• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of weight control by using the commercial appetite suppressant ((-)-hydroxycitric acid(HCA) formula) and nutrition education on 72 obese women over a period of 8 weeks. During the study it conducted nutritional education for women to control their weight, thus analyzed their changes in anthropometric variables. All obese women were randomized in a double-blind method to consume either HCA(HCA group : experimental group) or placebo(placebo group : control group). Two groups were also divided randomly into 2 groups combined with commercial formula diet in 1 meal a day(HD group and PD group : HCA + gormula diet and placebo + formula diet) or not(HO group and conducted with 4 groups(HD, HO, PD, and PO group). All subjects were assigned to consume 800-1500kcal/d balanced diet which is 500kcal less than their usual energy requirement. To evaluate the effect of the weight control program, weight, percent of body fat, waist and hip circumferences, and 5 skinfold thickness were measured up to 5 times in all obese women. The mean weight of the subjects at the onset of the study was 76.5$\pm$10.6kg. The mean body mass index(BMI) wa 30.1$\pm$3.8 and it was in the upper 5 percentile of mean BMI of Korean women. At the end of the program, mean weight loss was 3.5kg after 2 weeks(p<0.001), and 5.8kg after 4 weeks(p<0.001). The waist, hip ratio(WHR) and skinfold thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominum showed significant reduction over the entire study period(p<0.05). These outcome were evaluated by effect of nutritional education and counselling. The reduction of % of body fat was significantly different among the 4 groups. Women who administrated HCA demonstrated more change in weight, BMI than the placebo group. There was also significant reduction in body composition (% of body fat, WHR, and skinfold thickness) than the other groups. The HD group which was administrated HCA combined with formula diet was more decreased than other groups. It showed that this program using commercial HCA and formula diet induced not only a change in weight but also a change in body composition. The outcome of this study suggests that HCA has a more effctive change on weight control which is carried out with nutritional education and counselling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a sorghum-specific enzyme system, derived from an Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract (carbohydrase activity of 1,650 $\alpha$-amylase units and cellulase activity of 30 fibrinolytic units/mL), on growth performance of finishing pigs. In Exp. 1,192 pigs (average initial BW of 46.1 kg) were fed sorghum-based diets without or with 360 mL of enzyme system per ton of sorghum in a 78 d growth assay. For d 0 to 39, gain/feed was improved (p<0.03) with enzyme supplementation, but ADG was not affected (p>0.15). For d 39 to 78 and overall (d 0 to 78), ADG, gain/feed, and digestibilities of DM and N were not affected (p>0.13) by enzyme supplementation. Backfat thickness, fat-free lean index, and scores for stomach keratinization and ulcers also were not affected (p>0.15) by the dietary treatments. In Exp. 2,168 pigs (average initial BW of 58.4 kg) were fed diets without or with 150, 300, or 450 mL/ton of the same enzyme system used in Exp. 1. Adding as much as 450 mL enzyme system / ton of sorghum did not affect (p>0.15) ADG or gain/feed for d 0 to 29 of the growth assay. However, during d 29 to 63, ADG increased by 11% (linear effect, p<0.02) and gain/feed increased by 10% (linear effect, p<0.06) as enzyme concentration was increased from none to 450 mL/ton of sorghum. For the overall period (d 0 to 63), ADG tended to increase (p<0.08) with enzyme supplementation, but gain/feed and digestibilities of DM and N were not affected (p>0.14). Carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and fat free lean index) also were not affected (p>0.20) by addition of the enzyme system. In Exp. 3,176 pigs (average initial BW of 46.7 kg) were fed diets without or with 450, 900, or 1,350 mL/ton of the same enzyme system used in Exp. 1 and 2 in a 71 d growth assay. Adding up to 1,350 mL/ton of enzyme had no effects (p>0.15) on ADG, gain/feed, digestibilities of DM and N, and carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and fat-free lean index). In conclusion, finishing pigs fed diets with a sorghum-specific enzyme system showed some positive trends for improved growth performance, but those effects were not large and (or) consistent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory cytokines and chronic disease status in Korean elderly. The subjects were 248 elderly people aged over 65 years recruited from Health Center in Seoul. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on their disease (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) status: subjects with one diagnosed disease of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia fall into singular group (n=89), subjects with more than 2 disease into multiple group (n=39), and those with free of the diseases into normal (n=122). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, and dietary intakes were assessed. Dietary intakes were surveyed by 24-recall method. The means of IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1 and C3 were not differ among 3 groups. However, when subjects classified into tertiles of IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and C3 and frequencies of each fertile were compared, the multiple group showed significantly lower frequencies in lowest fertile than normal group (p<0.05), suggesting higher tendency of inflammatory responses. For hematological values, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose levels were highest in multiple group (p<0.05) compared to other 2 groups. BMI, body fat(kg), and triceps skinfold thickness were also significantly higher in multiple group than in 2 other groups(p<0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-6 and C3 were significantly correlated with hematologic values of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides or obesity factors such as triceps skinfold thickness, BMI, and body fat(%). Among singular and multiple group, the subjects with higher intakes for vitamins A, C, and E showed the higher level of IL-2 and the lower level of MCP-1, and C3. In conclusion, blood concentrations of triglycerides and proinflammatory cytokines, blood pressure, obesity parameters (BMI, body fat, triceps skinfold thickness) were higher in multiple group than in normal, but this result strongly suggest that the increasement of the vitamin A, C, and E intakes would modify the cytokine levels to reduce the inflammatory response in the elderly people with chronic diseases.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.694-704
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• 1997

