• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Polygalae Radix (PR) in male and female mice. PR extract (yield = 18.6%) was administered to ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2009-116, 2009). Animals were monitored for the mortality and the changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing. Upon necropsy, organ weight and histopathology of 14 principal organs were examined. It was observed that there were no mortalities, clinical signs, changes on the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological observations against 14 principal organs related to PR extract up to 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate LD of PR aqueous extracts after single oral treatment in female and male mice were considered over 2000 mg/kg the limited dosages recommended by KFDA Guidelines, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1999

The present was undertaken to establish a model for the control of adipocytes differentiation by using antibody from egg yolk. The emulsion of membrane protein of 3T3L-1 cell membrane protein with the complete Freund's adjuvant was firstly immunized in layer. Second and third boosting were undertaken with two weeks intervals by injection of the emulsion of the same antigen with the incomplete Freund's adjuvant. After 4 week of the first immunization, eggs were collected and antibody (IgY) was purified from egg yolk. The purity of IgY was 60-98% determined by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) methods. Titer value of the antibody showed high reactiviy for the preadipocytes membrane protein measured by ELISA. When the IgY was added in the test media containing either 2.5% porcine serum or 10% FBS(control), the differentiation of 3T3L-1 cells and Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) activities was significantly decreased compared to the control cells(p〈0.05). When mice were subcutaneously injected with IgY raised against membrane protein of 3T3L-1 cells for 3 weeks, adipose tissue mass around ovary was tended to be decreased in female mice compared to those of control mice. It is suggested that a potential for manipulating of lipid accumulation through decrease in 3T3L-1 cell differentiation and fat accumulation in female mice by IgY treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1003-1013
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• 2021

Thioredoxin (TRX) protein is an antioxidant responsible for reducing other proteins by exchanging cysteine thiol-disulfide and is also known for its anti-allergic and anti-aging properties. On the other hand, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important material used in the cosmetics industry and an essential protein necessary for dermal wound healing facilitated by the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. EGF also assists in the formation of granulation tissues and stimulates the motility of fibroblasts. Hence, genetically modified soybeans were developed to overexpress these industrially important proteins for mass production. A single-dose oral-toxicity-based study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxic effects of TRX and EGF proteins, as safety assessments are necessary for the commercial use of seed-specific protein-expressing transgenic soybeans. To achieve this rationale, TRX and EGF proteins were mass purified from recombinant E. coli. The single-dose oral-toxicity tests of the TRX and EGF proteins were carried out in six-week old male and female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. The initial evaluation of the single-dose TRF and EGF treatments was based on monitoring the toxicity signatures and mortality rates among the mice, and the resultant mortality rates did not show any specific clinical symptoms related to the proteins. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the weights between the treatment and control groups of male and female ICR mice. After 14 days of treatment, no differences were observed in the autopsy reports between the various treatment and control groups. These results suggest that the minimum lethal dose of TRX and EGF proteins is higher than the allowed 2,000 mg·kg^-1 limit.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

Objective : Ssanghwa-tang has been used as herbal medine, favorite beverage or health beverage. This study was performed to evaluate the acute toxity and safety of fermented Ssanghwa-tang extract in ICR mice. Methods : 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Ssanghwa-tang and fermented Ssanghwa-tang extracts were orally administered to 35 male and 35 female ICR mice. After single administration, we observed number of death, clinical signs, changes of body weight for 14 days. After 14 day of administration, all mice were sacrificed and major organ were observed. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : These results suggest that Sssanghwa-tang fermented with nuruk extracts might be safe to ICR mice.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2002

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer widely used in the manufacturing polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resin, and xenobiotics recently known as endocrine disrupting chemical. In this paper, to assess the effects of bisphenol A on immunopathological parameters (body weight, organ weight, hematological parameters, cellularity and surface marker) in mice, ICR female mice were orally exposed to BPA dissolved in olive oil as concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 ㎎/㎏/day b.w. 5 days a week for 30 days (subacute exposure). Liver - and kidney weight was significantly increased as dose-dependent manner, but body- , spleen- and thymus- weight didn't changed. In hematological parameters, WBC and MCHC were lowered but HCT and MCV were siginificantly enhanced. There was no significant differences in peritoneal macrophages number of the mice exposed to BPA. However, number of splenocytes of spleen, CD3/sup +/ and CD4/sup +/ cell in splenocytes, CD4/sup +/ and CD8/sup +/ cell in thymocytes were decreased at the mice subacutely exposed to BPA. In addition, BPA decreased expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on macrophages. Therefore, these results showed BPA may affect hematological parameters, cellularity and surface marker of immunocytes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2011

