• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 1996

A study was conducted to determine the carcass composition of broilers when fed with three varying levels of dietary energy (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg ME) at 20% crude protein and 0.79% Total Sulphur Amino Acid. The results showed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the ME intake of the chickens when the ME of the diet increased. Other factors like the protein intake, dressing percentage, weight gain and feed intake were not significantly affected. On the carcass, the increasing dietary ME levels resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the abdominal fat percentage and carcass fat percentage and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the carcass protein percentage. Similarly, the dietary ME produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the amount of and fat percentages of breast meat, thigh meat, and drumstick meat with a significant reduction in the protein percentage. There seemed to be an inverse relationship between the percentages of protein and fat. An increase in fat percentages always resulted in similar reduction in the protein content of the meat. These results also showed major differences between the white and red meat of the chicken.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.394-405
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the correlations between dietary intakes or anthropometric parameters and the plasma lipid level. measurements of dali nutrients intake, body weight, height, body bass index, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were made to each of 124 healthy adult(25-59yrs) : 56 males and 65 females. The mean energy and nutrients intake, anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid levels were all in normal range. In females, the fat and protein intake, the amount and percents to total energy intake, had positive association with the plasma total lipid, but the energy percent from carbohydrate intake was correlated negatively. And body mass index positively correlated with plasma total lipid level, in male and female, Therefore we could postulated the dietary fat intake and body mass index affected to plasma lipid levels in normal conditions of healthy adult.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1993

A nutrition survey of 80 high school students in urban dormitories, 17-19 year old, in Jeonbuk province was undertaken in August of 1990, to investigate dietary intake. Total energy intake of male and female was 2,246.0 and 1,584.9 kcal respectively. Energy Intakes from breakfast, lunch and dinner were 553.5, 683.4 and 1,023.0 kcal in male, and 372.9, 391.8 and 820.2 local in female. Protein daily intake of male and female was 95.3 and 62.9g, and carbohydrate intake was 368.1g and 259.6g respectively. Total energy intake of male student was composed of carbohydrate 65%. protein 16.8% and fat 18.2% and that of female was carbohydrate 65.5%, protein 15.9% and fat 18.6% respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1100-1116
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• 1995

Nutritional and health status was assessed in the 86 healthy elderly women who aged 65 through 96 and resided in nursing home in chonbuk area. Nutritional status was determined by dietary intake, anthropometric and hematological indices and hair elements. Correlation analysis among nutritional indices were performed to identify the factors which related specifically to nutritional status of the elderly. Nutrients intake below two-thirds of the RDA were Ca, riboflavin and niacin. Especially mean Ca intake was only 51.9% of RDA and most of nutrients intake were decreased as theri age increased. Height, body weight and mid upper arm circumference were decreased with age but W/H ratio did not differ among age groups. These data suggested that body fat accumulation did not change with age but lean body mass was decreased with age in the elderly. Waist circumference was positively correlated to dietary fat intake, and body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and total body fat were positively correlated with serum LDC/HDL ratio. It could be concluded anthropometric indices were good indicator that reflect the lipid nutritional status in elderly women. Hematological indices, Hb, RBC, MCH, albumin, globulin, transferrin levels, belonged to normal ranges of aged women. However, the lowest Hb level showed in the oldest-old group(aged 85 and over years group). The avalilavilty of hair analysis to measure nutritional status was tested. There were not found any significant correlations between many kinds of nutritional indices and hair elements except hair Zn content which was positively correlated with BMI.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2002

