• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.45-66
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• 1997

This thesis is a study on the kaftan styles iin Asia. The purpose of he study was to examine the origin o the kaftan concentrating on the history and cultural backgrounds of nomads in he Western Central and North Eastern Asia. Secondly for more thorough study and expla-nation on how these kaftans contributed to East-West trade along the silk road. wall paintings and miniature illuminations along Oasis roads persia and Saracen period were compared, Also real kaftans were compared and analyzed the characteristics of Western (Turkey palestine) Central(Kazakistan Uz-bekistan Tadzhistan Qyrgyztan Turkmenistan) and the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the style classifications according to their peculiarities of the various kaftans as well as how kaftan gave important influences on custumes of different religious sects. The kaftan is a long coat-like garment with front openings fastened with long sash having an extra long sleeves which were worn by middle and high class nomadics throughout the West Central and North Eastern Asia This type of kaftans were a basic clothing for nomadics since they were constantly moving fromone to another areas on their horse back riding. They also wore tight trousers with boots. Kaftans seem to be originated from nomads of Steppe around B.C. 800 On B. C 400 west asian areas such as Solokha Kul-oba Kulogan had pictures sculptues on vases showing kaftans of half coat type length with front opening tied with band. Also the materials used were the products of animals such as wool or felt with animal designs showing Scythian nomads. In the North Eastern Asia Hsiung-Nu were active in Kazakha North Altai and Mongol The Clothing and fabrics exfavated near Noin-ula Pazyrik showed many samples of kaftan with trousers with other interment be-longings with a corpse around B.C 300 to A. D 100 when trades along the silk roads were proven by many historians Kaftans excavated in this area wore red front opening silk materials which suggesting settling down of nomads. in he central Asia Dol-gull near Altai mountain area were mainly miners who later had many trades with Persia and Bizantine. After Dol-gull Bezeklik temple Samarkant Kizil cow Budda sculture wall paintings of Astana tomb showed typical kaftan of this re-gion. These were both hip covered length as well as long coat with narrow sleeves. Es-pecially they had different color band fron the main kaftan with grogeously and splendously designed silk. In perusia during A. D 1400 to 1600 minia-ture illumination showed kaftan as a high class symbol more than clothing purpose. They had best quality silk with extra long sleeves draping and had a layers of kaftans one on top of anther as a symbol of wealth These Kaftans with different colors and designs were even more beautiful with their effective combinations and contrast of colors. On the other hand the lower class common people and servants wore simple kaftan with the front part of the kaftan were slipped into the belt in order to be more active and con-venient to work, The real kaftans discovered at Topkapi Saray palace of Turkey from A. D 1300 to 1900 were also compared. These kaftans were very numerous in numbers as well as designs The materials and designs used were also vari-ous such as Chinese to Italian silk. The shaped and pattern itself were not much different from the previous nomad's Kaftans. The Palestian kaftans remained were from the beginning of 19th and 20th century. Since this area is hot and dry desert they used black and navy blue colors mostly in order to exclude the sun lights. The patterns used were similar to Nomads and Bedouin with cross stiches and patch work decorations. In the central Asia they had similar life style and natural environmental cnditions with Turkish tribe which resulted in similar kaftan styles as nomads. Mongols