• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.131-160
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed determination of punishment of victimizers presented in sentencing(81 plaintiffs, 95 sentencing) for 55 cases involving child maltreatment fatalities between 2001 and 2015. The results showed that about 40% of main victimizers were imposed relatively minor punishment such as probation or imprisonment for less than 3 years. Judgments that deviated from lower limit comprised large proportion in connection with compliance with standards for statutory punishment and punishment determination. The elements of punishment determination, such as earnest rearing of child, psychological pain arising from death of child, sense of guilt, motivation that can be considered, were found to have a significant influence on mitigation of punishment although such elements could be judged differently, depending on perception or subjective tendency of judges towards child abuse. Even abetters in a position to prevent death of child were imposed minor punishment mostly by probation or monetary penalty. This study presented the need to reconsider the circumstances of punishment determination which has been conventionally mentioned in cases involving child maltreatment fatalities, such as first offender, accidental crime, person with parental rights, fosters, agreement with family of the deceased, etc. Moreover, this study suggested the need to reinforce child abuse prevention training for law enforcement officers and to revamp standards for determining punishment unique to the cases of child abuse in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

The population over 65 years old is 12.7% of total population in 2014 and Korea is going to be an aged society in the near future. The transportation vulnerable including the aged should be guaranteed in walking mobility under safe and comfortable environment for their socio-economic activities. For the era of fusion and convergence this paper investigated the characteristics of walking accidents related to the aged pedestrians and analyzed the aged-oriented walking factors with a reaction time and a walking speed at crosswalks in Yeosu. In the results, the crashes for the aged occur at 9.9% of total crashes and the fatalities of the aged are 40.3% of total fatalities in 2014. The 47.4% of the aged fatalities is also attributed to vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents. The 49.3% of all pedestrian fatalities occurs at the aged pedestrians with a very high proportion. The reaction time and walking speed for the aged were determined as the values located at the lower 15%-tile of the elderly physical ability. It is shown that the reaction time is 4.56 seconds and the walking speed is 0.76 m/s in the case of Yeosu. From two factors' standpoint, the walking environment at crosswalks in Yeosu is inappropriate for the aged.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.38-49
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• 2015

Seoul has 424 traffic fatalities in 2010 and 227 of them related to pedestrian crashes. In addition, it revealed that 40% of pedestrian fatalities occurred during jaywalking. Through the effective methods preventing jaywalking can save lots of people, and it can reduce social costs pertinent to pedestrian crashes. Therefore, this study is to suggest the methods preventing jaywalking through conducting literature reviews, human factors with pedestrian and vehicle characteristics, as well as geometric features of accident site or spot. Firstly, in order for examining the contributing factors of accident, this research conducts statistical analysis on pedestrian accidents specifically in jaywalking. Secondly, the analysis on human factors about pedestrian and drivers revealed that drivers with high speed play pivotal roles in pedestrian fatalities. Thirdly, Road and environment factors showed both expected and contradictory results through analyzing total numbers of lane or dry/icy pavement conditions. Consequently, this study can be used to prevent and alleviate pedestrian accidents as well as expected to be applied to future researches about pedestrian safety facilities.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.278-287
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• 2000

In Korea, countermeasures against earthquake disasters such as the seismic performance evaluation and/or retrofit scheme of buildings have not been fully performed since Korea had not been experienced many destructive earthquakes in the past. However, due to more than four hundred earthquakes with slight/medium intensity occurred in the off-coastal and inland of Korea during the past 20 years, and due to the great earthquakes occurred recently in neighboring countries, such as the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake with more than 6,500 fatalities in Japan and the 1999 Ji-Ji Earthquake with more than 2,500 fatalities in Taiwan, the importance of the future earthquake preparedness measures in Korea is highly recognized. The main objective of this paper is to provide the basic data for development of a methodology for the future earthquake preparedness in Korea by investigating the concept and applicabilities of the Japanese Standard for Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Existing RC Buildings developed in Japan among the methodologies of all over the world. In this paper, a seismic performance evaluation method of the existing reinforced concrete buildings is proposed based on experimental data of columns and walls carried out in Korea by referring the Japanese Standard, especially focusing on the Strength Index(C) among the indices in the seismic capacity index(IS) equations. Also, the seismic capacities of two existing reinforced concrete buildings in Korea are evaluated based on the proposed methodology and the Japanese Standard, and the correlations between the seismic capacities by the proposed methodology and the Japanese Standard are discussed.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea 2005. Vehicle-Pedestrian accident generates trajectory of pedestrian. In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables. But existing studies have been done for simple factors. The variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian can be classified into vehicular factors, pedestrian factors, and road factors. The trajectory of pedestrian, dynamic characteristics of multi-body were analyzed by PC-CRASH, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident. PC-CRASH enables an analyst to investigate the effect of many variables. The influence of the offset of impact point was analyzed by Working Model. Based on the results, the variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian were vehicular frontal shape, vehicular impact speed, the offset of impact point, the height of pedestrian, friction coefficients of pedestrian. However the weight of pedestrian did not affect trajectory of pedestrian considerably.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea 2005. Vehicle-Pedestrian accident generates trajectory of pedestrian. In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables. The variables that influence trajectory of pedestrian can be classified into vehicular factors, pedestrian factors, and road factors. Vehicular factors are the frontal shape of vehicle, impact speed of vehicle, the offset of impact point. Many studies have been done about the relation between impact speed and throw distance of pedestrian. But the influence of the offset of impact point was neglected. The influence of the offset of impact point was analyzed by Working Model, and the trajectory of pedestrian, dynamic characteristics of multi-body were analyzed by PC-CRASH, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident. Based on the results, the increase of offset reduced the throw distance of pedestrian. However box type vehicle just like bus, the offset of impact point did not influence the throw distance of pedestrian considerably.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.76-81
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• 2009

