• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.338-348
• /
• 1995

We need to continuously evaluate for nursing quality and the outcome to reflect nursing, to repair and improve of nursing. The first problem for nursing quality improvement is development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care. We need a system for quality assurance evaluation that is, development and framework of evaluation tool for nursing care quality. The purpose of this study was attempted to develop an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in musculoskeletal disorder patients. The approach method of nursing quality for the development of the tool in this study was process evaluation framework. The study were devided dvelopment process and reliability, validity verification process. The subjects of development process of this tool are three nursing export groups, and the subject of reliability, validity verification process are 20 samples of two university hospital in seoul, who were within discharge 3 months after admission treatment in musculo-skeletal disorder. Data for this study was collected from March 10 to April 13, 1995. The development process of the tool were as follows : 1. Make preliminary list of the tool by focal group were constituted 12 clinical nurses. 2. Modify and add preliminary list by 4 nursing expert panel. 3. Calculate content validity of the tool by 25 nursing expert panel of judge. 4. Verify reliability and validity of the tool. 5. Finalize an evaluation tool for the quality of the nursing care in musculo-skeletal disorder. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Development an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in musculo-skeletal disorder. (1) The evalution tool of this study was developed 5 standards, 33 criterias and 133 indicators. (2) 5 standards were divided according to Nursing Process. from standard 1 to standard 5, involved criterias were each 6(18%), 3(9%), 3(9%), 15(46%), 6(18%). 2) Verify reliability and validity of the tool. (1) Score of adequate degree for content validity of 33 criterias and 133 indicators were every average 2.82. (2) Inter-rater reliabilities(consentaneity score) of the tool by pearson correlation coefficient between three raters were : r=.7506, r=.8934, r=.6695. and Inter-rater reliabilities by single-facet crossed design were : r=.7464. (3) The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .8524 over all 30 items of 33 criterias of developed tool. (4) Score of the quality of nursing care following to generaal characteristics of this study subjects were stastically significant differences according to educational level (F=2.93, p=.029)and diagnosing classification (F=2.50, p=.042). Through this study, I'm sure that the developed tool for the quality of patient care in musculo-skeletal disorder will show the way of more improvement of the quality of nursing care and effective nursing interventions.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 1996

Provision of better nursing care to patients is a difficult but important task. The first problem for nursing quality improvement is development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care. This study tries to develop a patient care tool for patients with chronic renal failure. This study as a procedural evaluation of patient care, tries to show what, how, at what order to provide care to patients with chronic renal failure. This study is divided into process of development of tool, its reliability and validity. Among process of development of tool is focal group, small expert group and expert evaluation group. To develop approprieteness of tool, nurses working is four major hospitals is Seoul were selected. To evaluate the credibility of subjects, 19 patient who were hospitalized and discharged within 3 months were selected. The period for collecting data for reliability and valiability evaluation was between Sept. 20 to Oct. 18, 1995. The development process of this study is as follows ; 1. Make preliminary list of the tool by focal group consisting of 8 clinical nurses. 2. Modify and add preliminary list by 4 expert nursing panel. 3. Calculate content validity of the tool by 23 nursing expert panel of judge. 4. Verity relability and validity of the tool. 5. Finalize an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in chronic renal failure patient. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. Development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in chronic renal failure. 1) The evaluation of this study was developed 5 standards, 28 criteria. and 130 indicators 2) Nursing care evaluation scores for chronic renal failure patients were average 68.8. 2. Verity reliability and validity of the tool. 1) 5 standards were divided into 4 point scale and according to 28 creteria, indicators of standard were 3.72 and of criteria were 3.77 2) Inter - rater reliability (consentaneity score) of the tool by pearson correlation coefficient betwwen rates were r= .72, r= .75 and interreliabilities by single - facet crossed design were r= .96. 3) The alpha coeffecient relating to internal consistency was .7259 over 27 items of 28 criterias of developed tool. Through this study, I'm sure that the developed tool for the quality of patient care in chronic-renal failure patient will show the way of more improvement of the quality of nursing care and effective nursing intervention.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.173-173
• /
• 2010

