• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

Clonorchiasis, known as the parasitic fluke in the intrahepatic bile ducts, occurs throughout Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam with high frequency. Most of the infections follow the consumptions of raw or undercooked freshwater fish, which explains its rare occurrence to childhood even in those areas mentioned earlier above. The authors have experienced it with an 8 year old boy. Abdominal ultrasonogram revealed multiple low echogenic nodules in the right lobe of liver and lymph nodes proliferation around the porta hepatis area. And abdominal C.T. scan also found multiple low attenuated nodules with delayed enhancement in liver parenchyma with hepatomegaly and multiple conglomerated lymph nodes in porta hepatis. Both abdominal ultrasonogram and C.T. scan didn't show any dilatation of peripheral intrahepatic bile ducts. In repeated stool examination, Clonorchis sinensis eggs were found in feces and the result of the skin test for Clonorchis sinensis was positive. The patient had a history of having eaten raw pond smelt back in Cheongju a month before the symptom onset. On the basis of the patient's history and the fact that Clonorchis eggs were found in feces 3 weeks after eosinophilia and symptoms were noted, the authors estimated that the findings of the patient's abdominal sonogram and C.T. scan were the radiologic findings of the acute phase of clonorchiasis, of which no report had ever been made before. So the authors report a case of clonorchiasis with atypical radiologic findings in an 8 year old boy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 1987

The survey was carried out in the Goryeong area in Gyeongbug province to point out the hinderances of grave increment on the development of hilly to mountainous area and to give basic data to improve the entombment custom. The total extent of gravesite in the area was mapped 148ha which were 0.4% of total area and 1.8% of arableland respectively. Scattering of graves might be hindered utilization of the mountainous area. Out of the total gravesite, about 60% was situated on the areas of 30-60% slopes, and the occupation extent in average was about $89m^2$ per grave which was wider than that of the national average $52m^2$. The soils occupied by gravas ware characterizod by having recommendable properties about 73% for grassland, about 17% for woodland and 8% for orchards.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.127-139
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of people in general about halitosis. The subjects in this study were 184 people who visited the clinical practice lab at J health college to get their teeth scaled. After a survey was conducted from May 1 to June 3, 2008, the analyzable answer sheets from 178 respondents were analyzed after four different areas were selected, which included smoking/nonsmoking, scaling experience, toothbrushing frequency and the use of oral hygiene supplies. SPSSWIN 12.0 program was utilized to make a frequency analysis and crosstabs analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Concerning subjective feelings of halitosis, 55.3 percent(99 people) of the respondents found themselves to have a moderate level of bad breath. 28.5 percent(51) deemed themselves to have a little foul breath, and 14 percent(25) didn't feel they had any bad breath. 2. As to the subjective level of halitosis, 89.8 percent(168) thought that their bad breath was a little perceived only by themselves, regardless of smoking, scaling experience, toothbrushing frequency and the use of oral hygiene supplies. 3. In regard to the cause of halitosis, 31 percent(56) cited plaque in the mouth as the cause, and 28.5 percent(51) pointed out the other causes that weren't mentioned in the questionnaire. 18.4 percent(33) cited decayed tooth, and 11.2 percent(20) pointed out gastroenteric disorder. 10.6 percent(19) viewed diabetes as the cause. 4. As to the time when they had the subjective symptom of halitosis, 114 respondents(63.7%) felt their own bad breath the most immediately after they got up 21.8 percent(39 respondents) did it when they were hungry 5.5 percent(9) did that before breakfast, and 4.5 percent(8) did that after having breakfast. 5. Regarding view of how to prevent halitosis, 52.5 percent(94) brushed their teeth frequently 21.2 percent(38) got their teeth scaled on a regular basis at a dentist's office, and 17.9 percent(32) drank water often. The above-mentioned finding seemed to suggest that the respondents weren't well aware of the fact halitosis was a sort of oral and systemic disease. Therefore the development of halitosis prevention and care programs geared toward practice lab visions were required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.29
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• pp.281-304
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the degree to which the card catalog in a university library serves its users and to provide useful information for the design of conversion from card catalog to online catalog. From August 19th to September 16th 1995, 278 users of Duksung Women's University Library were randomley selected and surveyed in terms of card catalog use, success rate of card searching, and catalog use training received. Major findings are as follows: 1. Taking into considerations the fact that Library users tended to use more heavily oriental card catalog$(61.8\%)$ than western card catalog$(8.3\%)$ or classification card catalog$(26.3\%)$, oriental card catalog should be designed to improve its search function of the catalog. 2. It was found that the university library card catalog was not easy to use by $49.3\%$ of the users of Duksung University Library. 3. One of main reasons why the card catalog is hard to use is that there is no subject card to which users can access for subject searching. Besides, users have difficulties in locating appropriate classification numbers for subjects which users are interested in. 4. When success rate is defined as finding appropriate cards in catalog boxes, the success rate was reported to be $87.0\%$. 5. The major access points of known items which library users utilized mostly were author$(18.3\%)$ and title$(74.5\%)$. 6. In case of translated versions of foreign materials, original author name cards instead of pronounced original name card written in Korean were given to them as access points. $79.9\%$ of library users of Duksung Women's University insisted that both original and pronounced author name writ':en in Korean should be given as access points to foreign authors for the sake of user's convenience. 7. Formal training programs for card catalog use were found not to be sufficient. Small group informal training courses should be offered to users who need to get information for catalog use by library staffs. 8. Considering the trend that orders of access points have been changed from title, author and subject in card catalog to title, keyword, and author in online catalog, the existing card catalog of Duksung Women's University is expected not to meet future users' needs for subject searching unless the funcions of subject searching of catalog is improved.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

