• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2008

Single-minded 1 gene (SIM1) is a homolog of Drosophila SIM1 gene which plays a key role in the midline cell lineage of the central nervous system and is implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior and obesity in the human and mouse. In this study, porcine SIM1 gene was firstly mapped to chromosome 1p13 using radiation hybrid (RH) mapping and two polymorphisms were detected at position 607 (A/G) in SIM1 intron7 and position 780 (C/T) in SIM1 exon8. The last substitution was genotyped in a 364 F2 animal-population and an association analysis of these genotypes was performed with growth, carcass and meat quality traits by the statistical animal model. The results showed the significant influence of the SIM1 genotype on growth (p<0.05): live weight at birth, later period of growth and average daily gain; and effects on carcass composition (p<0.05): weight of head and buck kneed foreleg, backfat depth, loin eye area, carcass leaf fat and ham fat weights; and traits related to intramuscular fat content (p<0.05).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2004

This study was carried on the quality characteristics of cake prepared with Co(com oil) containing MCT(medium chain triglycerides), which is used as a fat substitute. In tile cake prepared with MCT-CO containing $10{\sim}30%$ MCT, the appearance and the degree of gelatinization were similar to those of cake prepared with NS-CO(non-substituted corn ell) Cake batter prepared with MCT-CO showed higher specific gravity and consistency than those of cake prepared with NS-CO and increased by increasing MCT contents. The baking loss of cake prepared with MCT-CO was more than that of cake prepared with NS-CO and increased by increasing MCT contents as well. The rheological properties of cake represented significant different by MCT substitution ratio(p<0.05). Gumminess, hardness and chewiness of cake prepared with MCT-CO containing $20{\sim}30%$ MCT were about 2 times higher than those of cake prepared with NS-CO, while springiness and cohesiveness showed similar pattern between the cake prepared with MCT-CO or NS-CO. In sensory evaluation, appearance. color and flavor of cake prepared with CO substituted by MCT up to 100% were better assessed and the taste was better in range of 30% MCT-CO but the texture was less accepted than that of cake prepared with NS-CO.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2021

In this study, when manufacturing Yakgwa, 0, 25, or 50% of embryonic rice flour (ERF) was substituted for wheat flour (WF) to make the dough. After making Yakgwa by hot air frying (HF) or deep-fat frying (DF) methods, physicochemical characterization and acceptance tests were conducted. ERF had a higher water-binding capacity and a lower fat-binding capacity than WF (p<0.05). Yakgwa prepared by HF had lower crude fat contents, peroxide values, and expansion rates, but higher hardnesses, lightnesses, and rednesses (p<0.05) than that prepared by DF. Higher ERF substitution ratios reduced acid values and expansion rates and increased hardness (p<0.05). Acceptance testing showed 0% ERF Yakgwa prepared by HF had a significantly higher acceptance than Yakgwa prepared by DF. HF was found to have a positive effect on product acceptability. Yakgwa prepared with the DF method by substituting WF with ERF resulted in better flavor and overall acceptability than Yakgwa prepared with WF alone (p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.694-699
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 버터 대신 탄수화물계 지방대체제인 cornbran fiber를 여러 농도로 첨가하여 머핀을 제조하고 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 지방대체율이 증가할수록 머핀의 부피와 높이는 감소하였고 밝기를 나타내는 L값과 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 감소한 반면 b값은 다소 증가하였다 머핀의 기계적 조직감은 corn bran fiber 대체율이 증가할수록 대조 군보다 hardness, gumminess, springiness 및 brittleness가 증가하였다. 주사전자현미경 측정결과 지방 대체율이 증가함에 따라 머핀내 air cell의 크기가 감소하였고 치밀한 조직구조를 나타내었다. 관능적 특성에서 corn bran fiber로 $30\%$의 지방을 대체한 경우 전체적인 바람직성에서 대조군과 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 기존의 유지 대신 corn bran fiber를 지방대체제로 적정량 사용하여 머핀을 제조한다면 full-fat 머핀과 비교하여 질적으로 뒤지지 않으면서 지방과 열량이 감소된 건강지향적 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

