• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

Plasma cholesterol is increased in normal aging in both rodents and humans. This is associated with reduced elimination of cholesterol and decreased receptor-mediated clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine age-related changes in plasma lipid profiles, and (2) to determine the effect of fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR $\alpha$), on plasma lipid profiles in normal rats on a standard diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=15) were fed standard chow and water from 10 to 25 weeks of age. During that period, we measured daily food intake, body weight, fasting and random blood glucose levels, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. At 20 weeks of age, all rats were randomly divided into two groups: a fenofibrate group (in which rats were gavaged with 300 mg/kg/day of fenofibrate) and a control group (gavaged with water). Fenofibrate treatment lasted 5 weeks. There were no significant changes in daily food intake, blood glucose, and plasma TG level with age. Body weight, plasma TC, and FFA levels were significantly increased with age. Fenofibrate significantly decreased plasma concentrations of TC and FFA, which had been increased with age. However, fenofibrate did not influence the plasma concentration of TG, which had not increased with age. These results suggest that fenofibrate might have a novel role in preventing age-related hypercholesterolemia in SD rats on a normal diet.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

본 실험은 Curcuma longa L.의 비만, 인슐린 저항성 효과에 대해 알아보기 위하여 C. longa 를 50% 에탄올로 추출물을 제조한 다음 실험동물을 통하여 알아보았다. 실험동물로는 정상동물인 SD계 랫트와 2형 당뇨 모델인 db/db 마우스를 사용하였고 식이로는 고지방식이(15%fat diet)를 사용하였고 C. longa는 식이에 넣어 제공하였다. SD rat 에서 체중, 총지방량은 1.5% 울금식이군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청에서 인슐린, HOMA-IR, TG는 1.5% 울금식이군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. db/db 마우스에서 체중은 1.5% 울금식이군이 대조군보다 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적이지는 않았고 총지방량은 1.5% 울금식이군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 공복 시 혈당은 2주마다 측정하였는데 1.5% 울금식이군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 감소하였고 hemoglobin A1c도 유의적으로 감소하는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 공복 시 혈당과 hemoglobin의 유의적인 감소로 인하여 혈청에서 측정한 insulin, HOMA-IR이 감소하는 경향을 보인 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로 보아 C. longa 추출물은 체중조절 및 혈당조절에 도움이 되는 천연약물로서의 기능성이 입증되었다고 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Objectives : Korean red ginseng and Morus alba L. are used as a traditional treatment for diabetes. This study was designed to elucidate whether combination with Korean red ginseng and Morus alba L. (MPM) ameliorates metabolic syndrome in fructose-fed rats. Methods : Animals were divided into four groups; Control receiving tap water, fructose-fed, rosiglitazone-treated fructose-fed rats, and MPM-treated fructose-fed rats both receiving supplemented with 60% fructose (n=10). The MPM or rosiglitazone groups initially received a high-fructose (HF) diet alone for 8 weeks, with supplementation with MPM or rosiglitazone occurring during the final 6 weeks. Results : MPM and rosiglitazone, synthetic $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonist, treatment significantly prevented the increase in fasting serum glucose, leptin, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein in the HF group when comparing with the control group. MPM and rosiglitazone also led to an increase in high density lipoprotein level in the HF group. The administration of MPM and rosiglitazone prevented the development of the metabolic disturbances such as impaired glucose tolerance, and blood pressure. MPM suppressed increased expressions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in HF rat aorta. In addition, MPM significantly increased IR-${\beta}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression in muscle. Conclusions : Based on these results, we suggest that the administration of MPM improves metabolic syndrome through the alteration in lipid profiles and suppression of insulin resistant and blood pressure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 총항산화능 및 DPPH radicals 소거활성도를 통하여 항산화능을 확인한 산양삼 에탄올 추출물이 사염화탄소 투여로 급성 손상이 유도된 생쥐의 간에 대하여 보호 효능이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 생리적 지표물질로 혈장 지질, GPT 활성, 혈장과 간의 TBARS 및 항산화효소 활성, 혈액 백혈구의 DNA fragmentation 등을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 산양삼의 DPPH radicals 소거능은 76.85 ${\pm}$ 1.06%, IC50은 33.3 ${\mu}g$/mL였으며 총 항산화능은 2.13 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg으로 양성대조군으로 사용한 아스코르브산 (96.45 ${\pm}$ 0.07%, IC50 = 16.5 ${\mu}g$/mL, 3.63 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg)과 BHT (95.40 ${\pm}$ 0.71%, 3.12 ${\pm}$ 0.02 mmoL/mg) 보다는 낮았지만 천연물질로써는 높은 수준을 보였다. 장기 무게 및 식이 섭취량은 산양삼 추출물 투여 및 사염화탄소 처치 여부에 따라서 어떤 차이도 보이지 않았다. 혈장의 GPT와 혈중 트리글리세리드의 경우 정상대조군에 비해 사염화탄소단독투여군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 사염화탄소단독 투여군 (84.5 ${\pm}$ 23.0 mg/dL)이 정상 대조군 (140.6 ${\pm}$ 30.3 mg/dL)에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, 산양삼 추출물 투여군 (130.68 ${\pm}$ 31.33 mg/dL)은 정상대조군과 같은 수준이었다 (p < 0.001). 