• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2024

The presence of traditional media content on online platforms is one of the critical issues nowadays, and Article 17 of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) seeks to regulate this. However, it can be seen that the current version of the text is not yet free of flaws: both its harmonisation with the Digital Services Regulation, its use of definitions and the media fast track mechanism it contains would require careful legislative scrutiny before the final text is adopted. The article examines if the self-declaration procedure envisaged by the EMFA would create a loophole for rogue media actors and bring confusion at both the European and horizontal levels or if it would fit the original goal of the EMFA, which is to improve the functioning of the internal European media market and to reinforce the independent media.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2008

In this paper, the basic principle, the application and the limitation of Infrared thermography technique to detect defects in different kinds of concrete structures are reviewed. Considered are voids beneath the concrete surface with experiments, delamination between concrete surface and fiber reinforced polymer sheet, the deterioration of steel bars in reinforced concrete, surface defects in historical buildings, pavements, bridges, and railway track graves. As a result, we conclude that infrared thermography methods are useful for fast detecting defects; however, they are influenced by environmental factors, specially temperature. Therefore it is recommended to use the infrared thermography technique with other NDT equipments to expect better result.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.89-106
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• 2022

Recently, the amount of video data collected from smartphones, CCTVs, black boxes, and high-definition cameras has increased rapidly. According to the increasing video data, the requirements for analysis and utilization are increasing. Due to the lack of skilled manpower to analyze videos in many industries, machine learning and artificial intelligence are actively used to assist manpower. In this situation, the demand for various computer vision technologies such as object detection and tracking, action detection, emotion detection, and Re-ID also increased rapidly. However, the object detection and tracking technology has many difficulties that degrade performance, such as re-appearance after the object's departure from the video recording location, and occlusion. Accordingly, action and emotion detection models based on object detection and tracking models also have difficulties in extracting data for each object. In addition, deep learning architectures consist of various models suffer from performance degradation due to bottlenects and lack of optimization. In this study, we propose an video analysis system consists of YOLOv5 based DeepSORT object tracking model, SlowFast based action recognition model, Torchreid based Re-ID model, and AWS Rekognition which is emotion recognition service. Proposed model uses single-linkage hierarchical clustering based Re-ID and some processing method which maximize hardware throughput. It has higher accuracy than the performance of the re-identification model using simple metrics, near real-time processing performance, and prevents tracking failure due to object departure and re-emergence, occlusion, etc. By continuously linking the action and facial emotion detection results of each object to the same object, it is possible to efficiently analyze videos. The re-identification model extracts a feature vector from the bounding box of object image detected by the object tracking model for each frame, and applies the single-linkage hierarchical clustering from the past frame using the extracted feature vectors to identify the same object that failed to track. Through the above process, it is possible to re-track the same object that has failed to tracking in the case of re-appearance or occlusion after leaving the video location. As a result, action and facial emotion detection results of the newly recognized object due to the tracking fails can be linked to those of the object that appeared in the past. On the other hand, as a way to improve processing performance, we introduce Bounding Box Queue by Object and Feature Queue method that can reduce RAM memory requirements while maximizing GPU memory throughput. Also we introduce the IoF(Intersection over Face) algorithm that allows facial emotion recognized through AWS Rekognition to be linked with object tracking information. The academic significance of this study is that the two-stage re-identification model can have real-time performance even in a high-cost environment that performs action and facial emotion detection according to processing techniques without reducing the accuracy by using simple metrics to achieve real-time performance. The practical implication of this study is that in various industrial fields that require action and facial emotion detection but have many difficulties due to the fails in object tracking can analyze videos effectively through proposed model. Proposed model which has high accuracy of retrace and processing performance can be used in various fields such as intelligent monitoring, observation services and behavioral or psychological analysis services where the integration of tracking information and extracted metadata creates greate industrial and business value. In the future, in order to measure the object tracking performance more precisely, there is a need to conduct an experiment using the MOT Challenge dataset, which is data used by many international conferences. We will investigate the problem that the IoF algorithm cannot solve to develop an additional complementary algorithm. In addition, we plan to conduct additional research to apply this model to various fields' dataset related to intelligent video analysis.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-165
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• 2023