This study was designed to assess the body fat distribution, and also to investigate the effects of body fat on glucose tolerance and on insulin secretion pattern by body mass index in offspring of parents with NIDDM. The subjects consisted of twenty parents with NIDDM who had been admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine or had been seen in the outpatient clinic at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University between February to March, 1995. Twenty offspring were randomly selected from forty six offspring of twenty parents with NIDDM. As a control group, twenty healthy people without a family history of diabetes mellitus were matched by sex, age and body mass index(BMI). The results are as follows : 1. Mean fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and insulin / glucose ratio were significantly greater in offspring than in the control subjects with BMI 25kg /㎡ in the offspring and in the BMI<25kg /㎡ control subjects (P<0.05). 2. The total glucose area and insulin area were significantly greater in both the offsping and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ than in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI<25 kg /㎡(P<0.05). 3. Upper body skinfold thickness, Waist hip ratio(WHR), serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride(TG), total dietary calorie intake and protein intake in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ were greater than those with BMI<25kg /㎡(P<0.05). On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol in both the offspring and the control subjects with BMI≥25kg /㎡ was lower than those with BMI< 25kg /㎡(P<0.05). 4. The major variables influencing the total glucose area were subscapular skinfold thickness and WHR and the major variables influencing the total insulin area were suprailiac skinfold thickness, WHR, TG and free fatty acid. In the light of the results, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were affected by body mass index, Upper body fat, WHR and lipids(TG, Free fatty acid), it is implied that these are influencing factors on total glucose area and total insulin area. The identification of these factors might provide a useful tool to identify individuals at high risk of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, various nursing intervention programs to reduce obesity could be given to both the offspring of parents with NIDDM and to the obese healthy controls before diabetes mellitus develops.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

