• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Background: Pulmonary aspergilloma is relatively common in korea. It arises from the colonization and proliferation of Aspergillus in preexisting lung parenchymal cavities, in particular tuberculosis. The most common symptom in this disorder is hemoptysis, which mayor may not be massive and life threatening. A routine chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are the most important diagnostic procedures. A surgical resection of the aspergilloma has recently been recommended, because of the relatively low incidence of postoperative complications than in the past. A more concentrated sample of patients with aspergilloma, who either underwent a thoracotomy or tested positive for aspergillus antibodies, were reviewed. Method : The medical records of twenty-two patients with aspergilloma, who had a proven thoracotomy (9 cases), or who tested positive for the diagnostic procedure and/or aspergillus antibodies (13 cases) from January 1995 to December 2000, were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The most common underlying lung disease was a current or old healed tuberculosis, and 3 patients had cultures of mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT). The mean time until the aspergilloma was detected 5.91 years in the healed tuberculosis cases. The others cases involved a lung abscess, bronchiectasis and without lung disease. The extrapulmonary disease was alcoholism and diabetes. Hemoptysis was most common in 72.7%. A computed tomography (CT) is useful for diagnosis. The right upper lobe, especially the posterior segment, is the most common location. Bronchial artery embolization is ineffective for a long term follow-up. A lobectomy is most common in a thoracotomy, and intra-operative and post-operative complications are rare. During follow-up, the mortality rate, not from the aspergilloma but from respiratory failure, was 13.6%. Conclusion : Aspergilloma is a common cavitary lung disease, It mainly arises from tuberculosis, either current or healed, but extra-pulmonary disease including alcoholism or diabetes are other possible risk factors. Their most common problem in aspergilloma is hemoptysis. Surgery has a low risk of post-operative complications and is recommended in relatively preserved lung function or healthy patients. Medical maneuvers including embolization, and the local insertion of certain materials needs to be studied more closely.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.625-630
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• 2006

Background: Pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients is the result of a direct effect of tobacco smoke on the intrapulmonary vessels with the abnormal production of the mediators that control vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and vascular cell proliferation, which ultimately lead to aberrant vascular remodeling and physiology. COPD patients are prone to the developmint of an acute and chronic thromboembolism with an elevation of the plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic markers However, the roles of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system on the right ventricular dysfunction in COPD patients are not well defined. We examined the alteration of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in COPD patients according to the right ventricular function measured using cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: The right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured using cardiac MDCT in 26 patients who were diagnosed with COPD according to the definition of the GOLD guideline. The plasma level of thrombin antithrombin (TAT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were measured using an enzyme linked immunoassay. Results: The plasma TAT was markedly elevated in COPD patients ($10.5{\pm}19.8{\mu}g/L$) compared with those of the control ($3.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}g/L$) (p<0.01). However, the plasma PAI-1 in COPD patients ($29.6{\pm}20.7ng/mL$) was similar to that in the controls. The plasma TAT showed a significant inverse relationship with the RVEF measured by the cardiac MDCT in COPD patients (r=-0.645, p<0.01). However, the plasma PAI-1 did not show a relationship with the RVEF (r=0.022, p=0.92). Conclusion: These results suggest that the coagulation system in COPD patients is markedly activated, and that the plasma level of TAT might be a marker of a right ventricular dysfunction in COPD patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2009

Statement of problem: Recently the populations of patients receiving implant surgery are greatly increase for maintaining oral health. Purpose: This study was conducted for implanted patients to assess the chewing ability patient satisfaction level and changes in quality of life before and after the implant surgery. Material and methods: The current study subjected 109 adult patients, older than 20 years of age, who received implant surgery from December, 2006 to October, 2007 at the 6 dental clinics located at Daegu and Ulsan metropolitan cities. Twice of surveys were conducted for the patients before and after receiving the dental implant surgery. Results: As the motivation of receiving implant surgery, 45.9% of the patients selected the surgery for the chance o "f chewing function recovery", and " failure of treatment and complications" was found to be the most worrisome at the time of surgery by recording 38.5%.The satisfaction level before the implant surgery scored 30.37, while the score was increased to 45.01 after the surgery by showing a significant difference before and after receiving the surgery(P<.001). Regard on the surgery, 91.8% of the patients responded as "Satisfy", and 89% of the study subjects responded that they have willingness to recommend the surgery to their families and friends. The chewing ability score measured by using the surveys on edible foods, the score before the surgery was 15.24, while the score was increased to 19.11 after the surgery by showing a significant difference before and after receiving the surgery(P<.001). The quality of life score was also found to be increased to 11.17 after the surgery from 9.99 before the surgery by showing a significant difference(P<.001). Conclusion: In a future, the studies on the numbers of implanted loss teeth and the location of tooth loss are necessary, more long-term follow study are needed, and it is thought to be necessary to enlarge the sample size of subjects in conducting the studies.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.359-370
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• 2012

