• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.104-116
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• 1999

This study was intended to make an inquiry into the effect of lines, shapes and colors (achromatic colors) as apparel design elements on the perceptions of facial size, brightness and shape through an empirical research based on the theories of visual perception and optical illusion that have been studied in Gestalt Psychology, which becomes the basis of apparel design principles. It was shown that the facial size was influenced by the collar size, the degree of neckline cut, and the thickness of the trimming line. The white scarf with the white jacket made the face look darkest while the black scarf with the black jacket made the face look brightest. When the neckline had the characteristic of the line contrasted with the facial shape, the oval-shaped face was perceived to be the most ideal. When the facial shape and the neckline shape were similar, the facial shape was perceived to be more highlighted.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.110-113
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• 2005

An enhancement of tracking capacity for the centering position of eye and iris on the facial image is presented. A facial image is acquisitioned with a CCD camera to be converted into a binary image. The eye region to be a specified brightness and shapes is used the FRM method using the neighboring five mask areas, and the iris on the eye is tracked with FPDP method. The experimental result shows that the proposed methods lead the centering position tracking capability to be enhanced than the pixel average coordinate values method.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2009

This paper develops a novel technique of face detection using brightness distribution in the surrounding area of eye. The proposed face detection consists of facial component candidate extraction, facial component candidate filtering through eye-lip combination, left/right eye classification using brightness distribution, face verification confirming edges in nose region. Because the proposed technique don't use any skin color, it can detect multiple faces in color images with complicated backgrounds and different illumination levels. The experimental results reveal that the proposed technique is better than the traditional techniques in terms of detection ratio.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1252-1255
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• 2002

In this paper, face recognition algorithm, by using skin color information of HSI color coordinate collected from face images, elliptical mask, fratures of face including eyes, nose and mouth, and geometrical feature vectors of face and facial angles, is proposed. The proposed algorithm improved face region extraction efficacy by using HSI information relatively similar to human's visual system along with color tone information about skin colors of face, elliptical mask and intensity information. Moreover, it improved face recognition efficacy with using feature information of eyes, nose and mouth, and Θ1(ACRED), Θ2(AMRED) and Θ 3(ANRED), which are geometrical face angles of face. In the proposed algorithm, it enables exact face reading by using color tone information, elliptical mask, brightness information and structural characteristic angle together, not like using only brightness information in existing algorithm. Moreover, it uses structural related value of characteristics and certain vectors together for the recognition method.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2000

In this paper, we describe an algorithm which can extract human faces with natural pose from complex backgrounds. This method basically adopts the concept that facial region has the nearly same gray level for all pixels within appropriately scaled blocks. Based on the idea, we develop a hierarchial process that first, a block image data with pyramid structure of input image is generated, and some candidate regions for facial regions in the block image are Quickly determined, then finally the detailed facial features; organs are decided. To find the features easily, we introduce a local gray level transform which emphasizes dark and small regions, and estimate the geometrical triangle constraints among the facial features. The merit of our method is that we can be freed from the parameter assignment problem since the algorithm utilize a simple brightness computation, consequently robust systems not being depended on specific parameter values can be easily constructed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.282-287
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• 2015

Background Morphological changes that accompany aging, such as wrinkles and skin laxity, are particularly prominent on facial skin. Recently, facial rejuvenation using the hydrofilling effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has been employed for improvement of skin texture. In this study, we studied rejuvenating effects of stabilized HA (Restylane Vital) through direct intradermal injections. Methods A total of 30 female patients underwent a series of procedures on face, including three sessions at intervals of four weeks. A total of 2 mL of Restylane Vital was injected along the whole face using an automatic injector. Improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, brightness, moisture, and fine wrinkles was evaluated. Patient satisfaction was evaluated, and pictures of patients were taken at each visit and 6 months after last treatment session. Scoring for each patient was performed by three doctors according in five subjects. Moisture, oil and elasticity were measured before the procedure and before the last treatment in 10 patients. Results The majority of patients (77%) were satisfied with the therapeutic outcomes. Approximately 66% of patients responded that the effects of this procedure persisted for longer than four months, and the majority of patients (77%) wanted to undergo this procedure again and would recommend this procedure to acquaintances. Regarding doctors' evaluation, scores for improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, and brightness were significantly higher than those for improvement of moisture and fine wrinkle. Conclusions Intradermal injection of HA can have a rejuvenating effect on dry and tired facial skin, especially in improvement of skin surface roughness.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2016