양적형질 유전자 좌위 (QTL)의 탐색과 이들의 발현 양상 규명을 위해 Berkshire종과 Yorkshire종 간의 교배를 통해 생산된 F$_2$ 실험집단에서 regression interval mapping이 이루어졌다. 모두 525마리의 F$_2$ 자손들에서 일당 증체량, 평균 등지방 두께, 배장근 단면적이 표현형으로 조사되어 분석에 이용되었으며 모돈의 번식능력에 관련된 QTL 존재 여부 추정을 위해 간접 형질로 인정되고 있는 생시체중과 이유 시 체중을 분석에 포함하였다. 양적형질의 분리 여부를 추론하기 위하여 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 8종의 microsatellite 표지인자가 선택되어 유전자형이 조사되었다. 각각의 유전적 모델에서 산출된 통계량으로부터 QTL 존재 여부와 특정 QTL 발현 양상에 대한 여부를 나타낼 수 있는 인정되는 수준의 type I 오차율을 제어할 수 있는 임계값 (threshold)을 permutation test에 의해 제시하였다. QTL의 존재와 그 QTL의 Imprinting 여부는 부계와 모계를 통해 원가계 1세대의 대립유전자가 전달되는 과정에서 발현되는 특성을 분리시키는 통계적 의형을 설정하여 검정 통계량을 산출하였다. 분석에 이용된 3가지 형질과 연관된 3종류의 QTL 존재 가능성을 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 확인하였으며, 이들 중 평균 등지방 두께와 배장근 단면적에 각각 영향을 미칠 것으로 추론된 2종류의 QTL 발현은 정상적인 Mendelian 유전양식을 따르지 않고 imprinting된다는 증거를 얻어냈다. 또한 이들 imprinting되는 QTL은 이미 imprinting 표현 양식을 가진다고 알려진 IGF II 유전자의 위치와 거의 동일한 염색체강의 지점에서 부계로 전달되는 QTL만이 발현되는 특징을 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 Mendelian 모형과 imprinting 모형 모두에서 유의적인 임계값 이상을 보이는 검정 통계량이 산출된 일당 증체량 연관 QTL은 두 모형간의 적정성 분석을 위한 검정을 퐁해 Mendelian 양식을 따른 것으로 최종 확인되었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 한우 도체형질과 등심에 대한 일반성분(수분, 조지방, 조단백질, 조회분) 분석을 통한 등심의 영양학적 가치와 유전모수 추정을 통한 개량형질 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 공시 재료는 한우 후대검정우 47차부터 57차까지 실시한 2,033두에 대하여 등심 1kg을 시료를 채취하여 분석한 자료를 이용하였다. 연구결과 한우 도체형질인 도체중, 등심단면적, 등 지방두께, 근내지방도에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.37, 0.51, 0.44, 0.57로 추정되었으며, 일반성분 분석인 수분, 조지방, 조단백질, 조회분에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.62, 0.64, 0.58, 0.12로 추정되었다. 그리고, 도체형질과 일반성분간의 유전상관은 도체중과 조지방에서 0.35, 근내지방도와 수분, 조지방, 조단백질, 조회분에서 각각 -0.966, 0.964, -0.924, -0.664으로 고도의 유전상관을 보였다. 수분과 조지방, 조단백질간의 유전상관은 각각 -0.998, 0.969로 분석되었으며, 조지방과 조단백질에서 -0.979로 고도의 유전상관을 보였다. 일반성분 분석치인 수분, 조지방, 조단백질에서 고도의 유전력을 보였으므로, 개량형질 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2005

재래돼지 수컷과 랜드레이스 암컷을 교배하여 생산된 $F_1$ 182두의 등지방 두께(<11.80mm, $11.80\~25.01mm$, 25.01mm<)에 따른 돼지의 도체 특성, 이화학적 특성 및 지방산 조성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 등지방 두께가 25.01mm<그룹이 <11.80mm와 $11.80\~25.01mm$ 그룹에 비해 생체중, 도체중 및 지육률은 높았지만, 최종 등급은 낮았다. 등지방 두께가 25.01mm< 그룹이 <11.80mm와 $11.80\~25.01mm$그룹에 비해 pH가 높았고, 전단가는 가장 낮았다. 등지방 두께에 따른 수분, 조지방 함량 및 가열 감량은 차이가 없었다. 등지방 두께가 25.01m<그룹이 <11.80mm와 $11.80\~25.01mm$ 그룹에 비해 경도가 높았다. 등지방 두께가 25.01mm< 그룹이 <11.80mm와 $11.80\~25.01mm$ 그룹의 육 및 지방색의 황색도$(b^*)$는 낮았다. 등지방 두께가 25.01mm< 그룹이 <11.80mm와 $11.80\~25.01mm$ 그룹에 비해 stearic acid와 saturated fatty acid 함량이 높았지만 linoleic acid와 unsaturated fatty acid 함량은 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 등지방 두께에 따라 최종 등급, 황색도$(b^*)$ 및 지방산 조성에서 차이를 보였지만, 등지방 두께가 25.01mm< 그룹은 전단가가 낮고 pH가 높아 돈육의 품질 특성이 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2011