Recommendation system plays a significant role on relieving difficulties of selecting information among rapidly increasing amount of information caused by the development of the Internet and on efficiently displaying information that fits individual personal interest. In particular, without the help of recommendation system, E-commerce and OTT companies cannot overcome the long-tail phenomenon, a phenomenon in which only popular products are consumed, as the number of products and contents are rapidly increasing. Therefore, the research on recommendation systems is being actively conducted to overcome the phenomenon and to provide information or contents that are aligned with users' individual interests, in order to induce customers to consume various products or contents. Usually, collaborative filtering which utilizes users' historical behavioral data shows better performance than contents-based filtering which utilizes users' preferred contents. However, collaborative filtering can suffer from cold-start problem which occurs when there is lack of users' historical behavioral data. In this paper, hybrid music recommendation system, which can solve cold-start problem, is proposed based on the playlist data of Melon music streaming service that is given by Kakao Arena for music playlist continuation competition. The goal of this research is to use music tracks, that are included in the playlists, and metadata of music tracks and playlists in order to predict other music tracks when the half or whole of the tracks are masked. Therefore, two different recommendation procedures were conducted depending on the two different situations. When music tracks are included in the playlist, LightFM is used in order to utilize the music track list of the playlists and metadata of each music tracks. Then, the result of Item2Vec model, which uses vector embeddings of music tracks, tags and titles for recommendation, is combined with the result of LightFM model to create final recommendation list. When there are no music tracks available in the playlists but only playlists' tags and titles are available, recommendation was made by finding similar playlists based on playlists vectors which was made by the aggregation of FastText pre-trained embedding vectors of tags and titles of each playlists. As a result, not only cold-start problem can be resolved, but also achieved better performance than ALS, BPR and Item2Vec by using the metadata of both music tracks and playlists. In addition, it was found that the LightFM model, which uses only artist information as an item feature, shows the best performance compared to other LightFM models which use other item features of music tracks.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.165-191
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• 2019

The purpose of this article is to elucidate why the motif of time travel is repeated in the science fiction narrative by examining the functions of this motif in the SF movie series of Star Trek in its narrative and non-narrative aspects. Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986) aims to attract the audience's interest in the story through the use of plausible time travel in the form of the slingshot effect which causes the spacecraft to fly at very fast speeds around an astronomical object. The movie also touches upon the predestination paradox that arises from a change of history in which it describes a formula of transparent aluminum that did not exist at the time. The film also serves as an evocation of the ideology of ecology by including humpback whales in the central narrative and responding to the real issue of the whale protection movement of the times. Star Track VIII: First Contact (1996) intends to interest the audience in the narrative with the warp drive, a virtual device that enables travel at speeds faster than that of light and a signature visual of Star Trek, at the time of its birth through time travel. The film emphasizes the continuation of peaceful efforts by warning the destruction of humanity that nuclear war can bring. It tackles with the view of pacifism and idealism by stressing the importance of cooperation between countries in the real world by making the audience anticipate the creation of the United Federation of Planets through encounters with the extraterrestrial. Star Trek: The Beginning (2009) improves interest through the idea of time travel to the past, this time using a black hole and the parallel universe created thereby. The parallel universe functions as a reboot, allowing a new story to be created on an alternate timeline while maintaining the original storyline. In addition, this film repeats the themes pacifism and idealism shown in the 1996 film through the confrontation between Spock (and the Starfleet) and Nero, the destruction of the Vulcan and the Romulus, and the cooperation of humans and Vulcans. Eventually, time travel in three Star Trek films has the function of maximizing the audience's interest in the story and allowing it to develop freely as a narrative tool. It also functions as an ideal solution for commenting on current problems in the non-narrative aspect. The significance of this paper is to stress the possibility that the motif of time travel in SF narrative will evolve as it continues to repeat in different forms as mentioned above.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

High voltage distribution lines in the electric railway system placed according track with communication lines and signal equipments. Case of the over head lines is occurrence the many fault because lightning, rainstorm, damage from the sea wind and so on. According this fault caused protection device to wrong operation. One line ground fault that occurs most frequently in railway high voltage distribution lines and sort of faults is line short, three line ground breaking of a wire, and so on. For this reason we need precise maintenance for prevent of the faults. The most important is early detection and fast restoration in time of fault for a safety transit. In order to develop an advanced fault location device for 22.9[kV] distribution power network in electric railway system this paper deals with new fault locating algorithm using flow technique which enable to determine the location of the fault accurately. To demonstrate its superiorities, the case studies with the algorithm and the fault analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer Aided Design/Electro Magnetic Transients DC Analysis Program) were carried out with the models of direct-grounded 22.9[kV] distribution network which is supposed to be the grounding method for electric railway system in Korea.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.598-603
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• 2014

