• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.711-717
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• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain accurate data on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance of dietary protein which the korean take in habitually. Subjects were 8 male college students, aged from 20 to 26, and maintained their menu and life pattern as usual during a 4-week study. The same amount of diet that the subjects had consumped, and feces and urine were collected and measured to extract their nitrogen content data by Kjeldahl method. From above data, the apparent digestibility and the body nitrogen balance were estimated by determining daily protein intake and excretion. The daily protein intake measured by Jjeldahil method was 88.3$\pm$ 0.9g(1.45/kg of body weight /day) which marked 8.3% higher than that estimatd by food analysis table. The proportional of animal protein against total protein intake was 50.4$\pm$ 2.3%. Daily fecal protein loss was 14.3$\pm$0.6g and the apparent digestibility was 83.8$\pm$ 0.7%. The urinary nitrogen excretion was 10.30$\pm$0.19g. The nitrogen balance considering nitrogen excretion from feces indicated positive balance of 1.06$\pm$0.20g.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.240-242
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• 2018

A 1-year-old, female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) presented signs of weight loss and dark browncolored diarrhea. On fecal examination, numerous intact and broken red blood cells were found, but both parasites and inflammatory signs were absent. No significant findings were seen in serum biochemistry profiles, including electrolytes, with negative feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI). Diagnostic kits using feces or peripheral blood were negative for feline parvovirus, feline coronavirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia virus. Based on the result of feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentration ($4.6{\mu}g/L$), the tiger was provisionally diagnosed to have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). After this diagnosis, pancreatic enzymes were prescribed. The feces of the tiger returned to normal form and her weight was increasing. EPI is uncommon and not described extensively in Felidae, including domestic cats. Feline EPI is associated with a variety of non-specific signs and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with weight loss, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal signs. In this case, the patient was strongly suspected to have EPI based on the very low fTLI concentration, though the concentration of fTLI in tigers has not yet been determined. This is the first report to present a suspected EPI case in Bengal tigers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2015

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cellulose concentration in diets containing no phosphorus (P) on the basal endogenous loss (BEL) of P in growing pigs. Twelve barrows (an initial mean body weight = $49.6{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually housed in metabolism crates. Pigs were allotted to 4 experimental diets according to a cross-over design with 12 animals and 2 periods. Four P-free diets were mainly based on corn starch, sucrose, and gelatin, and were formulated to contain 0%, 4%, 8%, or 12% cellulose. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection period. The marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. The feed intake (p<0.05, linear and quadratic) and dry feces output (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) were increased with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. However, P concentration in the feces was decreased (p<0.01, linear and quadratic) with increasing dietary cellulose concentration. There was no significant difference in total P output and the BEL of P as mg per kg DMI (ranging from 157 to 214 mg/kg of dry matter intake) among experimental diets. However, values for the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and calcium were linearly decreased (p<0.01) with increasing cellulose concentration in the diet. In conclusion, dietary cellulose affected the amount of feces and digestibility of energy and nutrients, but did not affect the endogenous loss of P.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

본 연구는 16~18세의 남자 고등학생 7명을 대상으로 4주 동안 평상시와 같은 생활 양식과 적정 체중을 유지시키면서 각 대상자들이 섭취한 모든 음식과 배설한 대변 및 소변을 수거하여 단백질 및 칼슘의 함량을 측정하여 1일 1인당 섭취량과 배설량을 측정하였고 이로부터 흡수율과 평형을 구하였다. 1일 1인당 평균 단백질 섭취량은 73.9$\pm$1.9g, 대변을 통한 단백질 손실량은 10.9 $\pm$0.4g으로 84.9 $\pm$0.5%의 단백질 흡수율을 보였다. 소변을 통한 질소 손실량은 8.76$\pm$0.22g 으로 1.33$\pm$0.28g의 양성 평형상태를 보였다. 1일 1인당 평균 칼슘 섭취량은 515.3$\pm$19.3mg, 대변을 통한 칼슘 손실량은 221.6$\pm$14.1mg으로 57.1$\pm$2.7%의 칼슘 흡수율을 보였다. 소변을 통한 칼슘 손실량은 102.6$\pm$8.4mg으로 192.4$\pm$19.5mg의 양성 평형상태를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.531-538
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• 1993

