• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2011

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas (PLGA) are distinctive salivary gland neoplasms with a propensity to arise from the minor salivary glands. The most frequent location of PLGA is the palate, even though other locations have been described. Previously used terms for PLGA include lobular carcinoma and terminal duct carcinoma. Although the frequency of the tumor is unknown, the recognition of PLGA as an individual tumor has increased with the establishment of specific histopathological criteria characterizing the PLGA. The first choice of treatment is a wide surgical excision including the subjacent bone if necessary. The prognosis is generally good and the recurrence rate ranges from 17% and 22%. Distant metastases is unusual (9%) but occur mainly in the regional lymph nodes. This is a case report of a 67 year old female patient with PLGA who was treated with a wide excision by layers (2 stage) of the lesion including the surrounding bone. We present this case with a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

Despite well-known benefits of physical activity for older adults, most older adults remain significantly underactive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an inclusive, choice-based physical activity promotion program to increase lifetime physical activity levels of seniors on physical activity & health-related quality of life outcomes in older adults. The physical activity promotion program guided participants to choose activities that took into account their health, preferences, and abilities. It offered information on ways for them to exercise safely, motivate themselves, overcome barriers, and develop a balanced exercise regimen. A six-month comparison-group trial was conducted with older adults in community senior center. Changes in self-reported physical activity & health-related quality of life(SF-36) by group & within group were evaluated using t-test. Of 30 subjects, 22(73%) completed the trial. Subjects were aged 63 to 75 years(mean=$68.36{\pm}4.02$); 86% were female. The intervention group increased estimated caloric expenditure by 1975 calories/week in moderate intensity activities(MET${\geq}3.0$; p=.008), and by 2312 calories/week in physical activities of any intensity(p=.005). Between-group analyses showed that the changes were significantly different in both measures(p=0.17; p=032). The intervention group also significantly better scores on general health perception(p=.031) & vitality(p=.002). Individually tailored programs to encourage lifestyle changes in seniors may be effective and applicable to health care and community settings.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2003

Carbohydrate intake is decreasing along with the reduction of rice consumption among the Korean population. There is an increasing trend of diet-related degenerative diseases with the increased consumption of animal food, and therefore, the increase of animal food intake can be considered as one of causes of the diet-related disease. The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in rice preference and breakfast patterns between the subjects have breakfast regularly and those skipping it. One thousand participants were selected by the stratified sample method from the primary, middle, high school and college, and company workers from 24 cities of Kyeonggi-do. The interviewing procedure was carried by regional home extension workers. Approximately half participants (49.9％) were under the age of 20. Although 86％ of the subjects considered eating breakfast good for health. only 46.4％ of the subjects had breakfast regularly (HB). The rest of them skipped breakfast (SB) more than twice a week. The proportion of subjects hiving no breakfast were 9.3％ of male and 12.2％ of female subjects. The main reason for not having breakfast was due to the limited time. For their breakfast 85％ of the HB ate boiled rice with the side dishes. More subjects in SB (27.8％) preferred the boiled rice with various grains for breakfast than those of HB (21.8％). The subjects in HB (65.5％) preferred boiled plein rice more than those of SB (56.9％). In cases they must have breakfast, 47.7％ of the subjects wanted rice with the side dishes,24.2％ preferred rice ball or rice roll with laver, 10.5％ preferred a rice beverage. More subjects in HB (59.8％) wanted rice with side dishes than those in SB (36.9％). It was found out that selecting rice at the breakfast is still the main choice. Diverse ready-to-eat rice menus have to be developed to increase the rice consumption, specially to increase breakfast eating frequencies of SB through saving time and effort. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 547∼555, 2003)

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2004

The share of self-employment shows a downward trend until 1990 and then an upward trend since then. The upward trend is mainly due to more employers and more male self-employed, which implies that self-employment plays a significant role as an alternative form of employment. This paper examines whether self-employment can be a bridge between no work and wage work in the processes entering into or exiting labor market, and if so, what determines the choice of self-employment as a bridge, using the data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey(Wave 1 to Wave 5). Empirical analysis employing the probit model shows that the older, female, the less educated, and persons with bad health are more likely to choose self-employment as a bridge in the exit process and that they are less likely to choose it as a bridge in the entry process. Business cycle has a statistically significant negative effect on its role of bridge employment in the exit process but not in the entry process. The result implies that, in the ageing society, labor market policy should consider self-employment as a better alternative than wage work for the aged.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.428-431
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• 2009