Foliar and physiological characteristics of Schisandraceae plants distributed in Korea were investigated to elucidate differences in growth and the variations of inter and intra species of the plants. For this study, three species of Schisandraceae plants were used; i) Schisandra chinensis, decidious broad-leaved tree, ii) S. nigra, decidious broad-leaved tree, including monoecious, male and female types, ii) Kadsura japonica, evergreen broad-leaved tree. There were no significant differences in leaf length and width among three species, but leaves of Schisandra sp. plants were shorter and wider relative to those of K. japonica. The length of petiole of Schisandra sp. plants was greater than that of K. japonica and the difference was evident between female type of S. chinensis and K. japonica as longer as two times. Schisandra sp. trees showed larger size of stomata, but fewer numbers of stomata, compared with K. japonica. Although substantial changes in leaf morphology were not found in the Schisandraceae plants grown in different environmental conditions, the foliar length of K. japonica was seemed to be increased with increasing an altitude. Chlorophyll contents were also variable in inter and intra species and in, general K. japonica showed higher levels of chlorophyll contents relative to Schisandra sp. plants. K. japonica also showed higher light compensation point(LCP), light saturation point(LSP) and $CO_2$ assimilation rates at LSP, compared with Schisandra sp. trees. However, Schisandra sp. trees showed lower respiration per photosynthesis rates at LSP. The finding suggested that Schisandra sp. trees were acclimated to the growth conditions of lower light intensity with more effective photosynthetic activity. This was also confirmed by the fact that Schisandra sp. plants grown in shading places of a forest demonstrated the elevated rates of net $CO_2$ assimilation under the conditions of low light intensity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.311-336
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• 2012

Under the Korean mental health circumstances where familistic culture is predominant and social resources are limited, siblings are an important presence that effect chronically mentally ill people's lives. Despite this fact, our society in some aspect overlooks their importance. Therefore, this study is focused on the role of siblings as caregivers of chronically mentally ill adults and is conducted to understand the relevant process and types of how siblings fulfill the role of caregivers. In order to achieve this goal, data was collected from nine study participants through individual interviews and focus group interviews and its contents were analyzed according to Grounded Theory. The results revealed that the siblings' experiences as caregivers of chronically mentally ill people were mainly categorized as 'carrying painful memory, responsibility, and concern about the obscure future of the mentally ill sibling and finding a caring role different from those of parents.' Moreover three types of sibling caregivers were recognized: 'reality-adapting, obligation fulfilling' type, 'sacrificial self-responsibility fulfilling' type, and 'growing guardianship creator' type. This research aimed to vividly deliver the voices of research participants and proposed social support and permanent planning services based on the experiences and desires unique to siblings.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2013

This study was investigated in order to provide basic data for prevention of periodontal disease and maintenance through proper lifestyle by finding the relevance of periodontal health with lifestyle habits. Data were collected from total of 326 subjects in their forties and fifties by using questionnaire and examination of periodontal health status. Results were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. The smoking status were statistically significant to gingival index (p<0.01), pocket depth (p<0.001), and clinical attachment loss (p<0.001). Smoking amount per day were statistically significant to gingival index (p<0.05), pocket depth (p<0.01), and clinical attachment loss (p<0.001). Duration of smoking were statistically significant to gingival index (p<0.05), pocket depth (p<0.01), and clinical attachment loss (p<0.001). Drinking cycle were statistically significant to gingival index (p<0.05), and clinical attachment loss (p<0.05). It is investigated that smoking (p<0.05) influence on clinical attachment loss. Dental care institute needs to make patients be aware of the fact that excessive smoking and drinking affect the periodontal health status for prevention of periodontal disease and maintenance of oral health. Therefore systematic educational programs to stop smoking and drinking should be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.232-238
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• 2001