conserved basic patterns of kaftan since Cinggis Khan with deep folding in order to keep warm. At last the kaftans studided in this thesis were classified in to four such as half coat long coat jacket and vest style. A pattern used in the Central Asia were zigzag and ani-mal design whereas in the West Asia were floral plant arabesk and circle pattern. As I discussed previously kaftan styles of nomads in the Asia maintained its basic pat-tern throughout the history except slight changes in color gusset sleeve shapes. These slight changes were made according to the need to adapt the need of environmental natu-ral conditions, The reason for aboriginality of kaftan in Asia was its simplicity and con-venience Most interesting fact is that for all these years Mongols are still wearing kaftan in their life ensuring us that they art the preserves of old kaftan. Since this thesis dealt enormous Asian regions I had a limitation of not being able to cover the Far Esatern asian areas such as Korea China and Japan how these kaftans were influenced in their clothing history as well as Eastern and Western culture. This topic along with the studies on materials and designs of patterns of kaftan will be another research project in the future.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.315-329
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• 1999

이 연구는 경상북도 성주군 성주읍 및 충청남도 논산시 양촌면에 거주하는 주민 640명을 대상으로 대상자의 일반적 특성, 건강 관련문항, 의견불일치와 관련된 문항 등으로 구성된 면담지를 이용한 직접 면담조사로 이루어졌다. 의견불일치의 조작적 정의는 의사의 진료에서 진단, 처방, 치료 등의 전반적인 진료과정에서 동의할 수 없는 의견을 경험하거나 느낀 적이 있는 경우로 하였다. 조사대상자의 162%가 의견불일치의 경험을 보고하였으며, 의견불일치후 행동을 취한 사람은 8.7%였다. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성과 의견불일치의 경험에서는 단일분석결과 연령, 교육수준, 소득수준, 및 지역이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 의견불일치는 진단관련이 40.6%로 가장 많았으며, 의사와 환자간의 관계에서 28.2%로 두 번째로 많았고, 치료 또는 처치관련, 19.9%, 약 처방 관련이 11.3%였다. 의견불일치 후 취하여진 행동은 '다른 의견을 구하거나 진단처방을 위해 다른 의사를 찾아갔다'가 53.6%로 가장 많았으며 '의사에게 직접 말로써 항의하거나 다른 것을 요구하였다' 35.7%, '치료나 약 복용을 중지하였다' 18%, '같은 의사에게 다시 찾아갔다' 16%, '병 의원 방문을 끊었다.' 25.0% 순이었다. 의견불일치 유형에 따른 의견불일치 후 취해진 행동을 분석해보면 먼저 비행동자는 치료와 관련한 의견불일치에서 44.4%로 가장 많았으며, 진단관련 41.7%, 환자-의사관계 40.5%, 약처방관련 31.6%순이었다. 의사에 대한 환자의 의견불일치 경험 유무를 종속변수로 한 조사대상자의 일반적 특성을 투입한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 연령, 결혼상태, 만성질환유무, 보건의료에 대한 일반적인 만족도가 기여변수 선택되었으며, 의견불일치 후 취한 행동유무를 종속변수로 두었을 때는 결혼상태가 선택되었다. 이 조사연구는 실험적이고 탐색적인 연구로 의사와 환자간의 관계를 환자의 의사에 대한 의견불일치와 취해진 행동에 사이를 관계와 그 수준을 평가함으로써 잠재적인 불만족의 수준이 높음을 확인하였으며, 그로 인한 행동사이의 관계도 의미있는 결과를 시사하는 바, 우리 나라의 의료분야에서 관심을 가져야하는 또 다른 과제임을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.308-322
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• 2002

The main objective of this paper is to examine the working conditions of physical therapists and to investigate the level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment under different working conditions. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for the physical therapists working in Busan area, and data from 175 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Survey items included general characteristics of the therapists(sex, age, education, marital status, religion, income, career years, etc.), their working conditions(kinds of organizations they work in, location of PT room, weekly working hours, average number of patients, number of co-workers, equipments/facilities, etc.), and organizational effectiveness measured in terms of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Major results are as follows: 1) As for the general characteristics of the surveyed physical therapists, male(51.4$\%$) slightly exceeded female(48.6$\%$) and majority(more than 90$\%$) was 20-39 in age. Also, there were more single(57.7$\%$) than married(42.3$\%$), and 54.9$\%$ of the respondents had religion while 45.1$\%$ did not. In terms of the ranks in their organizations, only a few of them(6.9$\%$) were managers, and monthly salary mostly ranged from $\￦$1,000,000 to $\￦$2,500,000. More than half of them worked in various kinds of hospitals, with the remaining in health centers or social welfare institutions. 