• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1992

A novel oral controlled release tablet which may offer more uniform drug level in the body than simple zero-order was developed. The tablet is composed of three layers; outer film layer, middle part compression-coated hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix layer, and inner core layer. Each layer contains nicardipine HCl as a model drug. In vitro dissolution test showed that the tablet released the drug in clear three steps; a rapid initial release, followed by a constant rate of release, and then a second phase of fast release of drug. The dissolution characteristics could be modified easily by changing the grade of HPMC, thickness of matrix layer, content of methylcellulose in matrix layer, content of active ingredient in each layer. The pH of dissolution medium did not affect the release profile. This three-step release system is expected to raise the blood concentration rapidly to effective level and to maintain effective blood level longer than simple slow-release systems.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

A recent trend In flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) Is to utilize the Identical versatile machines with fast tool delivery devices. Unlike a conventional FMS where parts are fed to the machines with the required tools, tools are acquired from other machines using a tool delivery system and parts can be finished on the same machine In these FMS. Therefore it Is more important problem 4o plan tool flow using tool delivery system In these FMS rather than part flow In conventional FMS. According to the existing study, In FMS 20∼30 percent of the total management cost Is the cost related with tools and It Is possible to reduce the tool Inventory by 40 percent using efficient tool allocation. In this study, In FMS under dynamic tool allocation strategy, a new method of part release considering tool flow at the stage of part release Is proposed. In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed part release It is compared with other part release through simulation experiments. Performance measures in these experiments are the throughput and the number of tardy parts.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.327-330
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• 2002

Alginate based polymeric matrices were designed for controlled release and stabilization of cefaclor in gastrointestinal fluid. Cefaclor is known to be acid stable and subjected to be degraded at neutral and alkaline pHs. In order to achieve an effective release profile of cefaclor in gastrointestinal tract, a particular strategy in dosage form design should be required from the view point of maintaining its activity. The amphiphilic nature of cefaclor allowed its controlled release using ionic polymers based on ionic interaction between the drug and polymers. The thrust of this study was to develop a technique that delivers cefaclor keeping effective release rate in the intestinal tract. Considering the fast degradation of cefaclor in the intestinal fluid, the matrices were designed to release surplus amount of cefaclor. The alginate based matrices demonstrated increase in release rate in the simulated intestinal fluid, which was favorable to compensate the degraded portion of cefaclor. In addition, stabilization of cefaclor in the intestinal fluid was obtained by employing citric acid that provides an local acidic environment. The matrices might be valuably used for the development of an oral cefaclor dosage form.

• 태양에너지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1994

[ $Ca(OH)_2/CaO$ ]계 가역반응 싸이클을 이용하는 화학축열에서 열전도도가 낮은 고체입자 충전층의 전열성능을 개선하여 축열장치의 효율을 높이고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 반응기내의 CaO 입자 충전층의 전열성능 향상을 도모하기 위해 반응기 속에 구리판으로 된 전열핀을 설치하고 수화발열 반응시의 방열특성을 조사 하였다. 이 때 반응조건의 변화에 따른 반응층내의 온도 분포를 조사하고 전열촉진 효과에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과 구리판 전열핀의 방열촉진 효과로 인하여 수화발열반응의 방열시간이 전열핀을 사용하지 않은 때보다 1/2 이상 단축되었으며, 방열시간은 전열핀의 매수에 가장 많은 영향을 받았다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1994

In this research, investigations were made on the effect of type and load of organic substrate on phosphorus release. Reactors of three different sizes were operated, being fed on five kinds of organic substrates. The quantitative analyses were made on phosphorus release and substrate utilization under anaerobic condition. The molar ratios of the uptaken organic substrate to the released phosphorus were 0.5 with acetate, 0.6 with glucose, 0.8 with glucose/acetate, and 1.2 with glucose/acids, respectively. The phosphorus release was inhibited at the higher organic load than the normal at stead state. Both acetate and acids/glucose enhanced phosphorus release- as well as uptake-rate, however, the complete phosphorus removal was achieved after the microbial adaptation to the new environment. In case with acetate, operation was hampered by the poor sludge settleability and phosphorus uptake was not enough although the phosphorus release was active. But with milk/starch, the phosphorus release and uptake was well developed even though phosphorus release was not comparatively high. From this study, it was concluded that organic substrates, such as glucose seemed to be converted fatty acids after fast bio-sorption, followed by concurrent uptake of these acids by excess phosphorus removing bacteria.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2002