본 연구는 8-12세의 남녀 국민학생 각각 8명씩을 대상으로 4주간 평상시와 같은 생활양식과 식생활 환경하에서 에너지 섭취량(GE)과 체내 에너지 보류량 (BE)의 변동을 측정하므로서(에너지 평형법) 에너지 소비량을 산출하였다. 에너지 섭취량과 대변으로의 에너지 손실량(FE)은 열량계로 측정하였고 소변으로의 에너지 손실량(UE)은 질소 배설량으로부터 환산하였다. 체내 지방조직량(FM)은 피부두께를 측정하여 산출한 신체 밀도법에 의하였다. 총 에너지 섭취량에 대한 당질, 단백질 및 지방질의 구성비는 남자 아동이 각각 70.0$\pm$0.5%, 10.2$\pm$0.3% 및 19.9$\pm$0.5%이었으며 여자 아동이 각각 74.0$\pm$1.7%, 10.7$\pm$0.3%및 15.3$\pm$0. 5%이었다. 총 에너지 섭취량에 대한 대변으로의 에너지 손실율은 남자 및 여자 아동별로 각각 5.1%및 4. 5%이었다. 대변과 소변으로의 에너지 손실량을 감하여 산출한 1일 1인당 평균 대사에너지량(ME)은 남자 및 여자 아동별 각각 1862$\pm$15kca1 및 1627$\pm$20kca1 이었다. 28일 동안의 체성분 변동량으로부터 산출한 체내 총 에너지 변동량(BE)은 남자 및 여자 아동별로 각각 평균 +1524$\pm$539kcal 및 +3622$\pm$718kcal가 증가하였다. 1일 1인당 평균 에너지 소비량은 남자 아동이 1812$\pm$37kca1이고 여자 아동이 1487$\pm$25kcal로서 체중 kg당 에너지 소비량은 남자 및 여자 아동별로 각각 62 $\pm$2kcal 및 52 $\pm$2kcal이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.639-647
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• 1992

본 연구는 16세~18세의 남자 고등학생 7명을 대상으로 4주간 평상시와 같은 생활양식과 적정 체중을 유지시키면서 각 대상자들이 섭취한 모든 음식과 배설한 대변 및 소변을 수거하여 단백질 및 아연의 함량을 측정하여 각각 1일 1인당 섭취량과 배설량을 측정하였고, 이로부터 흡수율과 평형상태를 구하였다. 그 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1일 1인당 평균 단백질 섭취량은 $73.89{\pm}1.89g,$ 대변을 통한 단백질 손실량은 $10.86{\pm}0.37g$으로, 소화흡수율은 $84.9{\pm}0.5%$이었다. 소변을 통한 질소 배설량은 $8.8{\pm}0.2g$으로 $1.3{\pm}0.3g.$의 양의 질소 평형상태를 보였다. 1일 1인당 평균 아연 섭취량은 $14.51{\pm}0.44mg,$ 대변을 통한 아연 손실량은 $7.82{\pm}0.30mg$으로, 소화흡수율은 $43.6{\pm}2.9%,$이었다. 소변을 통한 아연 배설량은 $4.96{\pm}0.19mg$으로 $1.72{\pm}0.58mg.$의 양의 아연 평형상태를 보였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

이 연구는 2009년 1월부터 9월까지 총 4회(1월, 4월, 7월 9월) 사천만에서 해수와 표층퇴적물의 세균학적 이화학적 특성을 조사한 것이다. 조사기간 중에 수온은 $5.3{\sim}24.9^{\circ}C$(평균 $17.7{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$), 투명도는 1.4~2.5m(평균 $1.8{\pm}0.5m$), 부유물질 농도는 16.2~35.8mg/L(평균 $24.2{\pm}2.2mg/L$), 화학적산소요구량 (COD)는 $1.42{\sim}3.29mgO_2/L$(평균 $2.06{\pm}0.55mgO_2/L$), 용존산소(DO)는 6.7~9.5mg/L(평균 $7.9{\pm}0.6mg/L$)로 각각 조사되었다. 대장균군과 분변계대장균의 검출 범위는 <1.8~7,900 MPN/100mL (GM 214.7 MPN/100mL)과 <1.8~330 MPN/ 100mL (GM 9.7 MPN/100mL)로 각각 나타났다. 대장균군은 시료의 75.0%, 분변계대장균은 57.1%가 각각 양성을 나타내었다. 대장균군에 대한 분변계대장균의 양성율은 76.2%로 나타났다. 조사기간 중에 사천만에서의 표층퇴적물의 수분함량, 강열감량, COD 및 AVS의 평균값은 $53.28{\pm}2.58%$, $9.38{\pm}0.42%$, $14.23{\pm}3.36mgO_2/g$, $0.09{\pm}0.07mgS/g$로 각각 조사되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