2) In regard to the working conditions of the respondents, 19.4$\%$ of PT rooms were located in basement areas while the remaining 80.6$\%$ in first to third floors. 34.3$\%$ of them treated 15 patients or less per day, whereas 25.1$\%$ treated 31 patients or more. Also, 52$\%$ recorded physical therapy charts periodically. As for the equipments and facilities, 25.1$\%$ felt 'sufficient' and 40$\%$'insufficient.' 3) The respondents provided various kinds of suggestions for the improvement of their working conditions, where the most important were 'salary raise' and 'reduction of working hours.' In addition, their requests to the PT Association included 'permission of opening of independent practice,' 'permission of legal specialty,' and 'vitalization of the Association.' 4) The comparative analysis of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among different characteristics of the respondents revealed that there was no significant difference between male and female, but in terms of age, the group of 40 or older was highest in both aspects. Besides, therapists who had 15 or more years of hospital career reported higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than the others. It was also found that the level of organizational commitment increased as the rank of the respondents got higher. There were no significant differences in terms of marital status and religion. 5) Comparison with regard to working conditions showed that therapists employed in university hospitals, health centers and social welfare institutions felt higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than those in community hospitals and clinics. Also, respondents who worked in basement areas had significantly lower job satisfaction than otherwise. The length of weekly working hours did not really affect the level of job satisfaction, but it was important to maintain 'regular working hours' for the hospitals to improve the employees' organizational commitment. As for the number of patients per day, 'medium level' (21-25 patients) had highest scores in both aspects. And, finally, sufficiency of equipments and facilities was found to be important for the improvement of organizational commitment.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2007

한국에너지기술연구원에서는 중온 ($700{\sim}800^{\circ}C$) 작동용 연료극 지지체 평관형 SOFC 스택을 구성하는 단위 번들을 개발했다. 연료극 지지체 평관형 셀은 Ni/YSZ 서밋 연료극 지지체 튜브, 8몰% $Y_2O_3$ stabilized $ZrO_2$ (YSZ) 전해질, $LaSrMnO_3$ (LSM)과 LSM-YSZ composite 및 $LaSrCoFeO_3(LSCF)$로 구성된 다중층 공기극으로 구성됐다. 제조된 연료극지지체 평관형 셀은 유도 브레이징 법에 의해 페리틱 (ferritic) 금속 캡에 접합됐고, 공기극의 전류집전을 위해 공기극 외부에 Ag 선 및 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}CoO_3(LSCo)$ paste를 이용했으며, 연료극의 전류집전은 Ni felt, wire, 그리고 paste를 이용했다. 단위 번들을 만들기 위한 연료극 지지체 평관형 셀의 반응 면적은 셀 당 $90\;cm^2$ 이었으며, 2개의 셀이 병렬로 연결되어 1개의 단위 번들이 됐고, 총 12개의 단위 번들이 직렬로 연결되어 스택을 구성한다. 공기 및 3%의 가습된 수소를 산화제 및 연료로 사용한 단위 번들의 운전 결과 최대 성능은 $800^{\circ}C$에서 $0.39\;W/cm^2$의 출력이 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 연료극 지지체 평관형 SOFC 셀의 기본 기술과 KIER 만의 독특한 연료극 지지체 평관형 SOFC 스택을 구성하는 단위 번들의 개념을 확립할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1989

Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제12권
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• pp.269-327
