• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to show the results which we analyse the interrelation among the physiological variable elements. We survey thirty fat women who don't do exercise regularly and are thirties. in order to offer basic data for setting the optimal exercise intensity through the efficient fat oxidation. We use RAMP II protocol of the Ever Green Hospital. The results are followings: 1. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's a meaningful relation among the fat oxidation, $O_2$ max, and respiratory change. 2. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's no meaningful relation statistically in $O_2$ max, heart rate, respiratory change, and caloric rate. 3. When the optimal exercise intensity for fat oxidation is done, there's a meaningful difference among three groups in %$VO_2$ max. However, there's a meaningful difference between group C and group A. B, and there's no meaningful difference between group B and group A.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2012

Increasing the oxidation of fat through exercise is the recommendable method for weight control. Preceding researches have proposed increase in the usage of fat during exercise in stabilized state and under maximum exertion through aerobic training. However, such researches require additional equipment for gas analysis in order to measure the caloric value or gas exchange of subjects during exercise. Such equipments become highly restrictive for those exercise and cause substantially higher cost. According to this, we have presented the method of estimating the maximal fat oxidation point through changes in LF & HF which reflects changes in heart rate and the autonomic nervous system in order to induce exercise for a less restrictive and efficient fat oxidation than existing methods. We have conducted exercise stress test on subject with similar exercise abilities, and have detected the changes in heart rate and changes in LF & HF by measuring changes in fat oxidation and measuring ECG signals at the same time through a gas analyzer. Changes in heart rate and HRV of the subjects during exercising was detected through only the electrocardiographic signals from exercising and detected the point of maximum fat oxidation that differs from person to person. The experiment was carried out 16 healthy males, and used Modified Bruce Protocol, which is one of the methods of exercise stress test methods that use treadmill. The fat oxidation amount during exercise of all the subjects showed fat oxidation of more than 4Fkcal/min in the exercise intensity from about 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The correlation between the maximal fat oxidation point obtained through gas analysis and the point when 60% starts to be relevant in the range from -0.01 to 0.01 seconds for values of R-R interval from changes in heart rate had correlation coefficients of 0.855 in Kendall's method and in Spearman's rho, it showed significant results of it being p<0.01 with 0.950, respectively. Furthermore, in the changes in LF & HF, we have determined the point where the normalized area value starts to become the same as the maximal fat oxidation point, and the correlation here showed 0.620 in Kendall and 0.780 in Spearma of which both showed significant results as p<0.01.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2006

Although estrogen is known to playa role in fatty acid metabolism, it remains unclear whether fatty acid oxidation in mature female rats differs from fatty acid oxidation in peri-pubertal young rats. In this study, we measured fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscles and livers of 5 and 50 weeks old male and female rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old female rats were elevated as compared to the 5-week-old females, whereas there were no differences in the male rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the gastrocnemius red was correlated inversely with intra-abdominal fat mass in the 5-week-old male and female rats, whereas the palmitate oxidation rate was positively correlated with fat mass in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old rats. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat mass in the pooled 50-week-old male and female rats, but this correlation was not apparent in 5-week-old rats. In summary, the rate of fatty acid oxidation measured in the middle-aged adult female rats was significantly higher than those measured in the peri-pubertal young female rats. This difference may be attributed to the influence of ovarian hormones.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.923-935
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• 2021

Fresh grass carp was used to produce surimi samples that were supplemented with 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg, or 150 g/kg pork back fat. The lipid composition, lipase activity, lipid oxidation index, and lipoxygenase activity of samples subjected to repeated freezethaw process were determined to assess the effects of the added fat on lipolysis and lipid oxidation of grass carp surimi. Freeze-thaw treatment increased free fatty acid content, mainly due to the decomposition of phospholipids and some neutral lipids by lipase. With repeated freeze-thaw treatment, the levels of free fatty acids and phospholipids were correlated with the lipid oxidation indexes and lipoxygenase activity, indicating that lipid degradation can promote lipid oxidation. In the same freeze-thaw cycle, surimi products with high fat content are more vulnerable to oxidative damage, neutral lipids are the main source of free fatty acids in the early stage of freeze-thaw, and phospholipids are the main source of free fatty acids in the late stage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.734-745
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• 2020

Commercially sterilized ultra high temperature (UHT) milk was manufactured at different homogenization pressures (20, 25, and 30 MPa), and changes in fat particle size, mechanical stress-induced fat aggregation, plasmin activity, and lipid oxidation were monitored during ambient storage of the UHT milk for up to 16 wk. The particle sizes of milk fat globules were significantly decreased as homogenization pressure increased from 20 to 30 MPa (p<0.05). The presence of mechanical stress-induced fat aggregates in milk produced at 20 MPa was significantly higher than for UHT milk produced at either 25 or 30 MPa. This difference was maintained all throughout the storage. There were no significant differences in plasmin activity, trichloroacetic acid (12%, w/v) soluble peptides, and the extent of lipid oxidation. Based on these results, an increase of homogenization pressure from 20 (the typical homogenization pressure employed in the Korea dairy industry) to 25-30 MPa significantly decreased mechanical stress-induced fat aggregation without affecting susceptibility to lipid oxidation during storage.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2006