사염화탄소 단독투여군의 간조직에서 TBARS는 정상대조군 (N)에 비해 28.64% 유의하게 증가하였으며 산양삼 추출물 투여군은 정상대조군과 비슷한 수치를 보였으나 (p < 0.001) 적혈구내의 TBARS는 세 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간조직의 SOD의 활성은 산양삼 추출물 투여군에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 적혈구에서는 이러한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 적혈구내 GPx 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 20.1% 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 산양삼 추출액을 투여받은 군은 정상대조군의 수준을 유지하였다. 사염화탄소 투여군에서 혈장 백혈구의 tail DNA, tail length, tail moment 모든 값은 정상대조군에 비하여 각각 84.4%, 98.8%, 123.7% 증가하였으며, 산양삼 투여군에서는 이 모든 수치가 대조군의 수준으로 감소하였다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 5일간 산양삼 에탄올 추출물을 미리 투여한 후 사염화탄소로 급성 간 손상을 유도하였을 때 혈 중 콜레스테롤 대사를 개선하고, 간의 지질 과산화를 효과적으로 억제하였으며 간의 SOD와 적혈구 GPx의 효소 활성을 대조군 이상으로 유지시키고, 산화적 손상으로부터 DNA를 보호하는 등의 일부 생리 활성을 확인하였다. 그러나 이런 산양삼의 항산화 활성의 작용 기전에 대하여 확실히 규명되어 있지 않아 추후보다 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

케톤체는 생체 에너지 생산과정이 탄수화물보다는 지방산의 의존도가 높을 때 생성되며, 과도한 분비는 당뇨병성 케토시스나 선천성 유전성 대사이상질환을 의심할 수 있는 근거가 된다. 따라서 이의 신속 정확한 분석법의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 혈장을 제단백한 후 hydroxylamine을 가하여 60 ℃에서 30 분간 반응시켜 oximation 후 BSTFA를 가한 후 trimethylsilylation 유도체화하여 혈장 중에서 케톤체를 신속하게 정량할 수 있는 GC-MS/SIM 분석법을 개발하였다. 케톤체의 직선성의 범위는 0.001-250 μg/mL 이었고, 혈장에서의 검출한계는 0.1 pg 이었다. 직선성을 가지는 범위에서의 상관계수(R2)는 0.998-0.999이었고, 회수율은 1 μg/mL의 표준품을 첨가하였을 때 88.2-92.3 %, 10 μg/mL의 농도를 첨가하였을 때 89.5-94.8 % 였으며 RSD는 6.3-9.4 %였다. 이 분석법을 정상인과 케토시스 환자의 검체에 적용하여 벨리데이션 하였으며, 본 분석방법은 어린이나 성인의 당뇨성 케토시스나 여러 유전성대사질환 환자 중 케토시스를 보이는 환자의 혈장 중 β-hydroxybutyric acid/acetoacetic acid의 비를 계산하여 케톤체를 신속하고 효율적으로 임상검체 분석에 응용할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.644-654
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although preclinical studies suggest that garlic has potential preventive effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, clinical trials and reports from systematic reviews or meta-analyses present inconsistent results. The contradiction might be attributed to variations in the manufacturing process that can markedly influence the composition of garlic products. To investigate this issue further, we performed a meta-analysis of the effects of garlic powder on CVD risk factors. MATERIALS/METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and EMBASE through May 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 22 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 17 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 18 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 4 trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), 9 trials reporting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 10 trials reporting diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: The overall garlic powder intake significantly reduced blood TC and LDL-C by -0.41 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.69, -0.12) (-15.83 mg/dL [95% CI, -26.64, -4.63]) and -0.21 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.40, -0.03) (-8.11 mg/dL [95% CI, -15.44, -1.16]), respectively. The mean difference in the reduction of FBG levels was -0.96 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.91, -0.01) (-17.30 mg/dL [95% CI, -34.41, -0.18]). Evidence for SBP and DBP reduction in the garlic supplementation group was also demonstrated by decreases of -4.34 mmHg (95% CI, -8.38, -0.29) and -2.36 mmHg (95% CI, -4.56, -0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides consistent evidence that garlic powder intake reduces the CVD risk factors of TC, LDL-C, FBG and BP.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess blood components caused by metabolic syndrome increasing in postmenopausal elderly women. The blood samples of these subjects were analyzed to investigate the correlation of plasma taurine levels and plasma homocysteine levels, and serum lipid profiles. The subjects were 33 elderly women($72.8{\pm}4.4$ years). Their mean height, weight and BMI were $150.5{\pm}5.7\;cm$, $57.5{\pm}6.3\;kg$ and $25.4{\pm}2.5\;kg/m^2$. 16 women of this study subjects have been chronic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes. Their fasting blood glucose was $98.2{\pm}24.0\;mg/d{\ell}$, and their plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride(TG) were $216.5{\pm}29.9$, $52.1{\pm}10.7$, $145.7{\pm}27.9$ and $141.2{\pm}59.6\;mg/d{\ell}$, respectively. Their blood lipid profiles were higher than the standard levels of metabolic syndrome, thus these levels of lipid profiles may play a role as risk factors on the elderly person. Plasma taurine level of the subjects was $278.5{\pm}48.1\;{\mu}mol/{\ell}$, and their plasma homocysteine level was $12.8{\pm}2.9\;{\mu}mol/{\ell}$. The concentration of plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ was significantly decreased by aging(p<0.05). The correlation of plasma homocysteine and plasma folate showed