This study was done to evaluate the nutritional status and the desirable time and period for making dietary records in male high school Taekwondo athletes. Nutrient and flood intake was investigated using dietary record method during usual training (UT, for 29 days) and special training (ST, for 17 days) periods in nine Taekwondo athletes. Nutrient intake by 7-d and 3-d dietary record were compared to the standard nutrient intake, which was computed from dietary record during total period of UT or ST. Total mean energy intake was 2278 kcal, 84% of RDA, and mean intakes of riboflavin, Ca and Fe were less than 77% of RDA. Mean intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, and P decreased during ST (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Mean intakes of vegetables and grains ware the highest in the two periods and following were beverages and instant floods in UT, and meats and fruits in ST. During ST, mean intakes of mushrooms, meats and their products, and instant floods decreased, and sugars and sweets increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The contribution of grains and their products, instant floods, and meats and their products to mean intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat were high. In snacks, the contribution of instant floods, breads and confections and beverages was high. During UT, cholesterol intake at weeks 1 and 3, and intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin at week 4 by 7-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Intakes of VA, Ca and Fe at week 1, and intakes of carbohydrates, cholesterol rind crude fiber at week 4 by 3-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). During ST, VC intake at week 5, and energy intake from carbohydrate and cholesterol intake at week 6 by 7-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Cholesterol intake at week 7, and energy intake from carbohydrates and fat, and intakes of protein, fat, cholesterol and riboflavin by 3-d dietary record were different from their standard intakes (p < 0.05 o. p < 0.01). In conclusion, empty-calorie floods can be a main source of diet and snacks for Taekwondo athletes, and education about desirable nutrients and floods intakes is needed to help them control their weight. When investigating the nutritional status of Taekwondo athletes in the future, the 7-day or 3-day dietary record is desirable provided they are conducted in the milddle of each period artier distinguishing UT from ST period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fat inclusion on nutrient intake, body weight, milk production, return to estrus, pregnancy and lambing of winter-lambing, postpartum Awassi ewes. Thirty multiparous, winter-lambing Awassi ewes (body weight=51${\pm}$7.0 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (n=10) for 62 days using a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous, and were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 2.5 (MF), and 5% (HF) added fat, and 33% of the dietary crude protein (CP) as undegradable intake protein (UIP). On day 26 postpartum (day 0=parturition), ewes and their lambs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Feed offered and refused was recorded daily. At the end of this period, ewes and their lambs within each treatment were combined into one group and fed their respective diet ad libitum. One fertile Awassi ram fitted with a marking harness was allowed with each group for 34 days. No significant (p>0.05) differences in dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and crude protein intake were observed for ewes fed the three experimental diets. No difference was observed in metabolizable energy intake (MEI) for ewes fed the CON and the MF diets (average 8.3 Mcal/d) diet. However, ewes fed the HF diet had greater(p<0.05) MEI compared with the rest of the treatments. Ewe body weights increased throughout the study, unaffected by the experimental diets. No significant differences in milk production were found among ewes fed the three experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate (6/10, 5/10, 6/10 for CON, MF and HF diets, respectively), lambing rate and the number of lambs per ewe among the three treatments. postpartum reproductive performance of well-fed, winter-lambing Awassi ewes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate nutritional status of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and identify the risk factors related to IGT Data were collected from 163 men with a fasting blood glucose level from 115 to 139mg/dl(high blood glucose group: HBG) and 170 men with a normal fasting blood glucose level(control) aged from 40 to 59 years in both groups. Weight, body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat were significantly higher in high blood glucose(HBG) group than those of control group. Age, weight, BMI, percent body fat were positively related to blood glucose. There were no differences in exercise, smoking and family history of diabetes between two groups. Frequency of fat eating and overeating of HBG were higher than those of control group but frequency of sweet snacks intake of HBG was lower than that of control group. There was no difference in daily total energy intake in two groups. Total and supper energy intakes were positively associated with blood glucose. Percent energy intake of alcohol was significantly higher in HBG group and positively related to blood glucose, however there were no difference in daily intake of nutrients in two groups. Alcohol intake was positively related to BMI, but after adjusting BMI, there was no correlation between alcohol intake and blood glucose. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in HBG group than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol i,nd triglyceride were positively related to blood glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with blood glucose. After adjusting BMI, serum triglyceride was positively related to blood glucose. In conclusion, weight, BMI, percent body fat and blood total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively related to blood glucose level of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance. Their eating habits exhibited higher frequency of overeating, fast eating, high energy intakes of supper. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 59-67, 2000)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate nutrient consumption by Korean adults in various places. To accomplish this, we used the 1998-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects of this investigation were over 19 years and the study included 37,160 people. The meals were categorized as breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks consumed at home, or while eating-out. Investigation of the rate of consumption at serving places based on daily meals and years showed that eating-out generally increased with time. The consumption of meals prepared at home was higher than that of meals consumed anyplace else in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007-2009. However, the rate of consumption of home meals decreased from 1998 to 2007-2009, while the rate of eating-out increased during this period. Annual nutrient intake according to serving places with respect to meals, energy, fat, and sodium were significantly lower in home meals than those consumed elsewhere in 2007-2009 relative to 1998. The sodium intake and energy distribution ratio of fat in meals consumed while eating-out increased significantly from 1998 to 2007-2009. The energy, fat and sodium intake and energy contribution ratio of fat consumed in meals at institutions was significantly higher in 2007-2009 than in 1998. Based on these results, additional research is required to develop guidelines for dietary life improvement at each serving place and to address education and policies for balanced nutrition intake.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sodium excretion and obesity for healthy adults in the Gwangju area. Methods: The participants included 80 healthy adults aged 19 to 69 years in Gwangju. The dietary intake and sodium excretion were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and 24 hour urine collection. The participants were classified into two groups according to the amount of urinary sodium excretion: (${\leq}141.75mmol/dL$, > 141.75 mmol/dL). Results: After adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, and income, the high excretion of sodium group was significantly higher for weight, body mass index, body fat mass, percent body fat, visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference, hip circumference, and WHR. The energy and nutrients intake were significant after adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, and income. The LSE group had a significantly higher fat intake and Na/K intake ratio. The HSE group had significantly higher fiber intake, and K intake. As the amount of urinary sodium excretion increased, the risk of obesity before correction was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.13-11.25) times greater, and the risk of obesity of T3 increased significantly by 3.33 times (95% CI: 1.05-10.59). After correcting for sex and age, the obesity risk of T2 increased significantly by 4.23 times (95% CI: 1.11-16.06), and after correcting for sex, age, smoking history, and income, the obesity risk of T2 increased significantly by 6.81 times (95% CI: 1.44-32.19) the risk of obesity. Conclusions: An association exists between sodium excretion and obesity in Korean adults. In this study, the high excretion of sodium group was obese and the risk of obesity was higher than the low excretion of sodium group.