• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2 s.9
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to a increased state of fat tissue caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. To define genes that affected by different nutrient, we study gene expression from mice which were fed different nutrient. Epididymal and retro-peritineal adipose tissue were increase in high fat diet feeding mice compared with control, but liver and spleen were not. In serum, total cholesterol were differently increase in high fat diet feeding mice but total triglyceride and free fatty acid were not. That was maybe result of energy balance regulation in vivo system. aP2, PPART2 and FAS genes that were increased during adipogenesis were inclosed in high fat diet fed mice compared with control. In microarray assay, 1.4% of total genes were affected in epididymal adipose tissue by different nutrient. 1.1% of total genes were decreased down 0.5 fold and 0.3% were increased over 2 fold. These results indicated that many genes are affected in adipose tissue by nutrient.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.376-379
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• 2020

Supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) flap is a common donor site for vascularized lymph node transfer for the treatment of lymphedema. Chyle leakage is a rare but serious complication after harvesting SCLN flap in the neck. We report a case of chyle leakage at the SCLN donor site and its successful management. A 52-year-old woman underwent SCLN transfer for treatment of lower extremity lymphedema. After starting a regular diet and wheelchair ambulation on the 3rd postoperative day, the amount of drainage at the donor site increased (8-62 mL/day) with the color becoming milky, which suggested a chyle leak. Despite starting a low-fat diet on the 4th postoperative day, the chyle leakage persisted (70 mL/day). The patient was started on fat-free diet on the 5th postoperative day. The amount of drainage started to decrease and the drain color became more clear within 24 hours. The drainage amount remained less than 10 mL/day from the 8th postoperative day, and we removed the drain on the 12th postoperative day. There was no seroma or other wound complications at follow-up 4 weeks after the operation. The current case demonstrates that a fat-free diet can be a first-line treatment for low output chyle leakage after a SCLN flap.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to find effects of high fat diet and endurance exercise on mitochondria biosynthesis and insulin resistance in male Wister rat. Th rats were randomly separated into 4 groups: A, Isocaloric high fat diet group (50% of calories from fat), B. Chow group, C. Isocaloric high fat diet with endurance exercise (treadmill running, slop 8%, 23 m/min, 120 min/day, 5 days per week), D. Chow group with endurance exercise. Both Isocaloric high fat diet group and chow group were given an equal caloric composition with 3.2kcal/g. equal amount of food were checked every day and given to both groups. 4 weeks of high fat diet did not show any change in body weight and amount of body fat. Further the level of glucose and insulin in blood, and insulin-stimuilated glucose transport rate in epitrochlearis muscle was not affected by Isocaloric high fat diet. However, the endurance exercise showed statistically significant change in the level of insulin in blood. Although either Isocaloric high fat diet or endurance exercise alone did not change on mitochondria biogenesis marker, Isocaloric high fat diet with endurance exercise could induce the increased level of marker (p<0.05). Also, plasma free fatty acids were increased in this group. From this investigation, Isocaloric high fat diet with moderate-intensity endurance exercise is effective way to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ leaves, stems, roots (ACL, ACS, ACR) on the change of weight and the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced Dy high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACL of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACS of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACR of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total lipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. Sample A group was decreased the body weight (4 weeks, 7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol level, the serum triglyceride level, the serum free fatty acid and phospholipid level but increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. Sample B group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum free fatty acid and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. 4. Sample B group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 5. Sample C group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4 weeks) and the serum free fatty acid level in comparison with Control group. 6. Sample C group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest ACR is able to be used for the obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.211-223
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Rhizoma Arisaematis water extract on lipid and glucose metabolism and histochemical change of obese rats. Methods and materials : 10 rats were divided into normal, control and RA (Rhizoma Arisaematis) groups. We fed the control group a high-fat diet and administered normal saline for 8 weeks. We fed the experimental group of rats a high-fat diet and administered an extract of Rhizoma Arisaematis for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. The groups were examined for effects on blood serum lipids, blood sugar, blood insulin concentration and epididymal fat cells. Results : 1. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and glucose of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(P<0.05). 2. Serum LDL-cholesterol, total lipid, free fatty acid and the average size of epididymal fat cells of the RA group decreased compared with those of the control group. These decreased rates were significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : These results suggest that RA may be used to prevent or cure the obesity iniduced by a high-fat diet.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2006

This study aimed to determine whether troglitazone stimulates genes related to fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, leading to modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in high fat diet-fed mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=10/group). After they received either a high fat diet or the same high fat diet supplemented with troglitazone for 4 weeks, the effects of troglitazone on gene expression and physiology of WAT were measured using Northern, histological and serological analyses. Administration of troglitazone induced the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in mesenteric WAT. Troglitazone also significantly increased uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels. The changes in WAT gene expression were accompanied by reductions in circulating levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides as well as glucose and insulin. Histological studies showed that troglitazone treatment decreased the average size of adipocytes in mesenteric WAT. These results suggest that troglitazone-stimulated WAT expression of genes associated with fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation regulates WAT metabolism of high fat diet-fed mice, contributing to improvement of insulin sensitivity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.184-187
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• 1999

