• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.903-915
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• 2004

Now in Korea, many factors-for example, unemployment rate rise, consumer prices, corporate restructuring, etc.-are threatening family economy. Thus many households are faced with an economic crisis. In this circumstances, it is the role of households as a subsystem of family system to keep family and household economy stable for the sake of family growth and development. Economic well-being is differentiated by criterion of household economic status. But it has a large scale of spectrum: household income, asset, consumption, debt and the like. Moreover, these indices have been understood and measured differently by many researchers. In this thesis, we made efforts to distinguish subjective satisfaction from objective satisfaction, and then focus on the former. The data were collected from 399 housewives living in Pusan through questionnaires.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2007

This study investigates differences by type of caregiving using data on three groups of caregivers, 177 from home stay situations, 189 from day care centers, and 138 from nursing homes. First, the result shows that characteristics of both caregivers and elders differ by type of caregiving. Second, caregivers in the home stay situation have the highest caregiving burden of the three groups. Third, from examination of the related variables, the caregiving burden of home stay caregivers is affected by family income, caregivers' health, type of job, and whether or not the elder has symptoms of dementia. Also, the study reveals that emotional services for elders reduce the aggravation of family relations and economic burden, but that instrumental services highly increase economic burden. It reveals that caregivers of elders in day care centers, especially those who are in bad health, are more likely to experience feelings of constriction, aggravation of family relations and economic burden. On the other hand, caregivers who receive more emotional services have better experiences in family relations, including relations with the elder. In case of the elders of nursing homes, if the main caregiver is a daughter-in-law, aggravation of family relations is higher than if the main caregiver is a spouse. Finally, the caregiver's burden is affected by their own health and income, and by whether the elder has symptoms of dementia or stroke.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2010

This is a study that explores the influence of self-differentiation and acculturation among married immigrant women on their feelings of marriage satisfaction by residential area. The aim was to verify the level of self-differentiation and acculturation that married immigrant women secure from multicultural marriage. To achieve this objective, the study widely distributed a questionnaire that targeted women who were participating in education and other services at health and family support centers, multi-cultural family support centers, general social welfare centers, immigrant women shelters, and Korean language classrooms which are located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang. Data analysis involved frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way-Anova, and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistics, two factors, namely, (1)interpersonal-relation differentiation, a sub-scale of self-differentiation, and (2)marginalization, a sub-scale of acculturation, had the lowest average. In verifying its various hypotheses, the study achieved the following results. Firstly, among demographic characteristics, there was difference of the mean in the marriage period, average monthly income, the frequency of meetings with the married woman´s parents-in-law and her own parents, and the average cost of supporting the woman's parents-in-law and her own parents. Secondly, among demographic characteristics, the variable of influencing marriage satisfaction showed negative influence in the case of women dwelling in farming and fishing villages. This shows that women residing in cities whether small, medium or large have higher marriage satisfaction. Also, as a result of verifying whether self-differentiation has influence on marriage satisfaction, the element of interpersonal-relations differentiation had a negative influence on marriage satisfaction. Thirdly, as for influence of acculturation upon marriage satisfaction, the study showed that just integration, which is a sub-scale of acculturation had positive effect on marriage satisfaction. In other words, the study showed that the interpersonal-relation differentiation among the sub-scales of self-differentiation among married immigrant women had a negative influence, and that integration among the sub-scales in acculturation had a positive influence on marriage satisfaction. Based on these results, in order to increase interpersonal-relation differentiation, as well as marriage satisfaction among immigrant women, the study suggests the integration of the women's families with the nuclear and extended families in the communities where the women reside.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2012

In recent years, national health insurance(NHI) coverage had been expanded gradually for cancer as a severe disease requiring high level of medical expenditure, to reduce patient's financial burden. But, subjective burdens level for out-of-pocket(OOP) money expense are still considerable owing to high medical cost and decent numbers of services not covered by benefit plan. This study aimed to investigate OOP medical expenditures and identify factors influencing subjective financial burden in cancer patients. A 28-items questionnaire for self-reporting by responders was designed to satisfy study goal and finalized following by one pilot study and experts' verification process. Subjects were enrolled during July to October 2010 through regular meetings organized by five patient or patient-advocacy groups had acknowledged the study purpose. Subjects who aged 20 or more, have histories of cancer diagnosis and anticancer drug use, and voluntarily agreed to participate in this study were recruited. Total 107 subjects included in the analysis have cancer lesions in breast, colon, kidney, liver or stomach at the stages from I to IV. Approximately 73% of them has passed less than 5 years since cancer diagnosis. For the OOP medical expenditure regarding cancer, less 6 million won was in 31%, 6-15 million won in 35% and more than 15 million won in 28% of responders, and more than half responders(58%) felt financial burden subjectively. 63% of responders had subscribed commercial insurances, resulting in money receipts of more than 10 million won since cancer diagnoses in 76% of responders. Logistic regression results showed significant differences in subjective OOP financial burden level depending on gender, household income level, benefit type, commercial insurance money receipt degree, year cancer diagnosed, cancer lesion, therapy type, duration of anticancer drug use, drug listing in national formulary, total OOP medical expenditure and total OOP anticancer drug expense. They had mixed feelings both wishes to expand NHI coverage to reduce financial burden(70%) and no willingness to increase premium(59%). This result suggested that NHI might direct future strategies to reduce absolute total OOP medical cost and expand benefit plan coverage in higher burden groups in particular.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.124-141
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• 2011

