• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2006

This study was conducted to define dietary patterns among 227 Korean American adults and 151 teenagers living in California using frequency of intake of major food groups and to examine associations of dietary patterns with selected demographic and acculturation variables. Three dietary patterns, 'healthful', 'Korean', and 'western', were identified using factor analysis. For both groups, 'healthful' pattern was characterized by high loading on milk/milk products, fruit, fruit juice, and bean/bean products. 'Korean' pattern had high loading on rice and kimchi. 'Western' pattern was characterized by high loading on meat/meat products, soda, and noodle/pasta. Among Korean American adults, women tended to have higher scores of 'healthful' pattern but lower scores of 'western' pattern, while there was no association of 'Korean' pattern with gender. The older adults were likely to have higher 'Korean' pattern score. Length of stay in the US and English levels were negatively associated with 'Korean' pattern. Korean American female adolescents had lower 'western' pattern scores than did male adolescents. Age was inversely associated with 'healthful' pattern in adolescents. The adolescents who had felt more proud of being a Korean descendant had higher scores on 'Korean' dietary pattern. The study findings support that dietary patterns are associated with acculturation variables such as length of residence in the US, English fluency, and particularly pride in ethnicity for adolescents. Further studies are needed to understand associations of dietary patterns and acculturation with health risk of ethnic groups.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2020

The behavior of a piled raft system in multi-layered soil subjected to vertical loading has been studied numerically using 3D finite element analysis. Initially, the 3D finite element model has been validated by analytically simulating the field experiments conducted on vertically loaded instrumented piled raft. Subsequently, a comprehensive parametric study has been conducted to assess the performance of a combined piled raft system in terms of optimum pile spacing and settlement of raft and piles, in multi-layered soil stratum subjected to vertical loading. It has been found that a combined pile raft system can significantly reduce the total settlement as well as the differential settlement of the raft in comparison to the raft alone. Two different arrangements below the piled raft with the same pile numbers show a significant amount of increase of load transfer of piled raft system, which is in line with the load transfer mechanism of a piled raft. A methodology for the factor of safety assessment of a combined pile raft foundation has been presented to improve the performance of piled raft based on its serviceability requirements. The findings of this study could be used as guidelines for achieving economical design for combined piled raft systems.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.597-608
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• 2022

One of the most important parameters affecting nonlinearsoil-structure interaction, especially rocking foundation, is the vertical factor of safety (F.S_v). In this research, the effect of F.S_v on the behavior of rocking foundations was experimentally investigated. A set of slow, cyclic, horizontal loading tests was conducted on elastic SDOF structures with different shallow foundations. Vertical bearing capacity tests also were conducted to determine the F.S_v more precisely. Furthermore, 10% silt was mixed with the dry sand at a 5% moisture content to reach the minimum apparent cohesion. The results of the vertical bearing capacity tests showed that the bearing capacity coefficients (N_c and N_γ) were influenced by the scaling effect. The results of horizontal cyclic loading tests showed that the trend of increase in capacity was substantially related to the source of nonlinearity and it varied by changing F.S_v. Stiffness degradation was found to occur in the final cycles of loading. The results indicated that the moment capacity and damping ratio of the system in models with lower F.S_v values depended on soil specifications such cohesiveness or non-cohesiveness and were not just a function of F.S_v.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2020

선형모형에서 두개 이상의 설명변수들 사이에 존재하는 다중공선성 문제를 변수들 간에 내재되어 있는 공통의 구조인 인자를 구성하고, 인자들을 회귀변수로 사용하여 해결하는 인자회귀모형에 대하여 논의한다. 무한개로 가정 가능한 내재된 인자 중 유의미한 인자적재행렬을 구성하기 위하여 벌점모수의 값이 큰 LASSO 사전분포를 적용하는 베이지안 추정법을 사용한다. 결정된 인자적재행렬과 다른 모수들의 추정값을 각 설명변수의 선형모수로 역변환 하여, 새로운 관측값에 대한 예측 모형으로도 사용한다. 제안한 방법을 제품 서비스 관리 자료에 적용하여 정해진 인자의 개수에 대한 인자가 일반적인 공통인자회귀모형과 동일한 결과를 나타냄을 확인하였고, 일반적인 공통인자회귀모형과 비교를 위해 계산한 평균 제곱 오차값이 더 작다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 1988

Amongst various analytic methods of internal structure of city, the factor analysis method which uses O-D matrix data has some merits and characteristics compared to other methods. 1) It is possible to find one certain interaction and flow pattern between traffic zones with in a city through reanalyzing O-D data which is too complex to grasp specific meaning or pattern of flow systems. 2) It can be easily visualized the traffic flow pattern by using adequate graphic techniques, and also can clarify the functional areas whose interaction linkages are significantly strong enough between each other. In this study, the taxi traffic O-D data between 42 traffic zones in Kwang-ju city was reanalyzied by varimax rotated factor analysis methods. As a result, four factors that have significant level factor loading (over 0.5 ) and factor score (over 1.0) were sorted out. so to speak four different functional areas were clarified in Kwang-ju city, of the West, the East, the south, and the North functional areas whose interaction linkages are significantly strong enough between each other. In the study, the taxi traffic O-D data between 42 traffic zones in Kwang-ju city was reanalyzied by varimax rotated factor analysis methods. As a result, four factors that have significant level factor loading (over 0.5) and factor score 9over 1.0) were sorted out. so to speak four different functional areas were clarified in Kwang-ju city, of the West, the East, the South, and the North functional area, then these four functional areas are almost coincided with citizen's general conception of community division and administrative district. Accordingly the factor analysis methods using traffic data seems to proved to be very accurate and useful analytic instruments for analyzing flow pattern and clarifying functional areas of city, and believed to provide basic informations and criteria for practical urban land use planning and transportation planning.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.430-437
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• 2020

