• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the characteristics of patients with facial palsy based on the National Health Insurance(NHI) statistical yearbook and provide the information pertaining to supplement Coverage of NHI. Methods: Based on the data of NHI between 2004 to 2021 for facial palsy(G51) obtained from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the analyses were carried out according to the distribution of gender and the number of patients, visits, reimbursed days, and medical expenses by using the SAS 9.4. Results: The crude rate of facial palsy was reported as 361.71(2021) comparable with 419.60(2004) and 534.11(2009). The rate of men increased from 293.96(2004) to 302.27(2021) but the rate of women decreased from 450.88(2014) to 420.80(2021). The number of patients maintained around 190,000, however, it declined for patients treated Korean medicine(KM) after 2010. As the medical expenses were elevated, especially Western medicine(WM), that of WM exceeded KM's since 2018. The expenses of women were higher than men's in KM. By contrast, there was no difference with gender in WM. For reimbursed days per visits, it has been increased in WM but there was no difference in KM. Conclusion: Although the rate of patients with facial palsy in KM was high with no difference in the whole number of patients and reimbursed days per visits in KM annually, the number of patients in KM decreased but medical expenses elevated. According to this, it is necessary for reinforcing Coverage of NHI to research other factors related to KM.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

본 논문은 얼굴의 표정 변화를 통해 감정을 분석하는 방법으로 조현병의 초기 증상을 스스로 인지할 수 있는 감정 트레이닝 프레임워크를 제안한다. 먼저, Microsoft의 Emotion API를 이용하여 캡처된 얼굴 표정의 사진으로부터 감정값을 얻고, 피크 분석 기반 표준편차로 시간에 따라 변화하는 얼굴 표정의 미묘한 차이를 인식해 감정 상태를 각각 분류한다. 그리하여 Ekman이 제안한 여섯 가지 기본 감정 상태에 반하는 감정들의 정서 및 표현능력이 결핍된 부분에 대해 분석하고, 그 값을 이미지 색상 변환 프레임워크에 통합시켜 사용자 스스로 감정의 변화를 쉽게 인지하고 트레이닝 할 수 있도록 하는 것이 최종목적이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess the characteristics of electropyography(EMG) and heart rate variability(HRV) values in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of different Sasang constitutions. Methods : Medical records of 103 idiopathic facial palsy inpatients who underwent facial EMG testing and HRV testing were retrospectively reviewed. All subjects had been consulted to the department of Sasang constitution for constitution differentiation. The Sasang constitutional and age distribution were initially analyzed, and axonal loss percentage values on EMG were correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. HRV results were also correlated with Sasang constitution and sex. Results : 1. 24.4 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were of the Soyang constitution, 52.4 percent were of the Taeum, and 23.3 percent were of the Soeum. Patients in their fifties were most common in all constitutions(27.8%). 2. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in the Taeum constitution compared with Soyang or Soeum(p<0.05). 3. Mean axonal loss values for the temporal, zygomatic, and buccal branches were all statistically significantly lower in men than women(p<0.05). 4. The mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in idiopathic facial palsy inpatients of the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, SDNN, TP, VLF, LF, and HF of different constitutions. 5. The mean SDNN was significantly lower in women inpatients compared with men(p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in mean MHRT, TP, VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. Conclusions : The Sasang constitutional composition of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients closely adheres to the composition proposed in Dong-eui-su-se-bo-won, but the Taeum and Soeum proportion is slightly larger and the Soyang proportion slightly smaller. Axonal loss value on EMG was significantly lower in the Taeum constitution, and in men(p<0.05, <0.05). Mean LF/HF ratio was significantly lower in the Soeum constitution compared with Soyang and Taeum(p<0.05), and mean SDNN was significantly lower in women(p<0.05).

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 가상대학에서 교수자와 학습자간 상호작용을 위한 지식기반형 문자-얼굴동영상 변환(TTFSI : Text to Facial Sequence Image) 시스템에 관해 연구하였다. TTFSI 시스템의 구현을 위해, 한글의 문법적 특징을 기반으로 가상강의에 사용된 자막정보에 립싱크된 얼굴 동영상 합성하기 위하여 자막정보를 음소코드로 변환하는 방법, 음소코드별 입모양의 변형규칙 작성법, 입모양 변형규칙에 의한 얼굴 동영상 합성법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 한글의 구조분석을 통해 기본 자모의 발음을 나타내는 10개의 대표 입모양과 조음결합에서 나타나는 78개의 혼합 입모양으로 모든 음절의 입모양을 표현하였다. 특히 PC환경에서의 실시간 영상을 합성하기 위해서 매 프레임마다 입모양을 합성하지 않고, DB에서 88개의 해당 입모양을 불러오는 방법을 사용하였다. 제안된 방법의 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 텍스트 정보에 따른 다양한 얼굴 동영상을 합성하였으며, PC환경에서 구현 가능한 TTFSI 시스템을 구축하였다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2021