우리나라의 식문화는 크게 변화하고 있는데, 그 중에서 외식화는 가장 대표적인 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 변화의 요인에는 외식 기회의 확대와 소비자 욕구의 다양화, 소비의식 및 소비내용의 변화, 가처분소득의 증가, 여성의 사회진출 등의 요소와 더불어 여러 가지 관련된 산업이 발전한 데 그 원인을 찾아 볼 수 있다. 이러한 상황속에서 패스트 푸드 업계는 다소 성장이 둔화된 반면 패밀리 레스토랑과 테이크 아웃 커피 업계는 매장을 늘리는 계획을 세우고 있으며, 매출을 점차 확대시키려는 공격적인 경영을 하고 있는 추세라 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 커피 전문점 시장에서 소비자의 브랜드 개성과 만족도가 커피전문점 브랜드 신뢰, 브랜드 감정, 브랜드 일체감, 브랜드 애호도형성에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지에 대하여 살펴보려 한다. 둘째, 선호하는 커피전문점의 종류와 경험 횟수, 그리고 라이프 스타일에 따라 커피전문점에서 소비자의 브랜드 개성과 만족도가 신뢰, 감정과 브랜드 일체감, 충성도 형성에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 달라지는지에 대하여 살펴보고 이와 관련된 전략을 수립하고자 한다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 브랜드개성과 고객 만족도는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고객 만족도와 브랜드 신뢰의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 고객 만족도와 브랜드 감정의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 브랜드 신뢰도와 브랜드 일체감의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 브랜드 감정과 브랜드 일체감의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 브랜드 일체감과 브랜드 충성도의 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 브랜드 충성도를 형성시키기 위한 방안으로 브랜드 개성의 차원을 제시 하여 그 영향력을 유의함을 밝혔다는 점이다. 따라서 브랜드 충성도를 형성할 수 있는 적절한 브랜드 개성을 개발해야 하는 필요성에 대한 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 둘째, 커피 전문점을 이용하는 소비자들은 브랜드 개성의 차원과 고객 만족도의 관계를 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 브랜드 일체감고 브랜드 충성도의 영향관계는 기존의 선행 연구들의 이론들을 뒷받음을 못 하고 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.184-195
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• 2000

It has been believed that cancer is an omnious factor threatening the future and life itself. Patients having the disease experience anxiety, fear, feeling of weakness, depression and feelings of uncertainty and hopelessness. Most cancer patients, however, have expectations of possible recovery and a better future, very different from the patients who feel hopeless. Therefore. hope allows people to respond effectively to the fatal disease they have and prevents them from detoriorating physically and spiritually, positively influencing their survival, response to treatment and sense of security. Studies previously performed showed that hope is positively correlated with social and family supports, self-esteem, spiritual well-being, responsive action, health promotion behavior and quality of life. Thus, the study attempted to provide basic information on nursing cancer patients by investigating their levels of hope and determining predictive factors which influence hope. For the study 200 cancer patients in two university hospitals located in Pusan were sampled as subjects. Data were collected for twenty nine days from Feburary 1, 1999 to March 1. Instrumets for the study included 10 items from the self-esteem scale by Rosenberg (1965), 39 hope measurements by Kim and Lee(1965), 16 of the social support scale by Tae(1986) and 16 of the general characteristics scale, all of which totaled 81 items. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. General characteristics of the investigated based on numbers and percentage. Hope, self-esteem and social support were analyzed using means, minimum, maximum and standard deviation. Relations among the foregoing three factors were analyzed using Pearson' correlation coefficient. Levels of hope in cancer patients were determined using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. Predictive factors influencing hope were investigated using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. An average level of hope was $185.55{\pm}23.39$ points(96 min. and 234 max.) 2. Levels of hope showed a significant difference among them according to sex (t=-3.69, P=.000), age(F=4.714, P=.000), job(F=3.247, P=.008), monthly income (F=6.113, P=.003), treatment charge (F=3.796, P=.011), supportive resources (F=10.554, P=.000), diagnosis(F=2.287, P=.029), perceived health status(F=22.184, P=.000), level of pain(F=3.334, P=.021), religion (F=4.911, P=.001) and religion's effect in life (F=11.706, P=.000), 3. For the subjects, self-esteem and social support were $38.32{\pm}7.21$(13 min, and 50 max.) and $52.97{\pm}8.49$points(28 min, 80 max.). Concerning social support, average levels of family support and medical support were found $35.95{\pm}6.05$(18 min, and 40 max) and $27.02{\pm}4.99$ points(20 min and 40 max). The hope the cancer patients showed significant correlations with self-esteem (r=.588, P=.000), family support(r=.224, p=.001) and medical support(r=.221, P=.002). 4. The five variables related to hope (self-esteem, religion's effect in life, perceived health status, social support and age) accounted for 54.2 percent of the hope level; especially, self-esteem was the highest at 34.6%. As shown in the above results, predictive factors which most influence hope in cancer patients were self-esteem and religion's effect of life. Therefore, nursing interventions to increase self-esteem should be developed. Regarding religion's effects, studies on spiritual aspects should be carried out in a way that contributes to promotion of hope.