본 연구는 전자코와 전자혀 시스템을 이용한 15가지 국내 식품에 대한 맛과 향에 대한 기본 접근 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저 전자혀 시스템을 이용한 샘플의 맛 성분에 대해 상대적인 센서 강도를 제시하였다. 신맛으로 대표되는 SRS 센서에서는 소고기배추국이 가장 높은 9.0을 나타내었고, 미역국에서 가장 낮은 3.7을 나타내었다. 짠맛으로 대표되는 STS 센서는 오징어국에서 가장 높은 8.2를 나타내었고, 소고기배추국이 가장 낮은 1.9를 나타내었다. 감칠맛으로 확인되는 UMS 센서의 경우 소고기배추국이 가장 높은 10.1을 보였고, 달걀국이 가장 낮은 3.3을 나타내었다. 단맛에 관여하는 SWS 센서에서는 비교적 큰차이를 보이지 않았는데, 시금치된장국이 가장 높은 7.3을 나타내었고, 달걀국이 가장 낮은 4.6을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 쓴맛에 기여하는 BRS 센서에서는 시래기 된장국이 가장 높은 7.8을 나타내었으며, 햄김치찌개에서 가장 낮은 4.4를 보였다. 주성분 분석을 통해 5가지 맛 성분과 15가지 샘플에 대한 패턴을 확인한 결과 PC1에서 56.21%의 variance를 확인하였고, PC2에서 25.23%의 variance를 확인할 수 있었다. 각 맛 성분의 경우 SRS 센서의 경우 PC1과 PC2의 factor loading의 경우 -0.95와 -0.20을 나타내었고, STS 센서의 경우 PC1과 PC2의 factor loading의 값이 0.96과 0.14, UMS 센서의 경우 PC1과 PC2의 factor loading의 값이 -0.94와 0.22, SWS 센서의 경우 PC1과 PC2의 factor loading의 값이 0.08과, 0.89, 그리고 BRS 센서의 경우 PC1과 PC2의 factor loading의 값이 0.32와 -0.60을 각각 나타내었다. 군집분석을 통해 확인된 샘플간의 유사도는 크게 4개의 cluster를 확인할 수 있었다. 15가지 샘플에서 확인된 향기성분은 총 25가지 성분이 확인되었고, 모든 샘플에서 상대적으로 가장 높은 함량을 보이는 향기성분은 ethanol과 2-methylthiophene으로 확인되었다. 주성분 분석을 통해 휘발성 향기 성분과 15가지 샘플에 대한 패턴을 확인한 결과 PC1에서 28.54%의 variance를 확인하였고, PC2에서 20.80%의 variance를 확인할 수 있었다. 군집분석의 경우 크게 3개의 cluster로 분류되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 맛과 향에 대한 연구를 통해서 국내 식품에 대한 표준 자료로써의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

In this paper the stress intensity factor under uniform pressure in the arbitrarily-shaped plane crack configuration transformed elliptic crack by Mobius mapping are determined. Using Dyson's formula Boussinesq-Papkovich potentials for mode I deformation are constructed. In the example the stress intensity factors are approximately calculated by least square method.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.664-667
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to consider the disk failure phenomenon based on the second kind Fredholm integral equation and numerical inversion of Laplace transform when the head hit disk asperities at HDI under antiplane impact loading. The model for analysis is a two layeered half-space with a circumferential surface edge crack. The optimum design parameters to reduce the disk failure due to impact are presented

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.681-702
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• 2015

Fracture analysis and remaining life prediction has been carried out for aluminium alloy (Al 2014A) plate panels with concentric stiffener by varying sizes and positions under fatigue loading. Tension coupon tests and compact tension tests on 2014A have been carried out to evaluate mechanical properties and crack growth constants. Domain integral technique has been used to compute the Stress intensity factor (SIF) for various cases. Generalized empirical expressions for SIF have been derived for various positions of stiffener and size. From the study, it can be concluded that the remaining life for stiffened panel for particular size and position can be estimated by knowing the remaining life of corresponding unstiffened panel.

• Composites Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

면외전단하중(anti-plane shear loading)을 받는 기능경사 압전 세라믹 무한 스트립(functionally graded piezoelectric ceramic strip)의 상하 양쪽 끝단의 중앙에 평행하게 존재하는 유한한 크기의 균열(Griffith crack)에 대한 특이응력(singular stress)과 전기장(electric field)을 선형 압전 이론(theory of linear piezoelectricity)을 이용하여 결정한다. 푸리에 변환(Fourier transform)을 이용하여 복합적분 방정식을 구성하며, 이를 제2종 Fredholm 적분 방정식(Fredholm integral equation of the second kind) 으로 표현한다. 또한 응력세기계수(stress intensity factor)와 에너지 해방률(energy release rate)에 대한 수치 결과를 제시하였다.