The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical status of fixed prostheses to improve the quality of dental care. In order to assess the clinical status of fixed prostheses, a total of 101 individuals (aged 30-89, 66 women and 35 men loaded with 125 fixed prostheses) who treated in the Department of Prosthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, between January 1990 to December 2005 were examined. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Length of service of fixed prostheses was $9.7{\pm}3.4$ years (mean), 11.1 years (median). 2. Age and sex of patient was found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed prostheses (P>.05). 3. Location of fixed prostheses was found to have statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed prostheses (P<.05). The longevity of fixed prostheses was low in anterio-posterior combination region (median:9.2 years). 4. Longevity of fixed prostheses made of base metal ceramic(median:12.0 years) and noble metal ceramic (median:11.3 years) is long (P<.05). 5. Number of units in fixed prostheses was found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed prostheses (P>.05). 6. Condition of opposing dentition was found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed prostheses (P>.05). 7. Dental caries, periapical disease, tooth fracture were frequent complications. In 51.9% of the cases, abutment state after removing fixed prostheses was needed to be extracted.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2011

With a development of implant restoration technique, there are increasing use of computer-guided system for edentulous patients. It was carried out simulated operation based on CT information about patient's bone quantity, quality and anatomical landmark. However, there are some difference between the programmed implant and post-operative implant about it's position. If the deviation was severe, it could happen a failure of 'passive fit' and not suited for path of implant restoration. The aim of this presentation is to evaluate about a degree of deviations between programmed implant and post-operative implant. Five patients treated by 'NobelGuide' system (Nobel Biocare AB, G$\ddot{o}$teborg, Sweden) in Department of Prosthodontics, Inha University were included in this study. The patients were performed CT radiograph taking and intra-oral impression taking at pre-operation. Based on CT images and study model, surgical stent was produced by NobelBiocareTM. To fabricated a pre-operative study model, after connected lab analog to surgical template, accomplished a pre-operative model using type 4 dental stone. At final impression, a post-operative study model was fabricated in the conventional procedures. Each study model was performed CT radiograph taking. Based on CT images, each implant was simulated in three dimensional position using $Procera^{(R)}$ software (Procera Software Clinical Design Premium, version 1.5; Nobel Biocare AB). In 3D simulated model, length and angulation between each implant of both pre- and post-operative implants were measured and recorded about linear and angular deviation between pre-and post-operative implants. A total of 24 implants were included in this study and 58 inter-implant sites between each implant were measured about linear and angular deviations. In the linear deviation a mean deviation of 0.41 mm (range 0~1.7 mm) was reported. In the angular deviation, a mean deviation was $1.99^{\circ}$ (range $0^{\circ}{\sim}6.7^{\circ}$). It appears that the both linear and angular mean deviation value were well acceptable to application of computer-guided implant system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

