• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2012

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2006

This study investigates the application of data mining techniques such as artificial neural networks, rough sets, and induction teaming to the intrusion detection systems. To maximize the effectiveness of data mining for intrusion detection systems, we introduced the asymmetric costs with false positive errors and false negative errors. And we present a method for intrusion detection systems to utilize the asymmetric costs of errors in data mining. The results of our empirical experiment show our intrusion detection model provides high accuracy in intrusion detection. In addition the approach using the asymmetric costs of errors in rough sets and neural networks is effective according to the change of threshold value. We found the threshold has most important role of intrusion detection model for decreasing the costs, which result from false negative errors.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2012

We propose some methods to obtain optimal thresholds and classification functions by using various cutoff criterion based on the bivariate ROC curve that represents bivariate cumulative distribution functions. The false positive rate and false negative rate are calculated with these classification functions for bivariate normal distributions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system used with automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS) for suspicious lesions detected on breast MRI, and CAD-false lesions. Materials and Methods: We included a total of 40 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ABUS (ACUSON S2000) to evaluate multiple suspicious lesions found on MRI. We used CAD ($QVCAD^{TM}$) in all the ABUS examinations. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CAD and analyzed the characteristics of CAD-detected lesions and the factors underlying false-positive and false-negative cases. We also analyzed false-positive lesions with CAD on ABUS. Results: Of a total of 122 suspicious lesions detected on MRI in 40 patients, we excluded 51 daughter nodules near the main breast cancer within the same quadrant and included 71 lesions. We also analyzed 23 false-positive lesions using CAD with ABUS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CAD (for 94 lesions) with ABUS were 75.5%, 44.4%, 59.7%, and 62.5%, respectively. CAD facilitated the detection of 81.4% (35/43) of the invasive ductal cancer and 84.9% (28/33) of the invasive ductal cancer that showed a mass (excluding non-mass). CAD also revealed 90.3% (28/31) of the invasive ductal cancers measuring larger than 1 cm (excluding non-mass and those less than 1 cm). The mean sizes of the true-positive versus false-negative mass lesions were $2.08{\pm}0.85cm$ versus $1.6{\pm}1.28cm$ (P < 0.05). False-positive lesions included sclerosing adenosis and usual ductal hyperplasia. In a total of 23 false cases of CAD, the most common (18/23) cause was marginal or subareolar shadowing, followed by three simple cysts, a hematoma, and a skin wart. Conclusion: CAD with ABUS showed promising sensitivity for the detection of invasive ductal cancer showing masses larger than 1 cm on MRI.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1289-1300
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• 2009

표본추출 비용의 절감을 위해 흔히 사용되는 이중표본추출방법은 대부분의 표본들이 2종류의 오류에 의해 오염이 되어 있어 통계적 분석이 상대적으로 용이하지 않다. 특히, 비율의 추론을 위한 중요한 분석 도구인 구간추정은 현재까지 우도추정량의 정규근사에 의존하는 Wald 방법만이 알려져 있으나 Wald 신뢰구간은 포함확률의 근사성 등에서 많은 문제가 있다는 것이 여러 연구에서 확인되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이중표본추출에서 Wald 신뢰구간의 문제점을 파악하고 이에 대한 대안으로 Agresti-Coull 유형의 신뢰구간을 제시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6619-6623
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• 2013

Background:The aim of the research was to explore a cost effective, fast, easy to perform, and sensitive method for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing. Methods: High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of the analysis for dectecting EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and plasma free DNA from 120 patients. Results: The total EGFR mutation rate was 37.5% (45/120) detected by direct sequencing. There were 48 mutations in 120 FFPE tissues assessed by HRM. For plasma free DNA, the EGFR mutation rate was 25.8% (31/120). The sensitivity of HRM assays in FFPE samples was 100% by HRM. There was a low false-positive mutation rate but a high false-negative rate in plasma free DNA detected by HRM. Conclusions: Our results show that HRM analysis has the advantage of small tumor sample need. HRM applied with plasma free DNA showed a high false-negative rate but a low false-positive rate. Further research into appropriate methods and analysis needs to be performed before HRM for plasma free DNA could be accepted as an option in diagnostic or screening settings.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

We retrospectively reviewed the results of 1,850 fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of thyroid nodules performed from 1990 to 1991 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Among 1,528 cases and 322 cases aspirated by clinicians and a pathologist, 465 cases(30.4%) and 13 cases(4.0%) of the aspirates were inadequate, respectively. In 227 cases, correlation of the FNAC diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was done. Excluding the inadequate cases, the sensitivity nor the detection of neoplasm(malignancy together with follicular adenoma) was 86.4% and the specificity was 70.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.0%. There were 16 false-positive cases(7.0%), and 19 false-negative cases(8.4%). The predictive value of each cytologic diagnosis was 92% in papillary carcinoma, and 100%, in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The expectancy of malignancy was 52.8% in "suspicious malignancy" and 26.7% in "atypical lesion".

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.693-700
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• 2016

스팸 데이터 셋은 통상적으로 공개적으로 구하기 어렵고 기존 연구들은 대부분 스팸 이메일에 초점이 맞춰져 왔기 때문에 스팸 문자 메시지 자체 특성을 분석하는데 한계가 있었다. 스팸 이메일 특성 분석 활용 및 데이터 마이닝 기법 등의 활용을 통한 기존 연구들이 있었지만, 영향력이 높은 단일 단어를 활용한 스팸 문자 탐지 기법에 한정되어 있다는 한계점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 싱가폴 대학교에서 공개적으로 공개한 스팸 문자메시지를 다 각도에서 실험 및 분석하여 스팸 문자의 특성을 밝히고 동시출현 단어분석 기반의 스팸 문자 탐지 기법을 제안한다. 성능평가 결과, 제안하는 기법의 거짓 양성과 거짓 음성이 2%미만임을 보였다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2006년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.1 (B)
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• pp.55-57
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 컬러코드를 이용하여 증강현실 시스템에 사용 가능한 태그를 탐지하는 알고리즘을 설계하고 차단 현상에 강인한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 기존의 ARToolkit에서 태그의 일부분이 사용자 또는 다른 물체에 의해 가려지게 될 경우 증강되었던 객체가 순간 사라져 버리는 불안정성 (Instability) 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법에 초점을 맞춘다. 불안정성의 문제는 이미지 안에 태그가 존재하지만 해당하는 객체를 증강시키지 못하는 False Negative 에러와 태그가 존재하지 않는 곳에 잘못된 객체를 증강시키는 False Positive 에러로 분류 될 수 있다. 제안된 탐지 알고리즘으로 특정 컬러 영역을 분리하여 모서리 여부를 판별하고 모서리인 경우 가려진 꼭지점의 위치를 추출하여 태그가 차단에 의하여 가려졌을 때에도 객체를 안정적으로 증강시킬 수 있다. 기존 AR 시스템들의 태그를 가지고 Daylight 65, Illuminant A. CWF, TL84의 4가지의 표준 조명하에 컬러코드 4종류, ARToolkit 태그 4개, ARTag 4개를 이용하여 실험을 진행하여 차단 현상이 발생하면 전혀 객체를 증강시킬 수 없었던 ARToolkit에서도 DayLight65의 경우 50%의 False Negative. False Positive rate을 보여 기존 증강현실 시스템에서 보였던 불안정성 문제를 개선하였다.