Nowadays many people have an interest in facial expression and the behavior of people. These are human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers utilize digital image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning for their studies. Facial feature point detector algorithms are very important for face recognition, gaze tracking, expression, and emotion recognition. In this paper, a cascade facial feature point detector is used for finding facial feature points such as the eyes, nose and mouth. However, the detector has difficulty extracting the feature points from several images, because images have different conditions such as size, color, brightness, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an algorithm using a modified cascade facial feature point detector using a convolutional neural network. The structure of the convolution neural network is based on LeNet-5 of Yann LeCun. For input data of the convolutional neural network, outputs from a cascade facial feature point detector that have color and gray images were used. The images were resized to $32{\times}32$. In addition, the gray images were made into the YUV format. The gray and color images are the basis for the convolution neural network. Then, we classified about 1,200 testing images that show subjects. This research found that the proposed method is more accurate than a cascade facial feature point detector, because the algorithm provides modified results from the cascade facial feature point detector.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.68-80
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to report a significant improvement in a Taeeumin patient with systemic contact dermatitis after eating urushiol chicken by herbal medicine treatment. Methods The patient had complaints of erythema, swelling, pruritus, scaly skin, and facial flushing. We treated the patient with an herbal medicine 'Galgeunhaegi-tang' for three months. We evaluated the treatment outcome of systemic contact dermatitis using the Three Item Severity(TIS) score every visit and facial flushing by Image color summarizer at the first and last visit. Results After the treatment, the severity of the patient's skin complaints lessened from moderate to mild. The Image color summarizer showed a minor decrease in the normalized red color level and a significant increase in the brightness level and facial color percentage. Conclusions The patient diagnosed with systemic contact dermatitis, treated with Galgeunhaegi-tang for three months, showed a significant improvement in skin complaints with brighter and even facial color.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Hani-maehwa laser(fractional mode) treatment on acne scar. Methods : The patient with atrophic facial acne scars was treated with 5 sessions of laser therapy at 4-week intervals. The therapeutic response to treatment was assessed at 3 months after last laser session. The treatment effect was evaluated by standardized photography, anti aging, skin brightness and flatness. That was measured by micro fluorescence measurement camera(ECO SKIN, Cuvitz Inc.) in 16(left zygoma) and 26(right zygoma) spot. And side effects were also checked. Results : Atrophic facial acne scars have improved markedly. Anti aging, skin brightness and flatness were improved. Especially anti aging and flatness were noticeably improved. Adverse effects were not reported.Conclusions : Korean medicine cautery method applies to high level laser(CO₂ Hani-maehwa laser). These are different designs but same principle. It can be considered that laser therapy is effective method for treating acne scars.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

In this paper, we apply DCM(Dilation of Color and Motion information) mask and Active Contour Models(Snakes) to extract facial outline in moving pictures with complex background. First, we propose DCM mask which is made by applying morphology dilation and AND operation to combine facial color and motion information, and use this mask to detect facial region without complex background and to remove noise in image energy. Also, initial curves are automatically set according to rotational degree estimated with geometric ratio of facial elements to overcome the demerit of Active Contour Models which is sensitive to initial curves. And edge intensity and brightness are both used as image energy of snakes to extract contour at parts with weak edges. For experiments, we acquired total 480 frames with various head-poses of sixteen persons with both eyes shown by taking pictures in inner space and also by capturing broadcasting images. As a result, it showed that more elaborate facial contour is extracted at average processing time of 0.28 seconds when using interpolated initial curves according to facial rotation degree and using combined image energy of edge intensity and brightness.