Fat and sugar reduced yellow layer cake system was developed with varied replacement level of 30%, 60%, and 90% for AD(amylodextrin) and 10%, 30%, and 50% for PD(polydextrose). Physicochemical and sensory characteristics were investigated and optimum replacement level was also decided using response surface methodology. Sample groups of PD10AD30 had significantly the lowest specific gravity and viscosity, indicating the stable batter system with high air incorporation. Sample groups with PD10AD90 showed the highest volume index and were not significantly different from those of the PD10AD30. Sensory results indicated that PD30AD30 were significantly the most springy and moist, and the least hard of all sample groups. Sample groups with PD10AD90 had the least adhesiveness value. To establish the optimum substitution level using RSM, the restriction level was set up as moistness over five point, hardness under five points, and adhesiveness under four points. The optimum substitution level was 20% for PD and 88% for AD.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2014

The synthesis of octenyl succinyl ${\beta}$-gucan (OSA-${\beta}$-glucan) was carried out and its interfacial properties at the oil-water interface and in emulsion systems were investigated. An aqueous ethanol system as a reaction media was used to facilitate the synthesis process; 10% (w/w) ethanol found to be the best as it showed a maximum degree of substitution (DS: 0.0132). FT-IR showed a characteristic absorption spectrum at $1736cm^{-1}$, indicating the esterification of octenyl succinyl groups to ${\beta}$-glucan backbone. As for interfacial tension measurements, it was decreased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in the aqueous phase and when NaCl was added to aqueous OSA-${\beta}$-glucan solution in the range of 0.01 M to 0.1 M and also when pH was raised (pH 3 ~ pH 9). In systems of emulsion stabilized with OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, fat globule size found to decrease with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, showing a critical value of about $0.32{\mu}m$ at 0.5 wt%. When the OSA-${\beta}$-glucan emulsions were stored, it was found that fat globule size was increased with storage time and particularly pronounced increase was observed in emulsion with 1% OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, possibly due to depletion flocculation. Results of creaming stability evaluated by light scattering technique showed that it was more stable in emulsions containing smaller fat globule size. Surface load of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in emulsions increased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, suggesting a multilayer adsorption.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.224-239
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• 2018

In this study, the possible changes in the quality characteristics of pastirma, Turkish-type dry-cured meat product, produced by using two different salts (NaCl-KCl) in a curing mixture and two different production techniques (natural and controlled condition) were examined. Moisture, pH, salt, sodium, potassium, TBA, fat, water activity, instrumental colour, texture, and sensory analyses were implemented in order to determine the possible effects of these applications. Fat, aw, pH, colour, tiobarbituric acid (TBA), texture, salt, Na and K values may allow these desired modifications in pastirma production to be limited. The substitution of 15% KCl instead of NaCl was acceptable in terms of the sensorial properties of the pastirma. However, the sensory analyses did not allow for using a higher KCl instead of NaCl because both the hardness and chewiness in the texture of the pastirma samples salted with 30% of KCl were not scored positively. Besides this, negative effects, which may occur during the pastirma production under natural conditions, can be eliminated by the production being under controlled conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets that contained different levels of fungal treated wheat straw on the intake, digestibility and performance of lactating cows. Eight primiparous Holstein cows, in late lactation ranging from $170{\pm}10$ days in milk and yielding $14.3{\pm}1.3$ kg/d of fat corrected milk (FCM) were allocated into four diets with 0, 10, 20 and 30% fungal (Pleurotus ostreatus coded P-41) treated wheat straw in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square experiment. The daily intake of DM, OM, DOM, CP and TDN were not affected by substitution of alfalfa hay with fungal treated wheat straw. Inclusion of the treated straw at different levels in the diet did not affect the digestibility of nutrients, except for the ADF that was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the diet contained 30% treated straw. The types of the diet did not significantly affect daily milk and FCM production. The milk composition including fat, protein, lactose, solid non-fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) were not statistically (p>0.05) different among the diets. All cows gained weight, but the inclusion of treated straw to the diet significantly (p<0.05) increased the body weight gain and the highest amount was obtained in the diet containing 20% treated. Inclusion of fungal treated wheat straw up to 30% of the diet of lactating cows supplemented with a protein source such as cottonseed meal had not affected the nutrients intake and lactation performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