significantly negative(p<0.05). Thus, the decreased levels of plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ and folate by aging might affect on the plasma homocyteine concentration acting as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases for elderly person. The correlation of plasma taurine and hemoglobin, and their platelet showed significantly positive(p<0.05). In conclusion, the diet on the elderly person is one of the important factors to prevent their health from chronic diseases. This study recommends that well balanced diets are needed for elderly person to keep their health and prevent from metabolic syndrome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of instant noodles has recently been reported to be positively associated with obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in South Korea, which has the highest per capita instant noodle consumption worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between instant noodle consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 3,397 college students (1,782 male; 1,615 female) aged 18-29 years who participated in a health checkup. Information on instant noodle consumption was obtained from the participants' answers to a question about their average frequency of instant noodle intake over the 1 year period prior to the survey. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using a general linear model that adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, family income, health-related behaviors, and other dietary factors important for cardiometabolic risk, showed a positive association between the frequency of instant noodle consumption and plasma triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in all subjects. Compared to the group with the lowest frequency of instant noodle intake (${\leq}1/month$), the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the group with an intake of ${\geq}3/week$ was 2.639 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.393-5.000] for all subjects, while it was 2.149 (95% CI, 1.045-4.419) and 5.992 (95% CI, 1.859-21.824) for male and female students, respectively. In female students, diastolic blood pressure was also higher among more frequent consumers of instant noodles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent consumption of instant noodles may be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy college students aged 18-29 years.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.749-761
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• 2002

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI ＜ 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 ＜ BMI ＜ 30) , and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) . A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 $\pm$ 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 $\pm$ 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.724-734
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the health behaviors and nutritional status related to dyslipidemia in Korean middle-aged adults (between 50 and 64 years old) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data (2007~2010). A total of 4,721 subjects were analyzed in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (normal, borderline, and dyslipidemia) according to serum lipid levels. Parameters included in this study were drinking and smoking, anthropometric parameters, blood and nutritional parameters. The latter parameter included food/nutrients intake. All data was adjusted by sex, region, education level, and age. General linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. The dyslipidemia group was comprised of more men than women. By contrast, the borderline group was comprised of more women than men (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for other general characteristics. There were more smokers and drinkers(drinking per time) in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Anthropometric data showed significant difference, ie, height (p<0.05), weight, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and blood pressure were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). Only blood urea nitrogen showed no significant difference among groups. The HbA1c (p<0.01), fasting blood glucose, GOT, GPT, creatinine levels were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). So it is required for the management of obesity in dyslipidemia group. The dyslipidemia group ate less sea food (p<0.05). The nutrients intake of energy and protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus were lower in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Therefore, to lower dyslipidemia prevalence rates, it is necessary to increase the intake of foods containing ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids. We also suggest a meal management program and nutritional education to recognize the risk of dyslipidemia, especially for people such as the individual in the borderline and dyslipidemia study groups.