• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1997

Seasonal variation of the population structure and the reproductive pattern of the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, were investigated. High capture ratios in juveniles, young adult, and old adult mice were found during the period from October to November, from November to March, and from May to September, respectively, and extremely low capture ratios of old adults during the period from November to February were characteristic. It seemed that the young adults that survived during the winter might become older by summer and have been counted as the old adults. The breeding in the mice began earlier in males (from mid February or early March to late October) than in females (from mid March to late October), having a peak in August and September, and both the male and female mice weighing more than 20 g generally reached sexual maturation in general. In the breeding season, both young and old adult males had large testes with enlarged seminiferous tubules filled with numerous germ and Sertoli cells, and expanded caudal epididymides with a vast number of spermatozoa; the females had many Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in large ovaries, and developed uterine glands in the thick endometria. The lower ratios of the testis weight to the body weight in July and August in 1994 compared to 1995 seemed due to the extreme drought and considerably higher temperature in 1994, but the decrease in the ratio in mid-summer, only in the old mice, in both years might be explained partially by aging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 2000

The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제61권2호
• /
• pp.12.1-12.9
• /
• 2021

The mosquito-borne pathogen Zika virus may result in neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The virus is classified as a member of the Flaviviridae family and its wide spread in multiple continents is a significant threat to public health. So, there is a need to develop animal models to examine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop vaccines. To examine the clinical profile during Zika virus infection, we infected neonatal and adult wild-type mice (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and compared the clinical signs of African-lineage strain (MR766) and Asian-lineage strain (PRVABC59, MEX2-81) of Zika virus. Consistent with previous reports, eight-week-old female Balb/c mice infected with these viral strains showed no changes in body weight, survival rate, and neurologic signs, but demonstrated increases in the weights of spleens and hearts. However, one-day-old neonates showed significantly lower survival rate and body weight with the African-lineage strain than the Asian-lineage strain. These results confirmed the pathogenic differences between Zika virus strains. We also evaluated the clinical responses in neonatal and adult mice of different strains. Our findings suggest that these are useful mouse models for characterization of Zika virus for vaccine development.

• 대한융합한의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of the Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EK) on menopausal obesity in mice. Methods: To induce the menopausal obesity, female C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized and fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks. 17β-estradiol was injected as a positive control and the extract of EK was orally administered 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Body weight, uterine weight and visceral fat weight were measured. The size of the adipocyte in visceral fat tissues was estimated by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Fasting glucose level was estimated in serum. Results: Body weight and visceral fat weight were significantly decreased by EK treatment, while the uterine weight/body weight was increased in high fat diet-fed ovariectomized mice. The diameter of adipocyte in the visceral fat tissues was markedly reduced in EK-treated menopausal obese mice. In addition, the fasting blood glucose level was inhibited by oral EK administration. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results showed that EK has ameliorative effects on overweight after menopause. EK could be one of the alternative therapy for treating menopausal obesity.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1212-1218
• /
• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)와 $\gamma$-oryzanol (OZ) 혼합물의 mouse 체지방 및 복부지방 감소에 관한 연구를 하였다. Female ICR mice (10주 령)을 몸무게 차이가 없도록 Control (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA), CLA-OZ 1 (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA + 0.5 mg OZ), CLA-OZ 2 (70 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 30 ${\mu}l$ CLA + 1.0 mg OZ), OZ (100 ${\mu}l$ olive oil + 1.0 mg OZ) 및 Olive oil (100 ${\mu}l$ olive oil)로 구분하였다. 처리시료는 매일 4주간 경구투여 하였고 식이와 물은 자유롭게 먹게 하였다. 시료처리 4주 후에 mice의 몸무게를 달고 탈골법으로 sacrifice하여 전체몸무게, 복부지방 무게, 장기와 복부지방을 제거한 나머지 부분 무게 (empty carcass weight: ECW)를 측정하였다. CLA (control) 처리는 olive oil 처리에 비해 유의성 있게 몸무게, ECW, 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시켜 CLA가 복부지방 및 체지방을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다. CLA-OZ 1 처리는 OZ 처리에 비해서는 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰으나 CLA (control) 처리에 비해서는 유의성이 없었다. 또한 CLA-OZ 2 처리는 control 처리 및 OZ 처리에 비해 복부지방 및 체지방을 유의성 (p<0.05) 있게 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 CLA와 OZ를 혼합하여 처리한 mice에서 이들을 각각 단독으로 처리한 mice에서보다 복부지방 및 체지방이 많이 감소되어 OZ가 CLA의 지방감소 작용에 상승효과가 있음을 의미한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 김치에서 분리한 우수한 항균활성을 나타내는 Leuc. citreum GR1을 분리하여 단기투여에 의한 안전성을 확인하고자 식품의약품안전청의 의약품 등의 독성시험기준에 따라 실시하였다. 시험물질인 Leuc. citreum GR1의 임상적용 경로가 구강이므로 경구투여용 존데를 사용하여 단회 경구 투여를 수행하였으며, 투여용량은 단회 경구투여 최고용량인 5,000 mg/kg을 고농도로 설정하였다. 급성독성시험을 위하여 경구 1회 시험물질을 625, 1,250, 2,500 및 5,000 mg/kg 투여 용량으로 하여 ICR계 암 수 마우스에게 용량별 각 군당 10마리씩 시험물질을 투여한 후 14일간의 일반증상, 사망률, 체중, 임상증상 및 육안적 소견을 관찰하였다. 단회 경구투여한 후 모든 시험군에서 사망례가 관찰되지 않았으며, 시험동물은 시험 종료 시까지 계속 생존하여 평균치사량을 산출할 수 없었다. 경구투여한 후 마우스의 체중변화에 있어서도 암 수 모두 대조군과 시료물질 투여군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 용량 의존적인 차이도 볼 수 없었다. 단회 경구구투여 후 시험 종료한 다음 생존동물 모두를 부검하여 주요 장기의 육안적 소견을 관찰한 결과 대조군과 시료투여군 모두에서 외관상이나 내부 장기에 어떠한 이상소견이나 병변이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험물질인 Leuc. citreum GR1는 경구투여 시 ICR계 암 수 마우스에서 독성학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, 경구투여가 5,000 mg/kg 이상인 저독성의 안전한 물질로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2002

