• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2005

고형 양식사료에 포함된 질소와 인의 미생물학적 제거 공정을 알아보기 위하여 벤치규모의 실험을 수행하였다. CK-10과 CK-13 균주가 새우양식장의 물시료로부터 분리되었다. CK-10과 CK-13의 혼합배양에서 N/P의 동시제거 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, $400\;{\mu}M\;NH^{+}_4$ 와 $NO^{-}_2$는 12시간 이내에 제거되었고, $NO^{-}_3$는 36시간 이내에 각각 제거되었으며, $500\;{\mu}M\;PO^{3-}_4$ 36시간 이내에 제거되었다. CK-10과 CK-13 배양을 새우양식사료에서 용출된 N와 P의 제거에 적용하였다. HPAEC-PAD 시스템을 이용하여 양식사료의 당을 분석하였으며, glucose, galactose, galatosamine, mammonse, fucose 등의 여러 가지 당이 분석되었다. 세균에 의한 질소와 인 제거를 수행하기 위하여 인공 해수에서 $0.2\%$(w/v)의 양식사료를 용출시켰으며, 72 시간동안 용출된 질소의 양은 대략 $33.3\;{\mu}M\;NH^{+}_4,\;12.9\;{\mu}M\;NO^{-}_2.\;81.5\;{\mu}M\;NO^{-}_3,\;248\;{\mu}M\;PO^{-3}_4$였다. 혼합배양은 $0.2\%$ 사료에 포함된 질소와 인을 84시간 이내에 완전히 제거하였으나, 단일배양은 주어진 배양기간동안 질소와 인을 완전제거 하지 못하였다. 이 연구에서 CK-10과 CK-13 배양은 새우양식사료에서 유래하는 질소와 인을 효과적으로 제거하는 것이 입증되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-55
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe?rature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe\ulcornerrature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The term, "food safety", has traditionally been viewed as a practical science aimed at assuring the prevention acute illnesses caused by biological microorganisms, and only to a minor extent, chronic diseases cause by chronic low level exposures to natural and synthetic chemicals or pollutants. "food safety" meant to prevent microbiological agents/toxins in/on foods, due to contamination any where from "farm to Fork", from causing acute health effects, especially to the young, immune-compromised, genetically-predisposed and elderly. However, today a broader view must also include the fact that diet, perse (nutrients, vitamins/minerals, calories), as well as low level toxins and pollutant or supplemented synthetic chemicals, can alter gene expressions of stem/progenitor/terminally-differentiated cells, leading to chronic inflammation and other mal-functions that could lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherogenesis and possibly reproductive and neurological disorders. Understanding of the mechanisms by which natural or synthetic chemical toxins/toxicants, in/on food, interact with the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases, should lead to a "systems" approach to "food safety". Clearly, the interactions of diet/food with the genetic background, gender, and developmental state of the individual, together with (a) interactions of other endogenous/exogenous chemicals/drugs; (b) the specific biology of the cells being affected; (c) the mechanisms by which the presence or absence of toxins/toxicants and nutrients work to cause toxicities; and (d) how those mechanisms affect the pathogenesis of acute and/or chronic diseases, must be integrated into a "system" approach. Mechanisms of how toxins/toxicants cause cellular toxicities, such as mutagenesis; cytotoxicity and altered gene expression, must take into account (a) irreversible or reversal changes caused by these toxins or toxicants; (b)concepts of thresholds or no-thresholds of action; and (c) concepts of differential effects on stem cells, progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells in different organs. This brief Commentary tries to illustrate this complex interaction between what is on/in foods with one disease, namely cancer. Since the understanding of cancer, while still incomplete, can shed light on the multiple ways that toxins/toxicants, as well as dietary modulation of nutrients/vitamins/metals/ calories, can either enhance or reduce the risk to cancer. In particular, diets that alter the embryo-fetal micro-environment might dramatically alter disease formation later in life. In effect "food safety" can not be assessed without understanding how food could be 'toxic', or how that mechanism of toxicity interacts with the pathogenesis of any disease.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

