• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

TCR subunits are members of membrane-bound receptors which allow the fast and efficient elimination of the specific fish pathogens have regulated function in adaptive immunity. Sequence structure of TCR subunits have been reported for various teleosts, but the information of each TCR subunit functional characterization through expression analysis in fish was unknown. In this study, we examined the gene expression of TCR subunits in the early developmental stages and observed transcript levels in various tissues from healthy adult olive flounder by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of alpha subunit was already detected in the previous hatching step. But the transcripts of another TCR subunit were not observed during embryo development and increased after hatching and maintained until metamorphosis at the same level. It was found that all TCR subunits mRNAs are commonly expressed in the immune-related organ such as spleen, kidney and gill, also weak expressed in fin and eye. TCR alpha and beta subunit were expressed in brain, whereas gamma and delta were not expressed same tissue. The sequence alignment analysis shows that there are more than 80% sequence homology between TCR subunits. Because it has a high similarity of amino acid sequence to expect similar in function, but expression analysis show that will have may functional diversity due to different time and place of expression.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The main game architectures for multiplayer online games are the traditional client-server architectures, multi-server architectures and P2P(peer-to-peer) architectures. P2P architectures, due to their distributed and collaborative nature, have low infrastructure costs and can achieve high scalability as well as fast response time by creating direct connections between players. However, P2P architectures face many challenges. Distributing a game among peers makes maintaining control over the game more complex. These architectures also tend to be vulnerable to churn and cheating. Providing consistency control in P2P systems is also more difficult since conflicting updates might be executed at different sites resulting in inconsistency. In order to avoid or correct inconsistencies, most multiplayer games use a primary-copy replication approach where any update to the object has to be first performed on the primary copy. This paper presents the primary-copy model with the update dissemination mechanism that provides consistency control over an object in P2P architectures for multiplayer online games. The performance for this model is evaluated through simulation experiments and analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2016

The paper studies a comparison analysis of semi-active control strategies for a Macpherson strut type suspension system consisting of MR(magneto-rheological) damper. As a first step, in order to formulate governing, a dynamic full model of a Macpherson strut is developed considering the kinematics. The nonlinear equation of motion of the strut is then linearized around the equilibrium point. A new adaptive moving sliding model controller is developed for fast response of the system. A newly proposed adaptive moving sliding mode control strategy is then compared with conventional sliding mode controller and skyhook controller. The comparison is made for two different types of road inputs; bump and random road profiles showing superior vibration control performance in time and frequency domains.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1714-1728
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• 2016

This paper presents improved harmonics extraction based on Adaptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE) algorithm for single phase photovoltaic (PV) shunt active power filter (SAPF). The proposed algorithm, named later as Improved ADALINE, contributes to better performance by removing cosine factor and sum of element that are considered as unnecessary features inside the existing algorithm, known as Modified Widrow-Hoff (W-H) ADALINE. A new updating technique, named as Fundamental Active Current, is introduced to replace the role of the weight factor inside the previous updating technique. For evaluation and comparison purposes, both proposed and existing algorithms have been developed. The PV SAPF with both algorithms was simulated in MATLAB-Simulink respectively, with and without operation or connection of PV. For hardware implementation, laboratory prototype has been developed and the proposed algorithm was programmed in TMS320F28335 DSP board. Steady state operation and three critical dynamic operations, which involve change of nonlinear loads, off-on operation between PV and SAPF, and change of irradiances, were carried out for performance evaluation. From the results and analysis, the Improved ADALINE algorithm shows the best performances with low total harmonic distortion, fast response time and high source power reduction. It performs well in both steady state and dynamic operations as compared to the Modified W-H ADALINE algorithm.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.165-175
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• 2016

A data allocation technique is essential to improve the performance of data broadcast systems. This paper explores the issues for allocating data items on broadcast channels to process multiple-data queries in the environment where query profiles and query request rates are given, and proposes a new data allocation scheme named QBDA. The proposed scheme allows the query with higher request rate to have higher priority to schedule its data items and introduces the concept of marking to reduce data conflicts. Simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of QBDA. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other schemes in terms of the average response time since it can process queries with high request rate fast and show a very desirable characteristics in the aspects of query data adjacency and data conflict probability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2009