Purpose: Blow out fracture resulting from facial trauma is of high frequency among facial bone fractures, and can cause severe complications. So, proper management and close observation after operation are needed. So far, Computed tomography has been the best choice in the evalution following orbit wall reconstruction. However, cost - effectiveness, accessibility to patients and hazard of radiation exposure of computed tomography require supplementary measure for the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. This study was performed to describe the effectiveness of ultrasonography in the evalution following orbit wall reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 40 patients who underwent orbit wall reconstruction from June, 2008 to July, 2008. The patients' ages ranged from 13 to 65 years (mean 27.5 years), and this group was compsoed of 27 male and 13 female patients. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 28 weeks (mean 11weeks). Preoperatively, all fractures were diagnosed using computed tomography. Ultrasonography for all cases, and computed tomography for 2 cases were performed for evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. Results: Reduction of herniated orbital soft tissue and orbit implant was identified by using ultrasonography in 38 cases out of 40 cases. In other cases which we could not identify the orbit implant, computed tomography was performed. Con clusion: Compared to computed tomography, ultrasonography is simple, inexpensive and convenient method. Ultrasonography can be used as supplementary measure to computed tomography in the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction for elective patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

Threshold limit value (TLV) test between expert and consumer panel was conducted about absolute, recognition and difference threshold respectively. And we tried to suggest appropriate and minimum acceptable menthol concentration level by consumer panel. Determination of threshold value was based on ASTM E 679-79 method by forced-choice ascending concentration series. In addition, a semi-ascending paired difference method was referred to conduct test. The group threshold value was determined as the value of geometric mean individual threshold. The smokers were dividend by two groups, trained and consumer panel. Trained panel was selected according to sensitivity to menthol discrimination. Consumer panel wasrecruited in proportion as population ratios including female smokers. They were all over twenty years old volunteers and summed up thirty four persons. In terms of sensor evaluation, overall difference test with seven-category scale by both trained and consumer panelists were done. On judging correct or incorrect answer, two by three cut-off levels applied to. Every test was conducted with two sessions, before smoking and during smoking period. And, only two samples served each paneI per test with regard to sensory fatigue and reliable results. All tests were replicated, and in total 32 times per panelist. In conclusion, the recognition threshold about consumer and expert panel was 358 ppm/cig. and 276 ppm/cig. in separately. Besides, absolute and difference thresholds were obtained also. And, we conduct difference threshold test with two different ways, upward and downward. And, The results of each method were 246, 195 ppm/cig., 1414, 1336 ppm/cig. and 1047, 972 ppm/cig.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.392-394
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• 2016

A 2-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented to Kangwon National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with pruritus and erythema on the tips of both ears, around the eyes, and in the caudal abdomen. This patient had previously been prescribed prednisolone, but did not respond positively to the treatment. A skin screening test revealed that there were no fleas or fungi, and that only cocci were present. Blood testing revealed no remarkable findings. The patient was prescribed antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 25 mg/kg for 2 weeks) with no prednisolone. After 2 weeks, clinical signs were alleviated and the skin screening test showed no signs of cocci. However, clinical signs recurred even with the prescription of antibiotics. Four weeks after the steroid-free interval, Malassezia spp. hypersensitivity was detected upon a serum allergy test, and pathological analysis confirmed eosinophilic and mastocytic superficial dermatitis in the caudal abdomen. Based on these results, we suspected allergic dermatitis and prescribed 7 mg/kg cyclosporine A once a day. After 3 weeks, clinical signs were resolved. Seven weeks after the first trial with cyclosporine A, we reduced the cyclosporine A dose to 7 mg/kg every other day. The patient's symptoms have since been well controlled for 6 months. This study suggests that cyclosporine A can be a good choice for treating cats with suspected allergic dermatitis that has not responded positively to steroid treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2011