일반적으로 다산 한우암소는 미경산 혹은 어린 한우암소에 비하여 낮은 육질을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 현재까지 다산 한우 암소 비육을 위한 사료급여방법에 대한 연구는 매우 미비하다. 본 연구는 두 개의 서로 다른 사료로 구성된 사료급여방법이 다산 한우 암소의 육생산과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구로는 일반 비육우사료 급여를 사용하였다. 처리구의 사료는 두 개의 서로 다른 단백질 수준으로 구성되어 있으며 14.28%의 단백질 사료는 비육초기에 급여하였으며, 12.70%의 단백질 수준은 출하 전까지 급여하였다. 대조구는 일반비육우사료(12.39% CP)를 사용하였다. 사양실험은 3개의 농장에서 수행되었다. 농장A에서는 29두의 다산 한우암소를 처리구 그리고 3두를 대조구로 공시하였다. 농장B와 농장C에서는 처리구와 대조구에 각각 8두와 3두 그리고 11두와 4두를 공시하였다. 실험사료들은 총 211일 동안 급여하였고, 처리구의 비육전기사료는 4개월간 급여하였고, 나머지는 비육후기 사료를 급여하였다. 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적, 도체중, 육량지수, 근내지방, 육색 및 조직감등을 분석하였다. 통계처리는 렌덤효과모형[8]을 사용하였다. 처리의 정적효과는 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적, 도체중 및 근내지방에서 나타났으며, 육량지수, 육색 및 조직감은 처리구의 부적효과가 나타났다. 모든 분석항목에서 통계적 유의성이 발견되지 않았는데 이것은 농장별 실험결과의 분산이 매우 컸기 때문이다. 그러나 통합적 효과에 있어 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적 및 도체중에 대한 90% 신뢰구간은 정적효과 방향으로 나타났으며, 나머지 분석항목의 90% 신뢰구간은 부적효과의 방향으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 다산 한우암소비육에 있어 비육전기기간의 고단백질 사료 급여는 육생산성 향상 및 육질 개선의 효과를 나타낼 수 있다.

• 복식
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• 제40권
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• pp.95-107
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• 1998

The purpose of this research paper is to offer basic data for cloth design which is intended to apply appropriate shape and catacity to cloth. Followings are the analyzed result of investigation which was conducted to figure out the character of middle aged from 35 to 59 years old-women body especially in lower half of their body. 177 women took part in this investigation. 1. As a result of analyzed characters for middle aged women body shape, taking a side view of body, there are great variance in thickness coefficient which indicates the size of body. 2. According to a comparison result of early middle aged women body shape with late middle aged women body shape, the value in height items get shorter otherwise the value in thickness items get longer getting older. It means late middle aged women are relatively fat. 3. For the analysis of women body especially in lower half, 8 factors were used. They are as followings. Factor 1. Side thickness of lower half. Factor 2. Width of lower half. Factor 3. Height of lower half Factor 4. Droop of underbelly Factor 5. Salient rate of buttocks. Factor 6. Length of buttocks. Factor 7. Salient rate of underbelly. Factor 8. Droop of buttocks 4. Lower half shapes of middle aged women were divided into three groups and the character of each group are as followings. 〈Group 1〉65.0% of women who took part in this investigation have this type of body shape. They have long value in height items and thickness items. 〈Group 2〉16.4% of women who take part in this investigation were belonged to this group. The value in height items were not so different from group 1 but the thickness value are shorter than group 1. Women of group 2 have slime body shape. 〈Group 3〉18.6% of women were belonged to group 3. They show the shortest value in height items otherwise the longest value in thickness items. Therefore they are the smallest and the fattest group in this investigation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1592-1597
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• 2001

Sixteen pigs from 2 distinct genetic lines (LGAH and VFIL) obtained after eight generations of divergent selection for high (H) and low (L) lean tissue growth rate with ad-libitum feeding (LGA) and voluntary feed intake (VF1), respectively, were used in this study. The objectives of this investigation were to establish appropriate working conditions for the postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) assay and to study relationships between fat deposition and plasma lipids, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids, VLDL-subfractions and postheparin plasma LPL activity in growing pigs. Four preliminary experiments were performed to determine the appropriate working conditions for the postheparin plasma LPL assays. Postheparin plasma preincubated with SDS (20-50 mM) at $26^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes inhibited hepatic lipase activity. A total of $2{\mu}l$ VLDL/assay produced maximum stimulation of LPL activity. Postheparin plasma protein and increasing incubation time contributed an optimum response. LGAH pigs had a significantly higher proportion subtraction 2 than VFIL pigs. No differences were observed in postheparin plasma LPL activity and backfat thickness for two lines of pigs. There were positive correlations between backfat thickness and proportion of subtractions 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity but the results were not statistically significant. Backfat thickness was not statistically correlated with proportion of subtraction 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity in a multiple regression analysis. It is believed that the apolipoprotein E, which is present in higher quantities in VLDL-subfraction 2 plays an important role for clearing VLDL triacylglycerol into adipose tissue. LPL activity of pigs can be measured by using postheparin plasma technique. If the relationships of backfat thickness and VLDL-subfraction 2 and postheparin plasma LPL activity can be established, it suggests that these parameters could be used as indicators in selection programmes. Further experiments need to be conducted by using larger sample size and different breed of pigs with greater differences in backfat thicknesses to confirm these trends.