Gabriel-de Vries syndrome, caused by the mutation of YY1, is a newly defined genetic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and intrauterine growth retardation. A 7-month-old girl presented developmental delay and subtle facial dysmorphism including facial asymmetry, micrognathia, and low-set ears. Whole exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense variant in the YY1 (c.1220A>G; p.His407Arg) gene. Here, we examined the clinical and genetic characteristics of an infant with a novel likely pathogenic variant of YY1. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of Gabriel-de Vries syndrome.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2023

Facial expression recognition, a topical problem in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition, is a direct means of recognizing human emotions and behaviors. This paper first summarizes the datasets commonly used for expression recognition and their associated characteristics and presents traditional machine learning algorithms and their benefits and drawbacks from three key techniques of face expression; image pre-processing, feature extraction, and expression classification. Deep learning-oriented expression recognition methods and various algorithmic framework performances are also analyzed and compared. Finally, the current barriers to facial expression recognition and potential developments are highlighted.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2011

Objectives Schizophrenic patients have been shown to be impaired in both emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions. Alexithymia refers to the deficits in emotional self-awareness. The relationship between alexithymia and recognition of others' facial emotions needs to be explored to better understand the characteristics of emotional deficits in schizophrenic patients. Methods Thirty control subjects and 31 schizophrenic patients completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20-Korean version (TAS-20K) and facial emotion recognition task. The stimuli in facial emotion recognition task consist of 6 emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). Recognition accuracy was calculated within each emotion category. Correlations between TAS-20K and recognition accuracy were analyzed. Results The schizophrenic patients showed higher TAS-20K scores and lower recognition accuracy compared with the control subjects. The schizophrenic patients did not demonstrate any significant correlations between TAS-20K and recognition accuracy, unlike the control subjects. Conclusions The data suggest that, although schizophrenia may impair both emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions, the degrees of deficit can be different between emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions. This indicates that the emotional deficits in schizophrenia may assume more complex features.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

얼굴 표정은 영화나 애니메이션에서 캐릭터의 특징을 나타내기 위한 중요한 수단이며, 페이셜 캡쳐 기술은 3D 캐릭터의 페이셜 애니메이션 제작을 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 지원할 수 있다. 블렌드쉐입(blendshape) 기법은 고품질의 3D 얼굴 애니메이션을 생성하기 위해 가장 널리 사용되는 방법이지만, 전통적인 블렌드쉐입은 제작에 시간이 오래 걸리는 경우가 많다. 따라서 블렌드쉐입의 제작 기간을 줄이기 위해 전통적인 제작의 효과에 크게 뒤지지 않는 결과를 얻으려는 것이 이번 연구의 목적이다. 본문은 블렌드쉐입의 제작을 위해 크로스 모델(Cross-Model)로 블렌드쉐입을 전달 방법을 사용하고, 전통적인 블렌드쉐입의 제작 방법과 비교하여 새로운 방식의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이번 연구는 언리얼 엔진이 개발한 키트 보이(kite boy)를 실험 대상으로 삼고, 각각 두 가지 블렌드쉐입 제작 기법을 사용하여 페이셜 캡처 테스트를 실시하고, 블렌드쉐입과 연동된 얼굴 표정 제작 방법의 효과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1988

Skin replacement in large cheek defects after excision of benign or malignant tumor on the face is a challenging task. The physical characteristics of cheek skin are matched best by adjacent skin. Various methods of reconstructing of the facial surface such as forehead flap, distant flap, or a full thickness or split thickness skin graft have replaced adjacent tissue for coverage in many cases. We have reviewed ten cases of aesthetic reconstruction of the face after resection of the facial skin tumor within the last 5 years. The first group of 3 patients were reconstructed with split thickness skin graft from the scalp or lower abdomen. The second group of patients were reconstructed with cheek flap. The third group of 3 patients were reconstructed with cervicofacial flap. The last 2 patients were reconstructed with nasolabial flap & island falp respectively. The advantages from our experience with various method of coverage are its hidden donor area & good color match with the facial skin & increased success rate.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1985

By observing the correlationships between the characteristics of the facial pattern and the methods of establishing the position of the lower central incisor to the five reference lines on the lateral roentgenocephalograms, the author tried to find the most useful method of them, the criteria of which were the independence of a variation according to facial patterns, the close relationships with soft tissue and lip balance, and the simple and consistent usefulness in clinical practice. The subject consisted of forty normal occlusions, forty class II div I malocclusions, forty class III malocclusions, ten treated claas II div 1 cases and ten treated class III cases, all were in 14-17 yrs of age. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The position of the lower central incisor to EP, OP, MP and NB showed variations according to ANB, FMA, facial convexity and Holdaway angle. 2. The position of the lower central incise. to AP line (A-Pog) was not co..elated with ANB, FMA, facial convexity and Holdaway angle, so it can be used consistently, regardlesss of the facial pattern. 9. The lineal position of the incisal edge of the lower central incisor to AP line has a profound influence on harmonious soft tissue and lip balance.