Purpose: Facial contouring surgery for improving congenital, acquired deformity and senile change were attempt in past. Recently contouring surgery became more interested subject for improving the flat forehead and temple area. Many synthetic materials were used such as Collagen, silicon, polyacrylamide gel as liquid form and Gore-tex, silicon implant, endotine as solid form. But, these synthetic implants associate complications as foreign body reaction, infection, displacement, granuloma formation and absorption. Auto-fat injection are used for disfigurement of many part of body. We did auto-fat injection for facial contouring of forehead and temple region. Auto-fat injection is suitable without foreign body reaction, displacement, and toxic reaction. Also auto-fat is relatively simple to obtain from patient and less expensive and able to repeat surgeries. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, 150 patients were treated with Auto-fat injection for facial contouring. For follow up, we sent questionnaire to all patients but 110 patients returned answer sheets. The patients consisted of 20 male patients and 90 female patients with an age ranged from 26 to 60, and the mean 43. Fat tissue were injected 6-8 cc in forehead, 7-12 cc in temple area and fat were harvested from thigh and abdomen. Results: In follow up, all patients, showed absorption of injected fat varied degree and except two patients all patients underwent secondary fat injection. Complications were minimal and neuropraxia of facial nerve were recovered. Most of the patients were satisfied with result of procedure, and answered that they recommend same procedure to their friends and will do surgery again. Conclusion: Auto-fat injections were implemented for facial contouring in 150 patients and obtained satisfactory result. Auto-fat injection is relatively easy procedure and applicable widely. Even though, by passing time, some of the injected fats are absorbed, auto-fat injection could be choice of treatment for contouring forehead and temple. With accumulations of cases and development of surgical technique, better result could be expected.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Sternal fractures after blunt thoracic trauma can cause significant pain and disability. They are relatively uncommon as a result of direct trauma to the sternum and open reduction is reserved for those with debilitating pain and fracture displacement. We reviewed consecutive 11 cases of open reduction and fixation of sternum and tried to find standard approach to the traumatic sternal fractures with severe displacement. Methods: From December 2008 to August 2010, the medical records of 11 patients who underwent surgical reduction and fixation of sternum for sternal fractures with severe displacement were reviewed. We investigated patients' characteristics, chest trauma, associated other injuries, type of open reduction and fixation, combined operations, preoerative ventilator support and postoperative complications. Results: The mean patient age was 59.3years (range, 41~79). The group comprised 6 male and 5 female subjects. Among 11 patients who underwent open reduction and fixation for sternal fracture with severe displacement, 6 cases had isolated sternal fractures and the other 5 patients had associated other injuries. Sternal fractures were caused by car accidents (9/11, 81.8%), falling down (1/11, 9.1%) and direct blunt trauma to the sternum (1/11, 9.1%), respectively. 3 of the 7 patients (42.9%) who underwent sternal plating with longitudinal plates showed loosening of fixation. Otherwise, none of the 4 patients who underwent surgical fixation using T-shaped plate had stable alignment of the fracture. Conclusion: Sternal fractures with severe displacement need to be repaired to prevent chronic pain, instability of the anterior chest wall, deformity of the sternum, and even kyphosis. In the present study, a T-shaped plate with a compression-tension mechanism constitutes the treatment of choice for displaced sternal fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2017

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is common in laryngologic practice. In Korea, up to 1 out of every 5 patients who visit otorhinolaryngology clinic is supposed to have LPRD with symptoms and physical findings. Major symptoms of LPRD include hoarseness, cough, reflux symptom and mild dysphagia. Even though LPRD is common, its diagnosis may be difficult, because its symptoms are nonspecific and the laryngeal findings are not always associated with symptom severity. In Recent study, 66.4% of Patient who has LPRD also associated with esophageal motility disorders. Esophageal achalasia is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by an absence of peristalsis in the body of esophagus and nonrelaxing hypertension of the lower esophageal sphincter. Common cause is loss of ganglion cells in Auerbachs plexus. The classic triad of symptoms in achalasia includes dysphagia, regurgitation and weight loss. LPRD and esophageal achalasia have similar symptoms but have different treatment of choice. The Differentiation diagnosis of theses disease is important and should be established by history, radiologic examination and endoscopic examination. We recently assessed a 59-year-old female patient who complained of an epigastric pain, dysphagia and chronic cough. LPRD was initially diagnosed on Laryngoscopic examination and Reflux Symptom Index, but patient was not relieved of any symptoms after treatment of Proton Pump Inhibitor for 3 months. After high resolution manometry, esophageal achalasia was finally diagnosed. We report this case regarding the diagnosis and treatment with review of literatures because we have to think about esophageal motility disorders as a differential diagnosis in laryngology.