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to meet more fully the demands for improved training of library personnel, occasioned by the rapidly changing roles and functions of libraries as they try to adapt to the vast social, economic and technological changes currently in progress in the Korean society. The specific purpose of this research is to develop a standard curriculum at the batchelor's level that will properly equip the professional personnel in Korean libraries for the changes confronting them. This study started with the premise that to establish a sound base for curriculum development, it was necessary first to determine what concepts, knowledge, and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform it at an optimal level of efficiency. Explicitly, it was felt that for the development of useful curricula and courses at the batchelor's level, a prime source of knowledge should be functional behaviours that are necessary in the job situation. To determine specifically what these terminal performance behaviours should be so that learning experience provided could be rooted in reality, the decision was reached to use a systems approach to curriculum development, which is an attempt to break the mold of traditional concepts and to approach interaction from an open, innovative, and product-oriented perspective. This study was designed to: (1) identify what knowledge and techniques are required for professional library personnel to perform the job activities in which they are actually engaged, (2) to evaluate the educational needs of the knowledge and techniques that the professional librarian respondents indicate, and (3) to categorise the knowledge and techniques into teaching subjects to present the teaching subjects by their educational importance. The main data-gathering instrument for the study, a questionnaire containing 254 items, was sent to a randomly selected sample of library school graduates working in libraries and related institutions in Korea. Eighty-three librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. After analysing the returned questionnaire, the following conclusions have been reached: (A) To develop a rational curriculum rooted in the real situation of the Korean libraries, compulsory subjects should be properly chosen from those which were ranked highest in importance by the respondents. Characters and educational policies of, and other teaching subjects offered by, the individual educational institution to which a given library school belongs should also be taken into account in determining compulsory subjects. (B) It is traditionally assumed that education in librarianship should be more concerned with theoretical foundations on which any solution can be developed than with professional needs with particulars and techniques as they are used in existing library environments. However, the respondents gave the former a surprisingly lower rating. The traditional assumption must be reviewed. (C) It is universally accepted in developing library school curricula that compulsory subjects are concerned with the area of knowledge students generally need to learn and optional subjects are concerned with the area to be needed to only those who need it. Now that there is no such clear demarcation line provided in librarianship, it may be a realistic approach to designate subjects in the area rated high by the respondents as compulsory and to designate those in the area rated low as optional. (D) Optional subjects that were ranked considerably higher in importance by the respondents should be given more credits than others, and those ranked lower might be given less credits or offered infrequently or combined. (E) A standard list of compulsory and optional subjects with weekly teaching hours for a Korean library school is presented in the fourth chapter of this report.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

이 연구는 산업장 근로자가 인지하는 구강 증상 및 전반적 건강상태에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 관한 요인을 파악함으로써 근로자의 구강건강을 실제적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 구강건강증진사업 및 산업구강보건제도 개선에 필요한 기초자료로 제공하고자 하며, 2011년 8월 8일부터 8월 31일까지 경상북도 소재의 대한산업보건협회에서 건강검진을 받는 산업장 근로자 총294명을 대상으로 최종 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남자 중 30대가 38.9%, 여자는 20대가 39.3%를 차지하여 남녀간의 차이를 보였고 (p<.000), 근속년수는 남자가 3년 미만이 29.8%, 여자는 3-5년이 35.0%를 차지하여 남녀간의 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 학력에서는 남자는 대졸 39.7%, 여자는 전문대졸 49.7% 로 남녀간의 차이를 보였고(p<.000), 결혼유무에서는 남자가 미혼 57.3%, 여자는 기혼 52.1%로 남녀간의 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 가구소득에서는 남자가 200-299만원 33.6%, 여자는 300-399만원 26.4%로 남녀간의 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 2. 