A discounted cost model for preventive maintenance of armor units of rubble-mound breakwaters is mathematically derived by combining the deterioration model based on a discrete-time stochastic process of shock occurrence with the cost model of renewal process together. The discounted cost model of condition-based maintenance proposed in this paper can take into account the nonlinearity of cumulative damage process as well as the discounting effect of cost. By comparing the present results with the previous other results, the verification is carried out satisfactorily. In addition, it is known from the sensitivity analysis on variables related to the model that the more often preventive maintenance should be implemented, the more crucial the level of importance of system is. However, the tendency is shown in reverse as the interest rate is increased. Meanwhile, the present model has been applied to the armor units of rubble-mound breakwaters. The parameters of damage intensity function have been estimated through the time-dependent prediction of the expected cumulative damage level obtained from the sample path method. In particular, it is confirmed that the shock occurrences can be considered to be a discrete-time stochastic process by investigating the effects of uncertainty of the shock occurrences on the expected cumulative damage level with homogeneous Poisson process and doubly stochastic Poisson process that are the continuous-time stochastic processes. It can be also seen that the stochastic process of cumulative damage would depend directly on the design conditions, thus the preventive maintenance would be varied due to those. Finally, the optimal periods and scale for the preventive maintenance of armor units of rubble-mound breakwaters can be quantitatively determined with the failure limits, the levels of importance of structure, and the interest rates.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathologic effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) in children with diseases characterized by mesangial immunoglobulin A deposits such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch-Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic outcomes of 54 children (IgAN, 36; HSPN, 18) treated with CsA. The starting dose of CsA was 5 mg/kg per day, and it was administered in 2 divided doses. The degree of proteinuria and pathologic changes in renal biopsies were evaluated before and after CsA treatment. Results: The mean protein to creatinine ratio decreased from $3.7{\pm}1.5$ to $0.6{\pm}0.4$(P <0.001), and 32 (59.2%) children achieved complete remission of proteinuria after 1-year CsA treatment. Among the 54 children, 24 maintained normal renal function and 25 exhibited microscopic hematuria or proteinuria at the end of CsA treatment. In the HSPN group, 3 children whose initial biopsies indicated class IIIb disease showed class II disease on follow-up, and the follow-up biopsies of 2 children who had class II disease indicated the same class II disease. In the IgAN group, cortical tubular atrophy occurred in 1 child, and no child with IgAN had cortical interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy after 1-year CsA treatment. No significant complications were found in the children treated with CsA. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CsA treatment is effective and beneficial in reducing massive proteinuria and preventing progression to end-stage renal failure in children with glomerular diseases characterized by IgA deposits, such as IgAN and HSPN, within 1 year of treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical stability and function after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using fresh-frozen tibialis tendon allograft. Materials and Methods: Of the patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using tibialis tendon allograft from July 2002 to June 2003, thirty-one patients could be evaluated and the mean follow-up period was 19 months. Evaluations included were Lysholm knee score, 2000 International knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer measurement and 2000 IKDC knee examination. Results: The mean Lysholm score was 88. Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) were good or exellent for the measured parameters. Twenty-seven patients(87.1%) was over 70 in IKDC subjective knee score. Thirty patients (96.8%) had 1+ firm end or negative Lachman test. 27 patients (87.1%) had a negative pivot shift. Thirty patients (96.8%) had less than 5mm difference of maximal manual difference by KT-1000 arthrometer. Twenty -nine patients (93.5%) were nearly normal or normal grade by 2000 IKDC knee examination. Complications were 1 case of failure and 1 case of infection. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction with the double-stranded fresh-frozen tibialis tendon allograft resulted in a reliable and predictable outcome after short-term follow-up.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.72-80
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the shear bond strength and fracture pattern in different enamel tooth surface treatments for resin splinting materials. Materials and Methods: G-FIX and LightFix were used as tooth splinting materials. Twenty bovine mandibular incisors were used for the preparation of the specimens. The exposed enamel surface was separated into four parts. Each tooth was treated with 37% phosphoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid + adhesive resin, 37% phosphoric acid + G-premio bond, and G-premio bond for each fraction. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. After measuring the shear bond strength, the fractured surface of the specimen was magnified with a microscope to observe the fracture pattern. Two-way ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between the material and the surface treatment method. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between the surface treatment methods of each material and post-hoc test was conducted with Scheffe's test. An independent t-test was conducted to compare shear bond strengths between materials in each surface treatment method. All statistics were conducted at 95% significance level. Results: G-FIX, a tooth splinting resin, showed similar shear bonding strength when additional adhesive resins were used when material was applied after only acid etching, and LightFix showed the highest shear bonding strength when additional adhesive resins were used after the acid etching. In addition, both G-FIX and LightFix showed the lowest shear bond strength when only self-etching adhesive was applied without additional acid etching. Verification of interactions observed interconnection between resins and surface treatment methods. Most of the mixed failure was observed in all counties. Conclusion: When using G-FIX and LightFix, which are tooth-splinting materials, it is considered that sufficient adhesion will be achieved even after applying only acid etching as instructed by the manufacturer.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.473-507
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand Zhuxi's Taoxuezhengzhi(道學政治) by reorganizing both his political opinion in each different political situation and his consistent political consciousness appeared in his whole political career. He concluded that the politics was the real problematic in Southern Sung, which made its structure distorted. This distorted structure of politics had widely rooted in whole sphere of society. In order to cure this political problematic, Zhuxi had focused on huangdi(皇帝) and chaoting(朝廷). That is why people is the basis of State and the result of politics, while huangdi and chaoting is the basis of politics and the beginnig of politics. According to Zhuxi, forming their political power group of their own will by using huangdi's power, the political elites close to only to huangdi made the function of chaoting unstable, with the result that the political decay produced. In chaoting, it resulted in the weakness of huangdi's power, the collapse of official discipline(紀綱), and the absence of public opinion(公論) and public aggreement(公議). Beyond chaoting, it resulted in the absence of political trust and the degeneration of public morals(風俗). In the Southern Sung were not altered the political orientation and culture based on the political decay, but only political orientation and characteristics of political elite only altered. This proves Zhuxi's approach that all problems in Southern Sung could resolve by the political approach. Zhuxi had suggested political issues in office. The alternatives for those political issues had basis of the theme, the one that saving people(恤民) is the purpose of politics. However his political ideas and the execution of them had been occsionally collapsed by the complex political structue, the mechanisms of political power, and the sameness and privatization of political geography in Southern Sung. Qingyuandanghuo(慶元黨禍) was the final stage of his political frustration, with the result that it led to the failure of Zhuxi's taoxuezhengzhi and interrupted the tradition of taoxue(道學) for the time being.