본 논문은 well-being을 모든 생활의 지향점으로 삼는 현대인의 삶이 본래의 목적에서 벗어나 과도한 소비문화로 이어지는 현대인의 욕망구조를 고찰하기 위해 진행된 작품 논문이다. 연구의 방법으로는 인간의 욕망이 소비로 이어지는 과정을 이론적으로 고찰 하고, 소비문화를 상징화 하는 쇼케이스에 담겨진 의미와 새로운 차이를 만들어내는 웰빙 문화를 비판적 시각으로 분석하는 방식을 전개하였다. 또한 실제적으로 위와 같은 이론이 적용된 작품으로 본인의 작품 'Well-buying Shop 1'을 선택하여 영상의 구성방법과 기법에 있어서 컨셉 구현 방법을 중점적으로 분석해 볼 것 이다. 작품 속에 등장하는 쇼케이스라는 상징물은 소비문화와 소유 욕망의 실험실을 대변하고 있으며, 웰빙 농장에서 길러지는 동물캐릭터를 중심으로 하여 3분 50초 동안 영상이 전개된다. 컷 아웃 애니메이팅 과정을 통하여 생명력이 부여된 작품 속의 동물 캐릭터들은 롱테이크 방식과 음율적 편집 방식으로 완성되어 관람객과 영상사이의 자연스러운 몰입이 시도된다. 또한 캐릭터와 배경이미지는 석판화기법으로 제작되어, 압력에 의해 표현되는 회화적 밀도와 색채의 다양성을 시도하였다. 위와 같은 작품을 근간으로 하여 진행된 본 연구는 진정한 건강한 삶은 무엇이며, 올바른 소비문화가 무엇인지를 뒤돌아보는 장을 마련하는 동시에 애니메이션의 이미지 제작 기법으로서 흔하지 않은 석판화의 다양한 색채와 표현기법을 시도하였다는 점에 의의를 둔다 하겠다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 2007

본 연구는 농촌관광마을 만들기에 있어서 주민참여 확대를 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 농림부의 녹색농촌체험마을사업이 진행중인 전남 장흥군 회진면 진목마을을 사례로 주민참여가 어떤 형식과 수준으로 이루어지고 있는지 주민참여의식의 실태를 고찰하였다. 연구의 결과, 농촌관광마을 만들기의 궁극적인 목표와 방법론 등 인식의 전환이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 마을주민 모두를 공동체로서의 '마을'로 인식시키고 공동작업 속으로 이끌어내는 것이 중요하게 대두되었다. 이를 위해 사업초기에 소규모라도 주민들에게 이익이 돌아갈 수 있는 사업의 발굴 및 실행이 필요하고, 사업단계별 주민의 적극적 참여와 역할이 요구되었다. 민박이나 숙박시설의 운영도 검토되어야 할 사항으로 나타났으며, 사업에 부정적 견해를 가지거나 방관자적 입장을 취하는 마을주민들에게 주민교육을 통한 참여의식 고취가 시급한 과제로 밝혀졌다. 끝으로 주민참여 활성화 방안으로 교육, 견학 기회 확대를 통한 주민교육 및 능력개발이 중요하며, 마을주민 스스로가 자립할 수 있는 동기부여가 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다. 과소화 노령화된 우리나라의 농촌현실을 감안하면, 농촌관광은 지속가능한 농촌발전을 위한 현실적인 대안이 될 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.221-221
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• 2015

Sustainable use of water resource and conservation of water quality are essential problems in the world. Especially, problems of water quality are serious one for human health as well as ecological system of all creatures on the earth. Recently, the importance of total effluent load as well as the concentrations of pollutant materials has been recognized not only for the conservation of water quality but also for sustainable water use in watersheds. However, the measurement or estimation of total effluent load from non-point source area such as farm lands or forests may be more difficult because both of concentration and discharge of the water are greatly changed depending on various factors especially metrological conditions such as rainfall, while the measurement from a point source area may be easy because the concentration of pollutant materials and amount of discharge water are relatively steady. Therefore, the total effluent load from a non-point source is often estimated by statistical relationships between concentration and discharge, which is called as L-Q equation. However, a lot of work and time are required to collect and analyze water samples and to get the accurate relationship or regressive equation. So, we proposed a new system for direct measurement of total effluent load of water quality from non-point source areas to solve the problem. In this system, the overflow depth at a hydraulic weir is measured with a pressure gage every hourly interval to calculate the amount of hourly discharge at first. Then, the operating time of a small electric pump to collect an amount of water which is proportional to the discharge is calculated to intake the water into a storage tank. The stored water is taken out a few days later in a case of storm event or several weeks later in a case of non-rainfall event and the concentrations of water quality such as total nitrogen and phosphorous are analyzed in a laboratory. Finally, total load of the water quality can be calculated by multiplying the concentration by the total volume of discharge. The system was installed in a small experimental forestry watershed to check the performance and know the total load of water quality from the forest. It was found that the system to collect a proportional amount of water to actual discharge operated perfectly and a total load of water quality was analyzed accurately. As the result, it was expected that the system will be very available to know the total load from a non-point source area.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