In wireless sensor networks, two methods have been generally used to track continuously moving object: a user query-based method and a periodic report-based method. Although the former method generates more overhead as a result of the user queries, the former one is also an energy-efficient method that does not transfer unnecessary information. For the user query-based method, a virtual tree that consist of sensor nodes is used to perform the user query and the sensor reporting. The tree stores the information of the mobile objects, and the stored information triggers a report b the user query. However, in case of a fast-moving object, the tracking accuracy decreases as a result of the time delay of the end-to-end repeated query. In order to solve this problem, we propose a query-relay method that reduces the time delay for mobile object tracking. In the proposed method, the nodes in the tree relay the query to adjacent nodes according to the movement of mobile object that is tracked. When the query messages are relayed. The end-to-end querying time delay is reduced. and a simulation shows that our method is superior to existing ones in terms of tracking accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to identify the kinematic variables of giant swing backward to handstand as well as individual variations of each athlete performing this skill, which in turn will provide the basis for developing suitable training methods and for improving athlete's performance in actual games. For this end, 3 male athletes, members of the national team, who are in ${\Box}{\Box}H{\Box}{\Box}$ University, have been randomly chosen and their giant swing backward to handstand performance was recorded using two digital cameras and analyzed in 3 dimensional graphics. This study came to the following conclusion. 1. Proper time allocation for giant swing backward to handstand are: Phase 1 should provide enough time to attain energy for swing track of a grand round movement. The phase 3 is to throw the body up high in the air and stay in the air as long as possible to smoothen up the transition to the next stage and the phase 4 should be kept short with the moment arm coefficient of the body reduced. 2. As for appropriate changes of locations of body center, the phase 1 should be comprised of horizontal, perpendicular, compositional to make up a big rotational radius. Up to the Phase 3 the changes of displacements of vertical locations should be a good scale and athlete's body should go up high quickly to increase the perpendicular climbing power 3. When it comes to the speed changes of body center, the vertical and horizontal speed should be spurred by the reaction of the body in Phase 2 and Phase 3. In the Phase 4, fast vertical speed throws the body center up high to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement. 4. The changes of angles of body center are: in Phase 2, shoulder joint is stretching and coxa should be curved up to utilize the body reaction. In the Phase 4, shoulder joint and coxa should be stretched out to get the body center as high as possible in the air for stable landing. 5. The speeds of changes in joints angles are: in the Phase 2 should have the speed of angles of shoulder joints increase to get the body up in the air as quickly as possible. The Phase 3 should have the speed of angles in shoulder joint slow down, while putting the angles of a knee joint up to speed as quickly as possible to ensure enough time for in-the-air movement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

As construction projects became larger and longer, the need for the construction technologies and innovative construction processes has been continuously increased in construction field. In response to this trend, construction industries tried to adopt the concurrent engineering which had been normally applied for manufacturing industries to develop the products with improved quality in a reduced time. However, the application of the concurrent engineering to construction field was limited due to the lack of advanced management system and incomplete theoretical backgrounds. In this regard, this study attempted to develop a checklist for the successful application of concurrent engineering to bridge projects. To this end, this study presents the checklist for the application of concurrent engineering to construction projects. Further, the checklist was modified and updated to reflect the specific feature of the bridge construction using expert interviews. With the help of additional 188 experts, a questionnaire-based survey was also conducted to validate the checklist. In addition, using importance-performance analysis(IPA), the study identified the factors needed for intensive improvement. Consequently, the proposed checklist is expected to be useful, because it improves the applicability of the concurrent engineering in that it enables managers to monitor construction progress and further to protect the project from potential risks.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.5
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• pp.539-548
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose that fast tracking algorithm for moving object is separated from background, using partial boundary line information. After detecting boundary line from input image, we track moving object by using the algorithm which takes boundary line information as feature of moving object. we extract moving vector on the imput image which has environmental variation, using high-performance BMA, and we extract moving object on the basis of moving vector. Next, we extract boundary line on the moving object as an initial feature-vector generating step for the moving object. Among those boundary lines, we consider a part of the boundary line in every direction as feature vector. And then, as a step for the moving object, we extract moving vector from feature vector generated under the information of the boundary line of the moving object on the previous frame, and we perform tracking moving object from the current frame. As a result, we show that the proposed algorithm using feature vector generated by each directional boundary line is simple tracking operation cost compared with the previous active contour tracking algorithm that changes processing time by boundary line size of moving object. The simulation for proposed algorithm shows that BMA operation is reduced about 39% in real image and tracking error is less than 2 pixel when the size of feature vector is [$10{\times}5$] using the information of each direction boundary line. Also the proposed algorithm just needs 200 times of search operation bout processing cost is varies by the size of boundary line on the previous algorithm.