Increase in fat mobilization by capsaicin(CAP) was investigated in high-fat-fed mice using an adjustable current water pool. Male ICR 7-wk-old mice were fed a high fat diet [50% total energy content in the diet(E%) fat, 20 E% protein, 30E% carbohydrate] for 2 wk and one group (HCAP) was orally administered CAP at 2 h before swimming. After being accustomed to swimming , the mice were subjected to forced swimming every 2d in the current water pol and the total swimming period until exhaustion was measured . The total swimming period was used as index of swimming capacity. Swimming time to exhaustion of treated mice was significantly longer than that of the high-fat-fed control group (100.2$\pm$10.6 vs. 58.0$\pm$8.5min, P<0.01) after 2wk of training. The concentration of serum-free fatty scids gradually increased up to 2 h in CAP -administered mice. The perirenal adipose tissue weight of CAP -administered mice (HCAP) before swimming was lower than that of the high-fat-fed mice adminstered placebo solution (HP) which had not ingested CAP during the 2 wk. These results suggest that the increase of swimming capacity of CAP-administered high-fat-fed mice was due to an increase of fat mobilization that was induced by CAP.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1412-1418
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• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. I fed normal group fed normal diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, control group fed high fat diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample A group fed high diet and administered YGJT 300mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample B group fed high diet and administered YGJT 500mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A and Sample B were significantly decreased body weight(4weeks) and serum free fatty acid level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample A was significantly decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level and serum total lipid level, but significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample A was decreased serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. 4. Sample B was increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 5. Sample B was decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. According to above results, I suggest YGJT is able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.817-826
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• 2005

Recently it has been reported that vitamin A and retinol binding proteins (RBPs) in blood and urine were changed in the condition of diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia. Fruits and vegetables are recommended to consume for the people suffered from these chronic degenerative diseases. The main components of fruits and vegetables are dietary fibers, for example cellulose and pectin, of which function to affect the absorption and excretion of dietary fat and fat-soluble substances. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on RBPs mRNA expression in liver, small intestine and serum of rat fed high fat diet during 4 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 121g on average, were divided into four groups; (Control; $17\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet, HF0: $25\%$ fat & fiber free diet, B:.Uc: $25\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet and HF0: $25\%$ fat & pectin supplement diet) . The rats fed high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) tended to consume the food less than the control group, but FER of HF0 groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) . The weight of adrenal gland in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) was significantly less than the control. Total lipid in feces daily excreted and in liver did not show any significant differences among the groups. Total cholesterol in HFP group was significantly different from that of HFC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in other group tended to lower than other groups and HDL cholesterol higher. Consequently, AI (atherogenic index) was the lowest in HFP group. Vit A contents in feces daily excreted tended to lower in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFP) compared to the control group. That content in adrenal gland was the lowest in HF0 group, but not in liver. In HFP group were down-regulated cRBPI mRNA in liver and cRBPII mRNA in small intestine and up-regulated RBP and transthyretin expression in serum compared to the other groups. In conclusion, dietary fibers, especially pectin, in high fat diet might down-regulate the expression of CRBP I, CRBP II mRNA in liver and small intestine, but increase the secretion of RBP into serum and therefore inhance the bioavailability of Vit A through the body. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 817$\sim$826,2005)

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to 9% compared with the previous experimental obesity-induced metabolic function in rats that it was a mixture of pear extract and herbal drugs(Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix) on high fat diet-induce obesity rats. Methods : The animals were used in male rats. Control group fed high-fat diet only. Experimental groups were divided four, ExpI group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Lycii Fructus 9%, Exp II group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Coicis Semen 9%, Exp III group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Alimatis Rhizoma 9%, and Exp IV group was fed high-fat diet with a mixture pear extract and Astragali Radix 9% for 4 weeks. Results : The body weight gain increased in all groups, but attenuated gradually in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The food intakes were significantly lower in all Exp groups than the control group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and free fatty acid were significantly lower in Exp II than in the control group. Also the concentration of serum free fatty acid was significantly lower in the Exp IV group than in the control group. In inflammatory activities, the Exp II, IV group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion : The results indicated that Exp I group (administered a mixture of pear extract and Lycii Fructus) reduced fat accumulation, body weight and the highest elevated lipid metabolism, while the Exp II group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Coicis Semen) and Exp IV group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Astragali Radix) had the highest elevated immune activity.