The fatalities of pedestrian account for about 21.2% of all fatalities at 2007 year in Korea. To reconstruct exactly the accident, it is important to calculate the throw distance of pedestrian in car to pedestrian accident. The frontal shape of SUV vehicle is dissimilar to passenger car and bus, so the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicle is not the same of passenger car and bus. The influencing on it can be classified into the factors of vehicle and pedestrian, and road factor. It was analyzed by PC-CRASH for simulation, and SPSS s/w was used for regression analysis. From the simulation results, the maximum impact energy of multi-body of pedestrian was occurred to that of torso body at the same time. And the throw distance increased with the increasing of impact velocity, and decreased with the increasing of impact offset. Also it decreased with the increasing of velocity of pedestrian at accident, and the throw distance of wet road was longer than that of dry road. Finally, the regression analysis model of SUV(Nissan Pathfinder type)vehicle in car to pedestrian accident was as follows; $$disti_i=-0.87-0.11offseti_i+0.69speed_i-4.27height_i+0.004walk_i+0.63wet_i+{\epsilon}_i$$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

The fatalities of pedestrian accounted for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea (2005 year). In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables, such as vehicular frontal shape, vehicular impact speed, the offset of impact point, the height of pedestrian, and road condition. The trajectory of pedestrian after collision can be influenced by vehicular frontal shape classified into sedan type, box type, SUV type and van type. Many studies have been done about pedestrian accident with passenger car model and bus model for simple factors. But the study of pedestrian accident by van type vehicle was much insufficient, and even that the influence of multiple factors such as the offset of impact point was neglected. In this paper, a series of pedestrian kinetic simulation were conducted to inspect relationship between throw distance and multiple factors with using PC-CRASH s/w, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident for van type. By based on the simulation results, multi-variate regression was conducted, and regression equation was presented.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

Proportion of falling from height accident at construction work accounts for more than 40%, and the number of injuries is getting increased. So without considering falling from height, we can say that it's hard to achieve our goal(accident prevention). Another critical point that we have to think about theses days is the fact that construction workers are getting older. To be specific, the number of workers who are above 50 years old accounts for 65.6% among the fatalities(2007~2011, KOSHA inspection). Accordingly, to effectively prevent construction accedents, especially falls from height, we need to focus on motion analysis of older construction workers and then make suitable measures for growing accident rates at construction work.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2012

Singapore, an island republic of over 5 million inhabitants, has 3.1 million workers. Most are employed in the service, finance and tourist/transport industry. Significant numbers work in manufacturing, construction and heavy industry. Following a series of construction and shipyard accidents with multiple deaths in 2004, the government announced its intention to reduce workplace fatalities from 4.9 to 2.5 per 100,000 by 2015. There was strong political will to achieve this target. The strategic approaches were to build workplace safety and health (WSH) capabilities; implement legislative changes with enforcement; promote benefits of WSH and recognize best practices, and enhance partnership with stakeholders. The anticipated outcomes were to reduce workplace fatality and injury rates; have WSH as an integral part of business; and establish a progressive and pervasive WSH culture. With these measures, the workplace fatality rate declined from 4.9/100,000 in 2004, to 2.2/100,000 in 2010. However, other confounding factors could also account for this decline, and have to be considered. The next target, announced by Singapore's Prime Minister in 2008, is to further reduce the workplace fatality rate to 1.8/100,000 by 2018, and to have "one of the best workplace safety records in the world".