• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1991

The effects of electrolytes on color fastness properties of cotton fabric with Congo Red have been studied at $90^{\circ}C$. Each dyeing carried with $10 \times 10^{-6}M$ of Congo Red and with various concentration of electrolytes. The results obtained from this study were as follow 1. In the case of none, the fastness to washing became worse, but the fastness to light better with increasing dye concentration. 2. In the case of additing an electrolyte, the fastness to washing became worse and the fastness to light better than the case of none. The samples had become yellower after washing test. Yellowness had been reduced after fade-O-meter test. 3. What kind of electrolytes could not have any effect on the fastness to washing, but they influenced the fastness to light in the order of LiCl

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.208-216
• /
• 2020

In this study, C.I. Disperse Red 60 (DR60), C.I. Disperse Yellow 54 (DY54) dyes were used to investigate the washing fastness characteristics of PET fibers according to supercritical CO2 and aqueous dyeing process. The changes in K/S values and L⁎ values before and after washing of dyed PET fibers were observed according to the KS K ISO 105 washing fastness measurement method. In addition, it was confirmed by changing the ΔE⁎ and ΔL⁎ values of control PET fibers. Overall, it was confirmed that both the supercritical CO2 and aqueous dyeing process had excellent washing fastness ratings of 4-5 for DR60 and DY54 dyes. Comparatively, the K/S and L⁎ values for before and after washing of PET fibers with supercritical CO2 dyeing process was higher than that of the aqueous dyeing process and the ΔE⁎ and ΔL⁎ values of the control PET fibers were low. From the results, we observed that the supercritical CO2 dyeing process of PET fibers has better washing fastness characteristics than the aqueous dyeing process.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2001

Generally, polyester microfiber has much greater dye uptake than that of regular ones. In spite of high dye up-take visual shade depth of dyed fabric decreases with smaller denier, which results in poor washing fastness of dyed fabric. In this study, in order to investigate the washing fastness, polyester microfiber fabric was dyed by using two type of disperse dyes and treated with 3 different reduction clearing methods. The reduction clearing methods in this study are normal alkaline reduction clearing, $N_2$ gas replacement method, and ultrasonic treatment during reduction clearing. The results were as followings ; The most important factors affecting the washing fastness of polyester artificial suede fabric were found to be the reduction clearing method, the chemical structure of used disperse dyes and the structure and denier of fibers. It was also obtained that the heat treatment of dyed fabric decreased the washing fastness due to the dye migration from inner phase to surface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.88
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2006

Functional properties are available with sputtering. But sputtering treatment alone cannot got a good fastness performance to washing, rubbing and light. This research was objected to investigate optimum condition by sputtering on polyester through various processing conditions such as ion current and treatment time, and then various resin treated onto metal coated polyester fabrics in order to increase washing fastness of metal membrane. As the results, the optimum conditions revealed 1500 mA of ion current, 2 min of treatment time in sputter, and suitable resin concentrations were 2% of o.w.s (on the weight of solution) in resin treatment. Therefore, we could get enhanced anti-static effect and flex stiffness as well as washing fastness in sputtered polyester fabric with various resin treatment, for example, melamine and polyurethane.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2005

The study with the subjects of the female consumers of the fomentation rooms in their 20s, this research made an investigation of the fomentation wear. Also, dye-fastness experiments of the wear's colors against washing and sweating were held. The following are the conclusions; 1. Survey Results of the Present Situations of Fomentation Wear Designs of the fomentation wear, 88% belonged to a T-shirt (upper clothes) and knee pants. The primary colors of the wear were in the order of gray (37.5%), white (31.3%), orange (25%), indigo (18.8%), and yellowish (18.8%). 43% of the wear companies used the same color for two-piece clothes, and 57% employed different colors for upper and lower clothes. 2. Consumers' Attitude about Fomentation Wear The key problem in the attitude to the wear, 25.9% pointed out the worries about physical exposure (like breasts and legs) owing to the improperness in designs and sizes. 32.8% of the subjects were also worried about physical silhouette exposure following sweating. The need for design improvement was felt as the subjects expressed their intention to use better fomentation wear in design and materials if the fare is higher. 3. Experimental Results of the Dye fastness of the Fomentation Wear Dye-fastness experiments by sweating appeared in the order of gray > white > pink. The results by washing were gray & white > pink. As laundry grew in number, the grade of dye fastness fell a little bit. In the fomentation environment with more laundry and more perspiration, dye fastness of the wear's colors against washing and sweating should be fully considered.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.825-833
• /
• 2013