Appropriation of partial substitution of concentrate mixture by urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) lick supplements for 20 lactating crossbred cows in 2nd and 3nd lactation was studied. Animals fed on wheat straw ad lib. and Berseem (Trifolium alaxandrium) fodder @ 1.5 kg/d on dry matter basis. Animals of control group were given concentrate supplement, while in treatment groups 10% of the concentrate requirement was substituted with 3 different types of UMMB lick type A ($T_1$), type B ($T_2$) and type C ($T_3$). CP content of the ration was 15%. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was about 1.0 kg/kg of fat corrected milk (FCM) yield and was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. Digestibility of neither proximate principles nor cell wall constituents were deviated on UMMB licks partial supplementation. FCM yield was increased by 140, 410 and 460 g/d, in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively, in comparison to control group but differences were statistically invalid. Though fat per cent was reduced, fat yields were remain constant among treatments. Milk composition was unaltered except significant difference (p < 0.01) in non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content. Gross-N and digestible-N conversion was significantly higher (p < 0.01) with $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ than control group. Energy utilization efficiency for milk production was only 36%. Result demonstrated that UMMB licks could be partial supplemented up to 10% of the concentrate requirement of crossbred cows yielding on an average 14kg/d without any adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient utilization and mild production. Comparatively, UMMB lick type B and C was proved better than type A and also economically viable.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.963-974
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• 2005

본 시험은 두충 급여가 거세한우의 성장, 도체특성, 육질특성 및 육의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 기초사료로 배합사료와 볏짚을 급여하였으며, 건조 두충 잎을 건물기준으로 조사료의 3, 5 및 10%를 대체․급여하였다. 시험사료의 사료적 가치를 평가하기 위하여 평균체중 321±13kg의 거세한우 72두(4개구$\time$6 두$\time$3 반복)를 공시하여 약 15개월간 실시하였다. 일당 증체량은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 0.81-0.86kg으로 유의차는 없었다. 사료요구율도 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 10.05-10.59로서 개선효과는 없었다. 분변내 NH3 가스 발생량은 두충 잎의 급여비율이 높을수록 감소하였다. 즉 40℃에서 12시간 발효시에는 대조구와 3% 구는 각각 30.6ppm과 29.8ppm이었으나 5% 구와 10% 구는 각각 20.3ppm과 21.6ppm으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 등지방 두께는 대조구는 15.0mm였으며 5-10% 급여시 10.2-10.5mm로 얇은 경향이었다(p<0.05). 육량 A 등급 출현율은 3% 급여시 약 20%가 증가하였으며, 육질 1+와 1 등급 출현율은 두충 잎을 5-10% 급여시 약 10-15%가 증가하였다. 등심의 육색에 대한 CIE L*, a* 및 b* 값은 각 시험구간 차이는 없었으며, 우둔의 CIE L*, a* 및 b* 값에서도 각 시험구간에 차이는 없었다. 지방산 함량에 있어서 등심과 우둔에서 공히 C18:1은 두충 잎을 5-10% 급여구에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 등심의 cholesterol 함량은 10% 급여한 구가 53.3mg /100g으로 대조구와 3% 구 및 5% 구의 55.7-57.0mg/100g으로 비해 낮았다(p<0.05). 하리의 발생비율은 대조구가 약 20.3%였으며 두충 잎을 5-10% 대체 급여할 경우에는 10.4-12.5%로 크게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 호흡기 발병비율은 두충 잎을 대체함으로 개선되는 경향이지만 유의차는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 두충 잎에는 다양한 기능성을 가지는 생리활성 물질이 상당량 함유된 기능성 사료로의 개발 가능성이 매우 높다. 또한 두충 잎을 음건하여 반추동물에 급여할 경우 육질 개선 및 하리 발생비율이 감소되기 때문에 고급육 생산에 효과적이었다. 따라서 두충 잎을 거세한우에 급여할 경우 조사료의 5-10%를 대체하는 것이 가장 유리할 것으로 생각된다.