It is not known whether gender differences play a role in susceptibility to ischemic acute renal failure. Thus, we examined if there were any differences in susceptibility between male and female mice to kidney ischemic injury, and if so, whether it is due to differences in mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or inflammatory responses to ischemia. Female mice were protected against kidney ischemia when compared with males. Thirty minutes of bilateral ischemia resulted in marked functional and morphological damages in males, but not in females. The ischemia-induced phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal stress-activated protein kinases (JNKs) was higher in males than in females. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) was lower in males than in females. Post- ischemia medullary infiltration of RAW 264.7 cell, a monocyte-macrophage cell, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were greater in males than in females. In conclusion, males were much more susceptible to ischemia than females. The enhanced propensity to ischemic injury in males was correlated with greater activation of JNKs, greater expression of ICAM-1, and greater trapping of leukocytes in the medulla.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of diets containing genistein and soy extract on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells implanted into female Balb/c mice. Four-week-old female athymic nude mice (Balb/c) were acclimated to an AIN-93G control diet for 1 week and then injected MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site) and were continued on the on AIN-93G control diet. Five weeks after injecting the MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site), two experimental groups were assigned to diets containing genistein (750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) or 0.6% soy extract (containing genistein at 750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) until they were sacrificed. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in the groups treated with genistein and soy extract compared to the control group. The results of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay also revealed that genistein and soy extract treatment reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. In the present study, dietary isoflavone was provided just before solid tumor formation, and thus the timing of dietary isoflavone administration may be critical to the suppression of tumor growth.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
• /
• pp.167-167
• /
• 2002

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have been thus classified as endocrine disruptors. Permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide has little been characterized to it's hormonal potential. In the present study, effects of neonatal exposure to permethrin on the sex steroid receptor levels and hoxa-10 expression of the uteri were investigated in female mice.(omitted)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권1호
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2021

Several herbs including Artemisia are known to possess conceptive property. In the present study, mouse spermatozoa were incubated with ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves. The effect of extract on acrosome exocytosis was studied by labeling spermatozoa with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) peanut agglutinin and by staining with Coomassie blue. Viability and membrane integrity were studied by Trypan-blue staining and hypo-osmotic swelling test. Artemisia extract at very low concentration caused precocious acrosome reaction and loss of sperm viability. Acrosome reaction increased remarkably from 22.63% to 88.42% with increasing extract concentration from 0 to 2,000 ㎍/mL. However, the viability loss of spermatozoa was increased from 11.71% in control to 63.73% in samples treated, evaluated by Trypan-blue staining method. Membrane damage caused by the extract, evaluated by hypo-osmotic swelling test was even low, ranging from 2.27% to only 24.23%. These results indicate that Artemisia extract might block fertilization by causing precocious acrosome exocytosis in spermatozoa. A direct contraceptive effect was tested by injecting the plant extract into the vagina of female mice and then allowing them to mate with normal males. The treated female mice delivered significantly fewer litters in comparison to the control.