, 조직학적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 시험기간 중 암수 모든 군에서 시험물질 투여에 기인한 일반적인 증상변화는 관찰되지 않았고, 시험물질의 반복 투여로 인한 사망례 역시 관찰되지 않았다. 시험물질의 투여에 기인한 유의적인 체중 감소 또한 나타나지 않았으며, 상기 이외의 육안적인 부검소견에서도 시험물질 투여에 기인한 어떠한 이상소견도 발견되지 않았다. 혈액학적 분석 결과 일부 시험물질 투여군에서 총 백혈구 수 등의 수치가 유의적인 변화를 보였으나, 정상범위 내에서의 변화로 방사선조사에 의해 야기된 독성은 아니었다. 간장과 신장의 조직학적인 관찰에서 시험물질 투여에 의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 방사선 구조변환 홍삼 추출물을 3개월간 ICR 마우스에 섭취시킨 경우, 시험한 최고 농도인 500 mg/kg/day에서는 독성이 없는 것으로 판명되었다.

감마선을 조사한 마우스의 세포 손상과 산화적 스트레스에 대한 나린진과 나린제닌의 방사선방호 효과 (Radioprotective effect of naringin and naringenin against cellular damage and oxidative stress of γ-irradiated mice)

  • 강정애;김혜림;윤선혜;장범수;최대성;박상현
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.659-667
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 in vitro에서 나린진과 나린제닌의 항산화 활성을 평가하고, in vivo에서 BALB/c 마우스에 나린진과 나린제닌을 7일 동안 경구투여 한 후 6Gy의 감마선을 조사시켜 24시간 뒤 감마선 조사로 인한 세포 손상 및 산화적 스트레스에 대한 방사선 예방효과를 검토하였다. 나린진과 나린제닌의 항산화 활성평가에서 나린제닌이 나린진보다 ABTS 제거 활성 및 FRAP을 유의적으로 증가시켜 아글리콘 형태인 나린제닌이 글리코사이드 형태의 나린진보다 항산화 능력이 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다. 감마선 조사 전 나린제닌을 투여 한 군이 감마선 조사군에 비해 비장 지수, 흉선 지수 및 백혈구 수치가 증가하여 조혈 면역계 손상에 대해 보호효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 나린제닌을 투여 후 감마선을 조사한 군의 ALT와 AST가 감마선 조사군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하여 간세포 손상에 대한 예방효과를 확인하였다. 감마선 조사 전에 나린제닌을 투여한 군의 지방질과산화는 감마선 조사군에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타남을 보였으며, XO는 감마선 조사군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하여 방사선에 의한 장해를 감소시킨 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 감마선 조사 전 나린제닌을 투여한 군의 GSH와 항산화 효소의 활성은 감마선 조사군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하여 생체 내에 항산화 활성을 회복시켰다. 이 상의 결과를 통해 방사선 조사 전에 나린제닌의 투여는 방사선에 의한 세포 손상과 산화적 스트레스에 대해 보호 효과가 있어 방사선보호제로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

Ob/Ob 비만마우스 모델에서 강지환(降脂丸)의 체중감량 효과 (Gangjihwan Reduces Body Weight Gain in a ob/ob Female Mice)

  • 백송영;이혜림;박주혜;윤미정;윤유식;양희정;최영현;신순식
    • 대한한의학방제학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.193-207
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : This study was designed to investigate anti-obesity effects of DF in a ob/ob mouse model. Methods : Fifteen-week-old ob/ob mice were divided into four groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an ob/ob control group given a standard diet, and DF(1) and DF(2) groups given a standard diet with DF(1) (300 mg/kg), and DF(2) (600 mg/kg), respectively. After 10 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood lipid markers, fat weight and histology were examined. Results : Body weight gain and fat mass were significantly decreased in DF(1) and DF(2) groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF(2) group. Feeding efficiency ratio were significantly decreased in DF(2) group compared with control. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and fat mass, circulating concentrations of LDL, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and insulin were decreased in DF(2) group compared with control. The size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by DF(2) compared with control. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation and liver weights were reduced in DF compared with control. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that DF not only decrease feeding efficiency ratio, and blood anti-obesity biomarkers, but also reduce fat mass, contributing to the improvement of obesity. DF also inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation.