농업환경에서 농약방제는 농업인에게 작업 위험성과 높은 노동력을 요구한다. 무인항공기를 활용한 농약방제는 기후, 토지형태, 무인항공기의 특성에 따라 효율성이 다르게 나타난다. 따라서, 살포조건과 환경조건을 고려한 효율적인 무인항공기 농약방제 방안이 요구된다. 본 논문은 작물별 살포조건과 환경정보를 고려한 농업용 무인항공기 기반의 효율적인 농약 방제 시스템을 제안한다. 감수지 부착 후 고도 및 속도 변화에 따른 농약 낙하균일도 측정 및 작물 성장조건 변화에 따른 수관내부 약제 침투율 측정 실험을 통해 제안하는 모델의 효과성을 보였다. 실험결과, 무인항공기의 높이가 지면과 가까울수록 작물에 고르게 살포되지만 안전이 고려된 2m이상이 높이와 평균 2m/s의 속도에서 가장 방제효과가 적합하였다. 제안하는 방제 시스템은 농업환경에서의 다양한 무인항공기 활용 기반 지능형 서비스 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2022

Background: Occupational hazards in crop farms vary diversely based on different field operations as soil management, harvesting processes, pesticide, or fertilizer application. We aimed at evaluating the immunological status of crop farmers, as limited systematic investigations on immune alteration involved with crop farming have been reported yet. Methods: Immunological parameters including plasma immunoglobulin level, major peripheral immune cells distribution, and level of cytokine production from activated T cell were conducted. Nineteen grape orchard, 48 onion open-field, and 21 rose greenhouse farmers were participated. Results: Significantly low proportion of natural killer (NK) cell, a core cell for innate immunity, was revealed in the grape farmers (19.8±3.3%) in comparison to the onion farmers (26.4±3.1%) and the rose farmers (26.9±2.5%), whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte proportion was lower in the grape and the onion farmers than the rose farmers. The proportion of NKT cell, an immune cell implicated with allergic response, was significantly higher in the grape (2.3±0.3%) and the onion (1.6±0.8%) farmers compared with the rose farmers (1.0±0.4%). A significantly decreased interferon-gamma:interleukin-13 ratio was observed from ex vivo stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of grape farmers compared with the other two groups. The grape farmers revealed the lowest levels of plasma IgG1 and IgG4, and their plasma IgE level was not significantly different from that of the onion or the rose farmers. Conclusion: Our finding suggests the high vulnerability of workplace-mediated allergic immunity in grape orchard farmers followed by open-field onion farmers and then the rose greenhouse farmers.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 다출처 농업 데이터를 통찰할 수 있는 지식체계를 마련하고, 시간 흐름을 가지는 환경인자 분석 정보를 클러스터링 할 수 있는, 농작물 환경 인자 큐레이션 서비스 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 큐레이션 서비스는 크게 수집, 전처리, 저장, 분석의 네 단계로 구성된다. 첫째, 수집 단계에서는 OpenAPI 기반의 웹크롤러를 이용하여 다출처 농업 데이터에 대한 수집 및 정리를 수행한다. 둘째, 전처리 단계에서는 데이터 측정 오차를 감소시키기 위해 데이터 평활화를 수행한다. 이때 온실, 노지 등의 시설 특성에 따른 오차율을 고려하여 시설 유형별 평활화 방법을 적용한다. 셋째, 저장단계에서는 대용량 농업 데이터 관리를 위해, 농업 데이터 통합 스키마 및 Hadoop HDFS 기반의 저장 구조를 제안한다. 마지막으로 분석 단계에서는 농업 디지털 데이터의 시계열 특성을 고려한 DTW 기반의 시계열 분류를 수행한다. DTW 기반 시계열 분류를 통해 시계열 데이터의 특성을 손실 없이 반영하여 예측 결과 정확도를 향상시킨다. 향후 연구로는 제안한 서비스 방법을 구현하여 스마트팜 온실에 적용하고, 테스트 및 검증을 수행할 예정이다.