This study aimed to determine whether troglitazone stimulates genes related to fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, leading to modulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in high fat diet-fed mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=10/group). After they received either a high fat diet or the same high fat diet supplemented with troglitazone for 4 weeks, the effects of troglitazone on gene expression and physiology of WAT were measured using Northern, histological and serological analyses. Administration of troglitazone induced the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in mesenteric WAT. Troglitazone also significantly increased uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels. The changes in WAT gene expression were accompanied by reductions in circulating levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides as well as glucose and insulin. Histological studies showed that troglitazone treatment decreased the average size of adipocytes in mesenteric WAT. These results suggest that troglitazone-stimulated WAT expression of genes associated with fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation regulates WAT metabolism of high fat diet-fed mice, contributing to improvement of insulin sensitivity.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

[Purpose] While the anti-obesity effects of exercise and capsiate are well-observed individually, the effect of exercise with capsiate intake has not been systematically explored yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake. [Methods] 8-week-old male mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sedentary group (SED; nontrained), exercise-trained group (EXE) and exercise-trained group with 10 mg/kg of capsiate intake (EXE+CAP). All mice were offered high-fat diet and water ad libitum. The mild-intensity treadmill training was conducted 5 times a week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolism during exercise and abdominal fat weight were measured. [Results] Body weight and the rate of total abdominal fat were significantly less in EXE+CAP than in SED but not between EXE and SED. The average of respiratory exchange rate during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.025). Likewise, the fat oxidation during exercise was significantly much higher in EXE+SED (p = 0.016) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.045). Then, the carbohydrate oxidation during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.028). [Conclusion] In conclusion, the anti-obesity functions of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake by increasing fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, we suggest that capsiate could be a candidate supplement which can additively ameliorate obesity when combined with exercise.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

Caffeine and capsaicin increase resting energy metabolism. However, most measurements have been conducted in short-term studies. Therefore, we investigated the effects of caffeine and capsaicin on energy expenditure and energy substrate utilization in resting rats for 6 h. The caffeine (Experiment 1) experiment included four male rats aged 5 weeks and measured the effects of oral administration of caffeine (10 or 50 mg/kg) on respiratory gas, energy expenditure, and energy substrate oxidation for 6 h. Experiment 2 included four male rats aged 6 weeks to measure the effects of capsaicin (10 mg/kg) using the same method as in Experiment 1. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that O₂ uptake and carbohydrate oxidation after caffeine administration for 2 h was higher in the 10 mg trial than that in the 50 mg or placebo trials (P < 0.05). However fat oxidation was not significantly different. In contrast, capsaicin (Experiment 2) observed no differences between the placebo and the capsaicin trials. In conclusion, caffeine initially increased the resting energy consumption for 2 h, and this energy expenditure was due to carbohydrate oxidation. Capsaicin did not change oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, fat oxidation, or carbohydrate oxidation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.259-262
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• 1995

DHA(cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid)가 첨가된 분유와 보통분유의 저장중 지방의 산화안정성을 thiobarbituric acid법에 의해 살펴보았다. 두 종류의 분유는 지역의 슈퍼마켓에서 구입하여 시료병에 $2{\pm}0.05\;g$씩 넣어 암소와 빛의 존재하에서 저장하였다. DHA가 첨가된 분유 지방 산화는 보통 분유보다 증가되었고 특히 빛의 존재하에서 산화는 더욱 촉진되었다. 빛과 DHA를 포함한 불포화지방산은 분유지방을 산화시킴에 있어 상호 역할을 강화시키고 있었다. DABCO (diazabicyclooctane)를 분유에 첨가하면 빛에 노출된 분유의 지방 산화를 줄였는데 이는 분유에서도 일중항산소에 의한 광산화가 발생함을 암시한다. DABCO에 의한 유지방의 산화 억제 정도는 DHA가 첨가된 분유에서 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 1987

Cytochrome C가 돼지지방의 산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 돼지등 지방, cytochrome C, 아스콜빈산 및 아질산염을 사용하여 pH 5.8에서 지방산화도를 TBA방법으로 측정하였다. Cytochrome c첨가랑이 증가할수록 지방산화는 증가하였고, 산화증가정도는 Cytochrome c 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 아스콜빈산이나 아질산염은 Cytochrome c의 지방산화촉진효과를 억제하지못하였으나, 두가지를 동시에 첨가하였을때는 지방산화촉진을 억제하였다. 결과적으로 가공육제품에 Cytoch-rome 가 다량함유된 염통을 첨가하여도 육제품 품질에 나쁜 영향을 주지 않을 것으로 사료된다.