Portulaca oleracea L. (PL) has been used in traditional medicine herb for treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the PL regulates the inflammation by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although PL might have improvement effects of intestinal function and bioactive effects, there are not enough studies to demonstrate. This study investigated the effects of KDC16-2 on the improvement of intestinal function and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. The improvement effect of intestinal function was measured fecal amount, water content and intestinal transit rate in KDC16-2 treated ICR mice. As results, compared with the control group, the KDC16-2 group showed a significant increase in wet fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content. The intestinal transit rate of KDC16-2 group was significantly increased. Based on the results, KDC16-2 is considered to have effects on improving intestinal function. The effect of anti-inflammatory demonstrated by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. The mice were administered 3% DSS along with KDC16-2 (100, 300 mg/kg) for 14 days. DSS-induced colitis mice were significantly ameliorated in KDC16-2 treated group, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, tight junction protein of colon and histological colon injury. The levels of inflammatory mediators (IgG2a, IgA, C-reactive protein and Myeloperoxidase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-6) which are involved in inflammatory responses were increased in the DSS-treated group as compared to those in the control group, and the levels were significantly decreased in the KDC16-2 groups. In addition, we investigated the impact of KDC16-2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 cells. KDC16-2 inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggested that the KDC16-2 could effectively alleviate the dysfunction of intestinal and inflammatory mediators. Thus, these KDC16-2 can be potentially used as health functional food of intestinal.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2019

Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young claves and is still a major cause of productivity and economic loss in livestock farms. Fecal samples from Korean native cattle (n=100) with diarrhea from 64 farms in Gwangju area, Korea from september 2017 to December 2018 were examined for shedding of important protozoan parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens using culture, rapid test kit and PCR methods. Of 57 (89.1%) of the 64 Korean native cattle farms examined had samples infected with at least one of the investigated pathogens. Among 100 fecal samples, 88 samples were positive for at least one the twelve pathogens and 51 samples were simultaneously positive for two or more pathogens by culture and PCR assay. Bovine group A rotavirus (BRV) was the most common pathogen, found in 43/100 (43.0%) samples on 32/64 (50.0%) farms. Subsequently, kobuvirus (30.0%), pathogenic E. coli (29.0%), bovine parvovirus (17.0%), Giardia spp. (13.0%), Eimeria spp. (10.0%), Clostridium perfringens type A (8.0%), bovine torovirus (8.0%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (6.0%), bovine coronavirus (5.0%), bovine norovirus (2.0%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.0%) were detected. Nebovirus, kırklareli virus, bovine adenovirus, Salmonella spp. and intestinal parasites were not detected. Of the 72 calves sampled in this age group, 64 (88.9%) samples were positive for at least one enteropathogen. BRV was identified in 34/72 (47.2%) samples from 27/48 (56.3%) farms. Subsequently, pathogenic E. coli (30.6%), kobuvirus (29.2%), BPaV (22.2%), Giardia spp. (15.3%), Eimeria spp. (9.7%), BVDV (6.9%), Cl. perfringens type A (6.9%), BCoV (4.6%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2.8%) were detected in fecal samples. A total of ninety-six strains of E. coli were isolated from one hundred fecal samples collected from Korean native cattle with diarrhea. The presence of stx1, stx2, eaeA, LT, STa, STb, ehxA, saa, F4, F5(K99), F6, F17, F18 and F41 genes in the isolates was investigated by PCR. Out of ninety-six E. coli isolates screened for specific genes, 30 strains E. coli were identified to harbor shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) 7 (7.3%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 8 (8.3%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 6 (6.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 2 (2.1%) and STEC/ETEC hybrid 7 (7.3%). This study provides epidemiological estimates of the prevalence of Korean native cattle's enteropathogens in Gwangju area, Korea, which would be used for cattle farmers and veterinarians to select appropriate therapeutic method.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

농지-임야유역의 비점원으로부터 발생하는 미생물학적 오염물질 부하량을 추정하기 위하여, 농지와 임야가 혼합된 3개 시험유역에서 동일한 2개 강우사상에 대한 지표미생물 유출 특성을 조사하였으며, 지표미생물항목은 대장균군(total coliform: TC), 분원성 대장균(Fecal coliform: FC), 대장균 (Escherichia coli: EC), 분원성 연쇄상구균(Fecal streptococcus: FS)이었다. 농지-임야 유역의 강우시 유량변화에 따라 토사유실로 인하여 부유물질 농도가 상당히 증가하였다. 지표미생물 농도는 유량변화와 상당히 밀접한 관계를 보였다. 대부분 오염되지 않은 임야로 구성되어 있는 첫번째 유역의 강우유출수 TC EMC(Event Mean Concentration)는 $5.3{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$이었으며, FC EMC는$1.4{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$, EC EMC는 $1.1{\times}10^3CFU/100ml$, FS EMC는 $3.9{\times}10^2CFU/100ml$이었다. 임야유역과 농지유역이 혼합되어 있는 제 2 유역의 지표미생물에 대한 EMC는 TC EMC가 $1.7{\times}10^5CFU/100ml$, FC EMC가 $8.5{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, EC EMC가 $8.9{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, FS EMC가 $3.4{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$로 나타났다. 농지와 임야가 혼재되어 있으나, 유역면적이 큰 제 3 시험유역의 지표미생물에 대한 EMC는 TC EMC가 $1.9{\times}10^5CFU/100ml$, FC EMC가 $9.6{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, EC EMC가 $7.0{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$, FS EMC가 $5.1{\times}10^4CFU/100ml$로 나타났다.