DSS로 유도된 염증성 장 질환 동물 모델에서 황금 열수 추출물이 면역 조절 기능에 미치는 영향 (Immunoregulatory Effects of Water Extracts of Scutellariae Radix in DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Animal Model)

  • 이순희;임병우;조여원
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.431-439
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    • 2004
  • Scutellariae Radix (Scu.), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process of inflammation, allergy and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the Oriental medicine to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix on the spleen lymphocyte immune function in the Balb/c female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Water extract of Scutellariae Radix (100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 2 weeks of experimental period. Mice were divided into three experimental groups randomly: DSS group (5% DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as control group, DSS + Scu. (water extracts of Scutellariae Radix for 2 weeks after 5% DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as experimental group, and DSS + Sulfasalazine group (Sulfasalazine for 2 weeks after 5% DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as positive control group. Levels of Ig A, Ig E, CD4$^{+}$, CD8$^{+}$, TNF-$\alpha$ and other cytokines were measured. Treatment of DSS for 5 days induced bowel inflammation and the treatment with Scu. water exteract and sulfasalazine significantly recovered the damage. The length of intestine of DSS group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. The serum and fecal concentration of Ig A of SS + Scu group was higher than those of DSS group. The contents of CD4$^{+}$ T cells was higher in the DSS + Scu. group than the other groups and CD8$^{+}$ T cells was the lowest in DSS + Sulfasalazine group. The Ig A level of cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the highest, while the Ig E level was the lowest in SS + Scu group. The concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, cytokine secreted from the Th1 cell in the supernatant spleen lymphocyte, was the highest in the DSS group and the lowest in the DSS + Scu. group. The concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ and ll...-12 was lower in the DSS + Scu. group than those of the other groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the lowest in the DSS + Scu. group but IL-10 was not significantly different. Based on these findings, water extract of Scutellariae Radix exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of Ig E and strengthened immune system, and alleviated injury in DSS- induced colitis mice model.

접골목(接骨木)추출물 및 약침액에 의한 MIF 활성 조절능이 생쥐의 제2형 Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Suppressing the Activation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor by $Sambucus$ $williamsii$ $H_{ANCE}$ Extract & Pharmacopuncture Solution on Type II Collagen-induced Arthritis)

  • 이동건;김은정;이은솔;왕개하;조현석;이승덕;김갑성;김경호
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.103-113
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of suppressing the expression of cyclo-oxygenase-type-2 (COX-2) as a consequence of inhibition macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activation by $Sambucus$ $williamsii$ $Hance$ (SWH) pharmacopunctureon rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods : In vitro test, synoviocytes extracted from type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse's knee joint were cultivated After that, each well of synoviocytes was mixed with the extract of SWH at the dosage of $0.4mg/m{\ell}$, $0.6mg/m{\ell}$, $0.8mg/m{\ell}$, and $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ respectively, and cultivated for 24 hours after the addition. Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to investigate the expression of MIF, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, COX-2 mRNA. $In$ $vivo$ test, thirty DBA female mice were used, and each ten mice were allocated into three group; normal group, CIA-elicitated group, and group treated with SWH pharmacopuncture on it's the point of $ST_{35}$ after CIA elicitation. It is investigated that change of mice foot thickness, histologic change of sliced synovial joint of mouse, and extent change of MIF, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 in synovial membrane. Results : $In$ $vitro$ test, the expressions of cytokine(MIF, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2) mRNAs related to RA were dose-dependent decreased. In the SWH pharmacopuncture group, foot thickness and histologic change of sliced synovial joint were decreased comparing with CIA-elicitated group's change. In the SWH pharmacopuncture group, the suppression of MIF, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 in synovial membrane was clearly shown comparing with CIA-elicitated group's change. Conclusions : It might be suggested that SWH pharmacopuncture mitigate tissue damage originated from rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing the expression of COX-2 as a consequence of inhibition MIF activation.

방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$))

  • 노재성;이문호
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

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개 자연발생 유선종양 2종의 세포주 확립 및 특성분석 (Establishment and Characterization of Canine Mammary Gland Cancer Cell Lines)

  • 이선태;권오경;김완희
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.232-239
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    • 2010
  • 개에서 자연발생한 유선종양으로부터 채취, 배양된 세포주 2개를 확립하고 특성을 분석하였다. 9세 령의 퍼그 종 개와 동일연령의 토이푸들 종의 개에 발생한 종양을 무균 상태를 유지하여 수술적으로 채취한 후 primary culture를 실시하였다. 두 종양의 조직병리검사에서는 각각 선암종과 혼합암종이 진단되었으며, 이후 두 마리 모두 전이로 인해 폐사하였다. 배양된 종양세포는 1년 이상의 기간 동안 60회 이상 계대를 반복하면서 형태학적으로 일관성을 유지하였고, 특성분석을 위해 광학현미경검사, 성장곡선 산출, 배가 시간 계산, 누드 마우스에 이종이식, 면역조직 화학검사를 실시하였다. 각 세포주는 다각형의 긴 세포형태를 보였으며, 세포질 연결을 형성하였으며, 배가 시간은 각각 47.1 시간과 18.6 시간이었다. 암컷 누드마우스의 등 부위에 피하이식 후 4주 이내에 10마리 중 9마리에서 촉진이 가능한 종괴의 형성이 확인되었으며, 면역조직화학검사 시 한 세포주에서는 keratin과 cytokeratin 8에서 다른 세포주에서는 smooth muscle actin과 cytokeratin 8에서 강한 염색성이 확인되었다. 두 세포주는 개의 유선종양의 시험관내, 체내 연구에 있어 모두 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.