In this study, the dyeing properties of Phellodendron amurense on cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated to establish a scientific database of dyeing methods using natural dyes with the ultimate aim of facilitating the practical use of these dyes. The optimal thickener and dyeing concentrations depending on the thickener type were identified when dyeing with P. amurense, and the fabric color, color fastness, and antibiosis were examined for various thickeners, fabrics, and mordants. The results were as follows.: The optimal concentrations of thickeners when dyeing on cotton and silk fabrics were CMC 3% (w/w), Mayprogum 7% (w/w), and Indalka 9% (w/w). The optimal concentration of P. amurense was 25% (w/w), irrespective of the type of thickener. To maintain the hue unique to P. amurense, thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al was effective for cotton, while thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al or thickening with CMC and mordanting with gallnut was effective for silk. The dry-cleaning fastness and abrasion resistance of cotton fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at the 4-5 level. Gallnut was effective for washing fastness and perspiration fastness against color degradation, and FFC was effective for light fastness. The washing fastness, dry-cleaning fastness, abrasion resistance, and perspiration fastness of silk fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at level 4, except for washing and perspiration fastness, and FFC was effective for the improvement of light fastness. Dyeing cotton and silk fabrics with P. amurense thus yielded antibiosis and excellent washing fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2008

Dyeing and washing fastness properties of polyurethane-impregnated polyester (PU-impregnated PET), and the distribution of two disperse dyes between PET and PU film were studied to investigate the effect of PU portion to exhaustion and washing fastness. Dyeing properties of PU-impregnated PET were quite different with those of PET: PU-impregnated PET absorbed disperse dye linearly from the early stage of dyeing to equilibrium, and it exhibited excellent build-up property up to 4 %owf dyeing. The absorbed dye on PU film at early dyeing stage migrated to more substantive PET at the temperature higher than $115^{\circ}C$. The amount of exhausted dye on PET portion was larger than on PU film and the distribution ratio was $2.08{\sim}2.34$. The grade of washing fastness of PU-impregnated PET was the same as or lower by $0.5{\sim}1$ grade than PU film whose washing fastness was lower by $0.5{\sim}1$ than PET.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.462-468
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the dyeability of soybean protein fabric after dyeing with gallut. In this study, the colorants of gallnut were extracted with boiling water at $60^{\circ}C$ and 60min. Soybean protein fabric was dyed with extracted solution from gallnut according to concentration, temperature and time. After dyeing with gallut solution, dyeability (K/S) was obtained by CCM observation. Al, Cu and Fe were employed as a mordanting agents. Various color changing were produced by the interactions of mordants that were different from soybean protein fabric; however, Al mordant was not indicated as a variable color change. Fastness to washing and light were also investigated. Consequently, the dyeability of the soybean protein fabric dyed with gallut showed reasonable results at 100% o.w.f, $90^{\circ}C$, for 60min. Fastness to washing according to concentration indicated good result as more than grade (4-5) in general. Fastness to light was almost the same compared to fastness to washing at all concentrations. Fastness to washing according to mordants indicated good grade (4) in principle at Al, Cu, and Fe; in addition, fastness to light indicated a good grade too. Fastness to light also indicated the highest dyeability at Fe mordant. This study shows that gallut is a reasonable dyestuff to soybean protein fabric and that it is possible to manufacture a variety of products that use soybean protein fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate K/S values, surface color, the fastness to washing, bacteria reduction rate of the silk and cotton fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract under the various dyeing conditions. The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing pH and repetition of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract were $l00^{\circ}C, 30min., pH 5, five times repetition respectively, but in the cotton fabrics, it were $60^{\circ}C . 30min., pH 7, one times repetition. It were colored orangish Yellow in the silk fabrics and colored bright yellow in the cotton fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract. Surface color(munsell value) was not changed by the mordanting agents but those of the silk showed high tone when mordanting with stannous chloride, and it was decolored and darked when mordanting with ferric sulfate. The fastness to washing in the silk fabrics dyed with mordanting agents improved in 4～5 grade, but the cotton fabrics were 3～4 grade, so washing fastness of the silk and cotton fabrics were significantly improved when washing with the neutral detergent. The bacteria reduction rate of the silk fabrics increased drastically by dyeing of Rhus verniciflua extract.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2019

In this study, improving the wash and rubbing fastness of a natural coloring matter from Madder extract dyed on Tencel nonwoven. The cationic finishing agent(RBP), nonionic finishing agent(HPX) and mordant(PAW) were used to improving the color fastness. The two types(exhaustion and pad-dry-cure) finishing process were investigated with various finishing agent concentration. The color strength, wash and rubbing fastness of Tencel nonwoven dyed with Madder extract have been evaluated by various dye concentration and finishing agent. The exhaustion process treated with the cationic finishing agent(RBP) was effective to improving washing and rubbing fastness.