Core disruptive accidents have been investigated at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) as part of the work to demonstrate the inherent and ultimate safety of conceptual design of the Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor(KALIMER), a 150 MWe pool- type sodium cooled prototype fast reactor that uses U-Pu-Zr metallic fuel. In this study, a simple method and associated computer program, SCHAMBETA, was developed using a modified Bethe-Tait method to simulate the kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of a homogeneous spherical core over the period of the super-prompt critical power excursion induced by the ramp reactivity insertion. Calculations of the energy release during excursions in the sodium-voided core of the KALIMER were subsequently performed using the SCHAMBETA code for various reactivity insertion rates up to 100 S/s, which has been widely considered to be the upper limit of ramp rates due to fuel compaction. Benchmark calculations were made to compare with the results of more detailed analysis for core meltdown energetics of the oxide fuelled fast reactor. A set of parametric studies were also performed to investigate the sensitivity of the results on the various thermodynamics and reactor parameters.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2008

산소소모법을 이용한 화재발열량 측정장치를 구성하고 대표적인 주택가연물(침대, 책상, 냉장고, 장롱)에 대하여 화재 발열량을 측정하였다. 발열량 측정 결과 최대 발열량은 각각 냉장고 1MW, 책상 0.8MW, 장롱 4.2MW, 침대 0.4MW로 나타났으며, 특히 냉장고와 장롱의 경우 화재성장속도가 상대적으로 빨라 위험요인이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1195-1199
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• 1997

Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) release from poly(N-methylpyrrole anthraquinone-2-sulfonate) (PNMP-AQS) was investigated at open circuit and compared with electrochemically stimulated release during potential cycling. It was found that the fast AQS release from PNMP-AQS single layers is substantially retarded and the amounts of spontaneously and electrochemically releasable AQS can be reduced by constructing bilayers, consisting of PNMP-AQS inner layers and PNMP outer layers. PNMP-Cl outer layers exhibited higher effectiveness for entrapping AQS within inner layers than PNMP/poly(styrene slfonate). The effects of outer layer thicknesses on AQS release were also examined with PNMP-AQS:PMP-Cl. The electroactivity enhancement of PNMP-AQS:PNMP-Cl bilayers due to entrapped AQS was confirmed by chronocoulometry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2005

4-Aminopyridine (AP) is a potassium channel blocker used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. AP‘s window of therapeutic effect appears to correlate with its plasma halflife (3.5 hours). It demonstrates pH-dependent solubility because of a weakly basic drug. In addition, the resulting release from conventional matrix tablets decreases with increasing pH-milieu of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to design sustained release matrix tablet containing AP, overcoming this problem. $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ L 100 (EuL) and sodium alginate were used in an effort to achieve pH independent drug release. The effect of sodium alginate and EuL on drug release from matrix tablet was investigated. The drug release behavior from the different tablets was analyzed by $t_{20%},\;t_{40%},\;t_{60%}$, The exponential diffusion coefficient n, kinetic constant K were calculated according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. The drug release from matrix tablets prepared with sodium alginate was decreased with increasing the content of sodium alginate in pH 7.4 while there is no significant difference in pH 1.2. The exponent n values were determined to be approximately 0.5 and 0.8 respectively, in both pH 1.2 and 7.4. These values indicate diffusion-based anomalous mechanism and erosion-based anomalous mechanism, respectively. The drug release from sodium alginate matrix tablets prepared with solid dispersion of EuL containing drug showed a slow drug release in an acidic medium and a more fast drug release in phosphate medium, compared with sodium alginate matrix tablets prepared with physical mixture. These results may be attributed to the gel forming ability of sodium alginate and pH dependent solubility of EuL. Therefore, sustained-release AP matrix tablets using sodium alginate and EuL were successfully prepared.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.377-380
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• 2001

A recent trend in flexible manufacturing systems(FMS) is to compose of the identical versatile-machines and to use dynamic tool allocation strategy, sharing tools between machines with fast tool delivery system. Unlike a conventional FMS where parts are fed to the machines with the required tools, tools are acquired from other machines using a tool delivery system and parts can be finished on the same machine in these FMS. Therefore it is more important problem to plan tool flow using tool delivery system in these FMS rather than part flow in conventional FMS. According to existing study, in FMS 20~30 percent of the total management cost is the cost related with tools and it is possible to reduce the tool inventory by 40 percent using efficient tool allocation. In this study, in FMS under dynamic tool allocation strategy, a new method of part release considering tool flow at the stage of part release is proposed. In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed part release it is compared with other part release through simulation experiments. Performance measures in these experiments are the throughput and the number of tardy parts.