Objectives : Sipjeondaebo-tang is a medicine traditionally prescribed as a restorative. The aim of this study was to investigate the single oral dose toxicity and safety of extract of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang in ICR mice. Methods : In single oral dose toxicity study, non-fermented or fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang were administered by oral gavage to ICR mice (5 males, 5 females) at single doses of varying concentrations: 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. Changes of body weight, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Hematological parameters, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There were no mortality or signs of toxicity in single oral dose toxicity studies. There were also no significant differences in body weight, organ weight, or hematological parameters between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions : Fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang did not cause remarkable adverse effects in ICR mice. The oral lethal dose of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female mice is 5000 mg/kg.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Palmultang and Fermented Palmultang Extract in Mice. Methods : To evaluate their acute toxicity and safety, 0 (control group), 2000 mg/kg of Palmultang and Fermented Palmultang Extracts were orally administered to 15 male and 15 female ICR mice. After a single administration, we observed survival rates, behavioral pattern, clinical sign, body weight. The results of biochemical analysis and hematological analysis were no any significant change. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated mice. Conclusions : Overall, the results suggest that, the oral administration of Palmultang and Fermented Palmultang extracts did not produce significant toxic effect in mice. Hence, the fermented extract can be utilized for herbal therapy.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on immune system in mice we examined the various immunological parameters. After single oral administration of BPA to female ICR mice, the weights of bodies and lymphoid organs, splenic cellularity and hematological parameters were examined on day 2 and 7. Among them WBC and splenic cellularity were slightly decreased on day 2. To assess the effects of BPA on humoral immune responses, splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC) and serum IgM were assayed. When BPA was administered after immunization with SRBC, but not before immunization, IgM PFC against SRBC was significantly lowered in a dose dependent manner. Serum IgM level was also decreased on day 4 when high dose (2000 mg/kg) of BPA was administrated after injection of OVA-antigen. The indexes of splenocyte proliferation (SP) to concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in vitro by MTT assay. At low concentration BPA slightly increased splenocyte proliferation but at higher concentration it showed significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Mitogen-stimulated SP was also determined with spleen cells from BPA treated mice. Con A-induced SP was slightly decreased and LPS-induced SP was especially inhibited at 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of BPA. These results indicate that BPA is able to acutly evoke humoral and cell mediated immune suppression in mice.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2004

Petroleum ether, benzene and alcohol extracts of seeds of C. juncea administered orally at the dose level of 25mg/100g body weight to adult female mice for 30 days, resulted in irregular estrous cycle with prolonged estrus and metaestrus and reduced diestrus and proestrus during the experimental period. Histological studies of the ovary indicate increases in the number of atretic follicles but decreases in the number of developing follicles, Graafian follicles and corpora lutea. The total cholesterol content of the ovary is increased, whereas ascorbic acid content is decreased. The weight of the uterus and its micrometric measurement in all experimental mice are increased significantly. The alcoholic extracts showed estrogenic activity in immature mice by early opening of the vagina, premature cornification of the vaginal epithilium and increases in uterine weight. However, alcohol extract of seeds of C. juncea was more effective in causing these changes compared to other extracts. After subjecting to preliminary phytochemical screenings alcohol extract showed positive; test for alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, flavones, phenols and tannins.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1997

The effect of various vegetables commonly consumed by Koreans on the induction of glutathione S-trasferase(GST) activity in mice was assessd. The extract of vegetable dissolved in propylene glycol (5ml/kg body wt.) was administered to ICR female mice 6 to 8 weeks old via gavage during 5 days. The changes of body weight and liver weight of all treated groups were not significantly different compared with control group. Hepatic protein contents of trated groups compared with control group were not significantly different except BHT treated group. The induction of GST activity in liver cytosol of mice was the greatest with broccoli, followed by radish, wild green onion, turnip, and green onion. The induction of GST activity in liver cytosol increased up to 1.5 to 1.8-folds at a dose of 24 g fresh vegetable/mouse. The induction of combination between vegetables was the highest with the combination of broccoli and radish (1.83-fold), followed by that of broccoli and green onion (1.72-fold), and that of broccoli and turnip (1.50-fold).