There are various application of liquid crystal materials to devices, especially, blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) and nano-structured liquid crystal mixture have been studied recently because BPs existing temperature range has been expanded by polymer-stabilization and liquid crystal has been confined in room which has certain coherence length so that their particular characters, such as fast response time and optically isotropic state at no electric field, could apply to advanced liquid crystal display devices. However, there is an crucial problem which is high operating voltage from low Kerr constant and limited electric field utilization using in-plain electric field. In this paper, we will analyze cell structure in the way of using electric field and show effective electric field utilization to reduce operating voltage.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 2013

This paper describes a new sensorless speed control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) using direct torque control(DTC). The direct torque control offers fast torque response, lesser hardware and processing costs as compared to vector controlled drives. In this paper the current error compensation technique is applied for sensorless speed control of synchronous motor. Through this method, the controlled stator voltage is applied to the synchronous motor so that the error between stator currents of the mathematical model and the actual motor can be forced to decay to zero as time proceeds and therefore, the motor speed approaches to the setting value. Especially, any PI controllers are not necessary in this control method. The simulation results indicate good speed and load responses from the low speed range to the high.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2004

In this study, we carried out a basic study for the development of optical transcutaneous $pCO_{2}$ gas sensor and analyzer using non-invasive method. The basic principle of $pCO_{2}$ measurement is adapted Beer lambert's law and embodied the system using NDIR method. This measuring system was composed of a IR lamp, a optical filter, a optical reaction chamber, pyroelectric sensor and a signal process. We measured $EtCO_{2}'s$ concentration in basis step instead of $pCO_{2}$ gas that can collect by inflicting heat in outer skin. We minimize the size of optical reaction chamber which takes up the largest volume, to make the portable sensor. We made optical reaction chamber in Si wafer using MEMS technology and the optical reaction chamber was shortened to 2 mm and we carried out an experiment. When we injected the $EtCO_{2}$ to the inside of the optical reaction chamber, we could confirm change of 4.6 mV. The system response time was within 2 second that is fairly fast.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2017

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively studied as the active material in ammonia gas sensor because of its fast response time, high conductivity and environmental stability. It is well known that a post annealing process for organic devices based on PEDOT:PSS significantly increases the device performance. In this study, we propose the solvent annealing of PEDOT:PSS and investigated its effects. As a results, post solvent annealing on PEDOT:PSS lead to the surface chemical and physical properties change. These changes result in improved conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS. In additional, ammonia sensitivity of solvent annealed PEDOT:PSS become higher than pristine polymer film. The enhancement is mainly caused by the depletion of gas barrier PSS and structural re-forming PEDOT networks. We believe that the post solvent annealing is a promising method to achieve highly sensitivity PEDOT:PSS films for applications in efficient, low-cost and flexible ammonia gas sensor.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2003

The objective of this research is to provide basic data for improving athletic performances, suggesting methods that can be utilized at games and coaching movements in the snatch, by analyzing the level of contribution of muscles to the movements of the snatch lift through three-dimensional imaging and EMG analysis between skilled and unskilled lifters. To this end, three high school students (the skilled group), three middle school student (the unskilled group) were selected; two digital video cameras and electromyography were used. The muscles measured by an EMG include gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, and brachioradialis. Based on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) program, the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. 1. In performing snatch pulls, the skilled lifters were found to simultaneously move the weight centers of the body and the barbell close to vertical, close to the shoulders in the pulling portion; in snatching and grabbing the barbell from a sited position, it was observed that the shorter the time for adjusting to change in the height of the barbell by using rotational inertia, the better it is to perform the movements. 2. The skilled lifters were observed to perform stable and efficient movements in grabbing the bar in a sited position, by moving the barbell and weight center of the body close to vertical and moving the shoulder joint under the bar fast. 3. The results of the EMG analysis of the entire movements from the snatching portion to the portion of grabbing the bar in a sited position show that when the skilled lifters lifted the barbell vertically during the pulling portion, their shoulder joints were extended to put more weight on biceps femoris muscle and brachioradialis; and in snatching and grabbing the bar from a sited position, it was found desirable to increase the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae in order to achieve a balance in the movements of the hip joint between font and rear, as the weight centers of the body and the barbell move higher. On the other hand, the unskilled lifters were found that in response to change in posture, they increase their muscular strength inefficiently in performing the movements throughout the entire lifting process.