구강내 관련 증후 및 증상은 '혀 또는 입 안쪽 뺨이 욱신거리거나 아픈 경우'가 남녀간의 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 3. 일반적 특성에 따른 구강건강관련 삶의 질 점수는 70만점에 남자가 52.34점, 여자가 51.11 점으로 남자의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 점수가 높았다. 4. 전반적 건강상태에 따른 OHIP-14는 기능적 제한영역, 신체적 동통영역, 정신적 불안영역, 신체적 장애영역, 정신적 장애영역, 사회적 장애영역 및 사회적 분리영역 모든 세부영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<.05). 5. 주관적 구강건강상태에 따른 OHIP-14는 '건강한 편이다' 57.27점으로 가장 높았고, '매우 건강하다' 52.75점, '보통이다' 52.40점, '건강하지 않다' 49.24점, '매우 건강하지 않다' 42.50점으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.000). 6. 구강내 증후 및 증상에서 따른 OHIP-14는 불편감이 적은 군에서 52.89점으로 높게 나타났으며(p=0.000), 세부적으로는 기능적 제한에서 3.61점(p=0.008), 신체적 동통에서 3.52 점(p=0.000), 정신적 불안 3.79점(p=0.000), 정신적 장애 3.90점(p=0.000), 사회적 장애 3.87 점(p=0.002), 사회적 분리에서 4.06점으로 높게 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p=0.000). 결론적으로 구강내 증후 및 증상이 적을수록, 전반적인 건강상태 및 구강건강상태가 좋다고 인식함으로써 구강건강관련 삶의 질이 높다고 평가되었다. 산업장 근로자들의 삶의 질 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있도록 근로자 특성에 맞는 효과적인 교육매체와 적합한 교육방법, 구강검진과 계속구강건강관리와 같은 산업구강보건제도의 체계화가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.840-849
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• 2005

본 연구는 농어촌과 섬지역을 포함하고 있으며, 노령화가 가속화되고 있는 통영시 거주지역주민들을 대상으로 올바른 건강식품의 선택과 섭취를 위한 정보제공 및 영양교육의 기초자료를 마련하고자, 도시지역인 동지역, 농어촌 지역인 읍면지역 및 섬지역으로 구분하여 거주지역별, 성별 건강식품의 이용실태와 건강관련 제요인과의 상관성을 조사하였다. 조사대상자는 남자 $44.7\%$, 여자 $55.3\%$였고, 연령은 남녀모두가 3, 40대까지의 비율이 가장 높은 분포를 보였다 직업은 무직, 주부, 판매직 순이었으며, 농어업에 종사하는 사람은 적었다. 교육수준은 무학, 고등학교졸업, 중학교졸업, 전문대졸이상, 초등학교 순이었다. 섬지역주민들의 건강자각 상태가 읍면지역, 동지역에 비해 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 개인적인 스트레스 원인유형을 보면 경제문제, 직장문제, 건강문제 순으로 나타났으며, 남녀 모두 경제문제가 스트레스의 주요 원인이었다. 피로도의 경우 특히 섬지역에서 피로를 항상 느낀다는 비율이 동지역보다 2배 정도 높았다. 조사대상자의 $31.8\%$가 흡연을 한다고 했으며, 남자 $57.5\%$,여자 11.0$\%$로서 남자가 여자에 비해 횔씬 높은 흡연율을 보여 성별간 유의 적인$(p\leq0.001)$ 차이를 나타내었다. 섬지역의 경우 흡연시작 연령이 20세미만의 경우가 $34.8\%$였고, 음주를 처음으로 경험해본 연령은 20세미 만의 경우가 $35.2\%$로 나타났으며 $94.4\%$가 적어도 1주일에 $1\~2$회 이상 술을 마시며, 1회 음주량도 다른 지역에 비해 유의적$(p\leq0.001)$으로 많은 것으로 나타났다. 건강식품과 스트레스 및 피로도와의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 영양제 복용은 섬지역이 동, 읍면지역 보다 2배 가까이 높게 나타나 유의적인$(p\leq0.01)$ 결과를 보였으며 자신의 건강에 대한 건강자각상태가 좋을수록 더 많이 복용하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 피로도와의 상관성의 경우 피로도를 느끼는 회수가 많을수록 건강보조식품의 섭취가 증가하였다. 건강식품과 흡연 및 음주와의 상관성을 본 결과 흡연의 경우 영양제와 보신식품의 섭취는 흡연자와 비흡연자간의 유의적인 차이$(p\leq0.05)$를 나타내었지만, 건강보조식품의 섭취는 흡연자와 비흡연자와의 관련성은 나타나지 않아 흡연의 여부에 관계없이 복용하는 것으로 나타났다 음주의 경우 음주자와 비음주자 모두에서 영양제, 건강보조식품, 보신식품의 복용과는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다 특히 노인인구의 비율이 높은 읍면지역 및 섬지역의 음주문화는 주로 식사를 하면서 반주로 마시는 경우가 많아 음주가 일상화 되어 있다고할 수 있다. 따라서 음주로 인한 질병 예방이나 치료를 목적으로 건강식품을 섭취한다는 인식은 하지 않고 있다. 본 연구결과 통영시에 포함되어 있는 읍면 및 섬지역은 노령화가 가속화되고 있으며,도시의 생활권에서 벗어나 의료혜택을 충분히 받지 못하는 열악한 환경에 놓여 있는 실정 이다. 또한 이 지역은 노인인구의 비율이 높으며 , 교육수준도 낮아 건강식품에 대한 정확한 영양지식과 영양에 관한 정보를 충분히 갖지 못할 뿐아니라, 균형잡힌 식생활을 실천하기보다는 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 건강식품을 통해 건강을 유지하려는 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시를 중심으로 한 획일적인 영양교육보다는 각 지역의 특성을 배려한 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 복식
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.76-90
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• 2015