Experimentally it is well known that the magnetic properties significantly deteriorate when nanocomposite bonded magnet are made from nanocomposite ribbon. A decrease in maximum energy product of F $e_3$B+N $d_2$F $e_{14}$B nanocomposite from 14 MGOe in nanocomposite ribbon to 6.5 MGOe in powder compact was fecund to be general. Thus, the present study is focused on finding out the root of exchange decoupling of N $d_4$F $e_{73.5}$ $Co_3$H $f_{0.5}$G $a_{0.5}$ $B_{18.5}$ nanocomposite powder compacts. The exchange decoupling behavior of the powder compact of F $e_3$B+N $d_2$F $e_{14}$B composition was studied by measuring DC demagnetization and isothermal remanent demagnetization curves, which are essential for plotting produced $\delta$M curve. From the $\delta$M plot the deterioration in the magnetic properties resulted from the fact that the magnetostatic interaction became dominant rather thanthe exchange interaction in powder compact. It is concluded that the demagnetization behavior governed by the dominant magnetostatic interaction reduced the remanence magnetization, which caused the reduction of maximum energy Product of the powder compact. We also found that the elimination of residual stress which is unavoidably accumulated during grinding process enhanced the magnetic properties considerably.bly.bly.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

The trend of information service and its utilization has been gradually evolving due to the technological breakthrough in IT industries and the spread of smart phones. Especially regarding smart phones, a vast array of applications are being developed and employed for the purpose of providing real time information. Recently, numerous studies have been made and applied in regards to the efficient management and the supply of cadastral control point information. This research has developed and applied the NFC Cadastral Control Point, an advanced version of QR code Cadastral Control Point, which is installed and utilized in Dong-gu Ulsan, Korea, and an application that can utilize both the QR code and the NFC. In addition, this research continues on to analyzing the utility of the two methods that the survey use of a General Cadastral Control Point and the NFC Cadastral Control Point. Having implemented both methods, NFC Cadastral Control Point outweighed its counterpart in terms of the damage it gets from the outside influence and availability. Moreover, through developing Cadastral Control Point that could apply both the QR code Cadastral Control Point and NFC Cadastral Control Point, the research saw tremendous improvements compared to the survey method using the previously existing reference point performance. The results conveyed the fact that cadastral information application was time saving, convenient, and efficient in terms of finding information. Henceforth, with government's administration over Cadastral Control Point and with the development of more application for providing information, a nation-wide monitoring of Cadastral Control Point is considered possible and an efficient usage of information service is expected as well.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-115
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the cooperative squid fisheries problems surrounding the $E128^{\circ}$, established by the 1965 Korea - Japan Fisheries Agreement which banned Korean large trawlers' fishing east to the $E128^{\circ}$ In fact, the moratorium was put on by Japans request. However, such issue did not occur until the filefish stock in the southern Korean sea, which was a major target fish species of the large trawl fisheries, The filefish stock collapsed completely around 1991 and at the same time most of bottom fish stocks in the East China Sea began to show a symptom of over - exploitation. Thus, the off - shore large trawlers learned to have a little opportunity of finding out alternative fish stocks as well as fishing grounds. Fortunately, at that time squid resource stock and consumption were on the increasing trend. The large trawl fisheries were able to economically exploit squid stock east to the $E128^{\circ}$ through cooperative fishing with squid angling light boats in the East and East - South Sea, even though such cooperative fishing activities violate the existing fishery laws apparently. Some important reasons that the large trawlers have continued the cooperative fishing seem to be because (ⅰ) squid resource stock has been on the increasing state over time, (ⅱ) the trawl fisheries have made a significant contribution to meeting domestic and export demands and stabilizing squid prices, and (ⅲ) they have kept domestic squid market from foreign competition. However, the new Korea - Japan fisheries agreement in 1998 provided a momentum of questioning the effectiveness of the $E128^{\circ}$ by the squid - related fisheries other than the squid angling. Serious conflicts between squid - related fisheries began to emerge and to be much intensified. Squid angling industries in the East opposed to large trawlers's efforts to formalize such illegal cooperative squid fishing activities. Their main argument was that such formalizing would definitely make the East coast squid prices lower and in turn their business performance would be worse off. The results of quantitative analysis suggest that the trawlers' massive landing may have a significant influence on lowering the east coast squid prices. Now, an important issue that the squid - related fisheries and the government are facing is to solve such complex squid fishing problems through a multi - participatory negotiation process, including price stabilization, total allowable catch level and its operation schemes, $E128^{\circ}$ rearrangement, and so on.