• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.993-1004
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• 2009

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of non-ionic surfactant (NIS) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and performance of beef steers fed high-roughage diets. The objective of experiment 1 was to investigate the effects of NIS supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation of cultures administered with corn and barley as grain substrate and rice straw and timothy hay as roughage substrate. The in vivo ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance and digestibility of nutrients were also examined with steers fed a high-roughage diet in experiment 2. The aim of experiment 3 was to determine the responses to NIS of growing steers fed a high-roughage diet. In experiment 1, ammonia nitrogen concentration for NIS supplementation was higher (p<0.05) than for the control with all substrates. However, concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, butyrate and valerate of the incubated roughage substrates, rice straw and timothy hay, were higher (p<0.05) for NIS supplementation than for the control whereas VFA concentrations in the cultures of corn and barley were unaffected. These results indicated that effects of NIS on ruminal fermentation are diet dependent, specifically on roughage sources. In experiment 2, ruminal pH of steers supplemented with NIS was lower (p<0.05) than the control. Ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetate, total VFA and urinary concentrations of purine derivatives were increased (p<0.05) by NIS supplementation. In experiment 3, supplementation of NIS increased (p<0.05) intakes of total feed and corn silage, average daily gain, and feed efficiency of growing steers although they varied depending on supplementation level. Due to the roughage-specific feature of NIS effects, NIS appears to enhance ruminal fermentation of fibrous parts of feeds and, consequently, performance of steers fed a high-roughage diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1705-1714
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• 2019

Objective: Reducing roughage feeding without negatively affecting rumen health is of interest in ruminant nutrition. We investigated the effects of roughage sources and concentrate types on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite levels in growing cattle. Methods: In this 24-week trial, 24 Hanwoo cattle ($224{\pm}24.7kg$) were fed similar nitrous and energy levels of total mixed ration formulated using two kinds of roughage (timothy hay and ryegrass straw) and two types of concentrate mixes (high starch [HS] and high fiber [HF]). The treatments were arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial, consisting of 32% timothy-68% HS, 24% timothy-76% HF, 24% ryegrass-76% HS, and 17% ryegrass-83% HF. Daily feed intakes were measured. Every four weeks, blood were sampled, and body weight was measured before morning feeding. Every eight weeks, rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube over five consecutive days. Results: The mean dry matter intake (7.33 kg) and average daily gain (1,033 g) did not differ among treatments. However, significant interactions between roughage source and concentrate type were observed for the rumen and blood parameters (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest (p<0.05) in timothy-HF-fed calves. With ryegrass as the roughage source, decreasing the roughage inclusion rate increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio; the opposite was observed with timothy as the roughage source. Similarly, the effects of concentrate types on plasma total protein, alanine transaminase, Ca, inorganic P, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations differed with roughage source (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing the dietary roughage inclusion rate by replacing forage neutral detergent fiber with that from non-roughage fiber source might be a feasible feeding practice in growing cattle. A combination of low-quality roughage with a high fiber concentrate might be economically beneficial.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국인의 영양상태를 파악할 수 있는 반정량 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 개발하고 이 조사지의 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 반정량 식품섭취빈도 조사지는 국민건강영양조사의 빈도가 높고 영양소별 섭취량에 대한 기여도가 높은 급원 식품을 참고하였고 비슷한 영양소별, 지방 함량, 조리 방법 등을 고려하여 88개의 식품항목으로 선정하였다. 1회 섭취 분량은 0.5인분, 1인분, 1.5인분의 3개의 구간으로 나누었고 섭취 빈도는 지난 1년 동안 평균적으로 얼마나 자주 먹었는지를 9개의 구간으로 분류한 반정량 식품섭취빈도 조사지를 개발하였다. 개발한 조사지의 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 건강검진을 목적으로 대학병원의 건강증진센터에 내원한 111명을 대상으로 반정량 식품섭취빈도 조사지와 3일 식사 기록지를 동시에 조사한 후 두 조사방법에 의한 영양소 섭취량의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 남녀 모두에서 식사기록법보다 식품섭취빈도 조사법에서 열량, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 섭취량이 유의적으로 높아 식품섭취빈도법이 식사 기록법보다 다소 과대 추정되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 두 조사방법에 의한 영양소 섭취량의 spearman 상관 계수를 보면 평균 0.402이었고, 포화지방산이 0.121로 가장 낮았고, 열량이 0.583으로 가장 높은 상관성을 보였다. 열량, 탄수화물, 단백질이 각각 0.583, 0.500, 0.466으로 다량영양소가 비교적 높은 상관성을 보였다. 또한 알코올도 0.527로 유의적인 높은 상관성을 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 반정량 식품섭취빈도 조사지는 지금까지 보고된 국내의 여러 연구에서 제시한 상관성의 범위를 크게 벗어나지 않았고 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 다량영양소와, 열량, 섬유소, 알코올, 그리고 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 아연 등 미네랄 등과 유의적인 상관관계를 보여 이러한 영양소와 관련 있는 만성질병과의 역학연구에 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 상관관계가 낮게 보인 비타민과 지방산 종류의 섭취측정에는 어려움이 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

This work was conducted to investigate the performance and meat characteristics of commercial Korean native duck (KND). A total of 180 1-d-old ducklings of 2-way crossbreds from A and B lines (from National Institute of Animal Science) were used in this work and divided into 4 groups (3 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate). The four groups were 4 crossbreds as AA (A line [♀]${\times}$A line [♂]), AB (A line [♀]${\times}$B line [♂]), BB (Pure line B strains) and BA (B strains [♀]${\times}$A strain [♂]). Ducks were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal for 0 to 3 wk (22.4% crude protein [CP], 2,945 kcal/kg metabolizable energy [ME]) and 3 to 8 wk (18.4% CP, 3,047 kcal/kg ME). As a result of this study, average body weight of 4 crossbreds were 625, 1,617, 2,466, and 2,836 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, and significantly increased over the period of time (p<0.05). Body weight of BB group was greater than other crossbreds at the age of 6 weeks (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in weekly body weight gains (p<0.05), which were 573, 991, 850, and 371 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks old, respectively. Uniformity of 4 crossbreds was 84.9%, 80.5%, and 72.5% at 6, 7, and 8 weeks, respectively, and there was no difference among crossbreds. Body weight gain of BB crossbred was highest among crossbreds (p<0.05). Weekly feed intake significantly increased with weeks as 669, 1,839, 2,812, and 3,381 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively (p<0.05). Feed intakes of AA and BB crossbreds were higher at 2 to 4 weeks old than others and that of BB crossbred was highest at 4 to 6 weeks old (p<0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratios were 1.17, 1.86, 3.32, and 9.37 at 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 8 weeks old, respectively, and it increased with age (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio among crossbreds. Carcass yields of 4 crossbreds were 73.6%, 71.6%, 73.5%, and 71.7%, respectively, so there was no significant difference among crossbreds. There was no difference in wing, neck, breast and leg ratios among crossbreds. However, back ratios of 4 crossbreds were 17.6%, 18.0%, 15.8%, and 17.6%, respectively, and back ratio of BB was the highest among crossbreds. Finally, these results may provide the basic data on the production, carcass quality, fatty acid and amino acid composition of commercial KND with 2-way crossbreeding.