This is a basic study of the two remaining armors (artifacts number K2366, K2368) from the late Joseon dynasty that is part of the Korean costume collection, which is preserved in the Mission Museum of Saint Ottilien in Germany. The armor No. 1 (artifacts number K2366) is a coat-styled armor with brass studs. It has a U-shaped neckline with the non-overlapping collars and sleeve straight-lined inseam. The armor No. 1 has the Mu to the sides and is not back slit. Both its inner and outer material are padded with cotton. Leather mails are attached on the inner lining, and studs are attached on the outer lining to match the leather mails. For this reason, the armor No. 1 can be named MyeonPiGab (brass studded armor consisting of a cotton coat with internal leather mails). The outer material is faded to have the natural white, or antique white look and the patterns on it are indigo blue. The inner material is blue, but the original color is unknown since it is faded. The lotus blossoms and vine patterns are dyed on the surface of the outer material and a name is written on the inner material. The armor No. 1 was worn between the late 17th century and the 19th century. It is estimated that it was worn by military officers who were above the mid-rank in the end of the Joseon dynasty. The armor No. 2 (artifacts number K2368) is a coat-styled armor with brass studs and a low-cut U-shaped neckline. The armor No. 2 has a slit on the left armpit and a string around it. Studs are evenly attached on the armor. The iron mails are attached to the left chest area on its inner lining. It seems that it was designed with both formality and functionality in mind. The outer material is red flannel, the inner material is blue satin and the pads are cheesecloth. The side of its collars, cuffs, front lines, sidelines, back slit, and bottom lines are trimmed with fur. There are armors called "JeonCheolGap (brass studded armor consisting of a felt coat with internal iron mails)," which is similar to the armor No. 2, however, the similarities are limited because they are not made of the same material nor do they follow the same principle of nomenclature.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.735-744
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and stress-adaptation patterns of students preparing for the national dental hygiene certification examination. Methods : The subjects in this study were dental hygiene juniors in four selected colleges located in the metropolitan area. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed. Results : 1. Concerning motivation of choosing the department of dental hygiene, the largest group that accounted for 72.2 percent chose it due to employment prospects. As to satisfaction level with the department, 40.4 percent were satisfied. In relation to employment prospects, 54.1 percent thought the prospects were bright. 2. They got a mean of 3.23 in stressors. To be specific, they felt the most stress due to test anxiety(3.70), followed by leisure insufficiency (3.21), the uncertainty of the future(3.18) and parental pressure(2.64). 3. They got a mean of 2.02 in stress-adaptation method. They got 2.31 and 1.72 in long-term and short-term adaptation respectively, which showed that long-term stress adaptation method were more prevailing than short-term ones. 4. As for the relationship of the stressors, there was positive correlation among all the test anxiety, future uncertainty, leisure insufficiency and parental pressure, and their correlation was statistically significant(p<0.000). 5. Regarding connections between general characteristics and the stressors, whether they spent two years or more for college admission, satisfaction level with the dental hygiene department, employment prospects and health status made significant differences to the stressors (p<0.05), and there were significant gaps in adaptation patterns according to academic standing, satisfaction level with the department and health state(p<0.05). Conclusions : The dental hygiene students were under great pressure since they had to prepare for the national dental hygiene certification examination to become a certified dental hygienist, one of professional health care workers. Therefore stress counseling programs and stress-coping programs should be developed to relieve the stress of dental hygiene students who are going to take the national dental hygiene certification examination. And they should be assisted to stay away from stress and to handle their stress in a more active manner.