Recently, a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) has been intensively used as one of the effective ways to reduce the dislocation density for the III-nitride epitaxial layers aiming for the application of high-performance, especially high-brightness, light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, we analyze the growth kinetics of the atoms and crystalline quality for the undopped-GaN depending on the facets of the pattern fabricated on a sapphire substrate. The effects of the PSS on the device characteristics of InGaN/GaN LEDs were also investigated. Several GaN samples were grown on the PSS under the different growth conditions. And the undoped-GaN layer was grown on a planar sapphire substrate as a reference. For the (002) plane of the undoped-GaN layer, as an example, the line-width broadening of the x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum on a planar sapphire substrate is 216.0 arcsec which is significantly narrower than that of 277.2 arcsec for the PSS. However, the line-width broadening for the (102) plane on the planar sapphire substrate (363.6 arcsec) is larger than that for the PSS (309.6 arcsec). Even though the growth parameters such as growth temperature, growth time, and pressure were systematically changed, this kind of trend in the line-width broadening of XRD spectrum was similar. The emission wavelength of the undoped-GaN layer on the PSS was red-shifted by 5.7 nm from that of the conventional LEDs (364.1 nm) under the same growth conditions. In addition, the intensity for the GaN layer on the PSS was three times larger than that of the planar case. The spatial variation in the emission wavelength of the undoped-GaN layer on the PSS was statistically ${\pm}0.5\;nm$ obtained from the photoluminescence mapping results throughout the whole wafer. These results will be discussed in terms of the mixed dislocation depending on the facets and the period of the patterns.

• 문화경제연구
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.89-117
• /
• 2017

산업 패러다임의 변화에 따라, 제조업이 쇠퇴하고 산업구조의 변화가 일어남과 함께, 지역에도 많은 변화가 일어나고 있는데, 이때, 문화유산의 한 측면으로서의 산업유산에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 종래 시설과 랜드마크로 산업유산을 기계적으로 바라보던 시각에서 벗어나, 지역이라는 범위 내에서 산업유산이라고 하는 '문화콘텐츠'가 어떠한 의미를 갖고 있는지를 살펴보려 하였다. 기존 선행연구 검토 및 정책, 사례 분석을 통해 산업유산 개념을 보다 명확히 정립하고 그에 따른 특성을 규명하고 활용방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 특히 시공간 맥락을 살펴보고, 주체들의 인식과 체험, 인문학적인 흔적으로서 산업유산을 바라보는 시각을 더하여, 활용방안을 최대한 살펴보려 하였다. 근대사를 중심으로 한 삿포로 사례와 옛 산업공간의 도시재생을 꾀하는 청주 사례를 통하여, 지역발전 가능성을 실제로 검토하였으며, 과거의 정체성과 현재의 다양성을 통해 미래의 활용성으로 연결될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다, 이와 함께, 영토화와 탈영토화, 재영토화 과정 등으로 지역 주기가 변화하는 가능성도 엿볼 수 있었다.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2021

본 논문에서는 단파장 영역인 1018 nm에서 최고 출력 626 W를 가진 고출력 이터븀(ytterbium, Yb) 첨가 광섬유 레이저에 대해 보고한다. Yb 광섬유 레이저에서 이득률이 낮은 단파장 영역인 1018 nm에서 레이저를 발진시키기 위한 조건을 이론적으로 조사해보고, 광섬유 끝 단단면 조건에 따른 되먹임 신호를 측정하여 안정적인 레이저 발진 조건에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 제작한 단일 공진기 구조의 Yb 광섬유 레이저 시스템으로부터 729 W의 펌프 출력에서 최고 출력 626 W의 1018 nm 파장 레이저 출력을 안정적으로 얻을 수 있었으며 그때 기울기 효율은 86.6%로 측정되었다. 본 연구에서 얻은 1018 nm 파장의 Yb 광섬유 레이저 결과는 지금까지 국내에서 보고된 1030 nm 이하 단파장에서 발진된 Yb 광섬유 레이저 출력 중 가장 높은 출력이며, 세계적으로도 상용 Yb 광섬유와 광부품을 사용한 결과 중 가장 높은 출력에 해당된다. 그리고 향후 더 높은 출력을 얻기 위한 방법에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.3-6
• /
• 2010

The British guideline for early management of persistent low back pain, published in 2009, indicated that physicians should offer exercise or medication, rather than radiological interventions or injections, as first choice of treatment in the patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, there had been great controversies regarding the effectiveness of interventional treatment of patients with CLBP. Both somatic (discogenic, instability, etc) and psychosocial factors contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Although it can be difficult in many occasions, thorough interview with the patients and specific diagnostic approaches can help us to identify which is the main etiology in individual patient. With the recent progress in medical radiology and development of new therapeutic modalities, some subgroups of patients of CLBP caused by somatic factors appear to be good candidates of interventional therapy. Interventional therapy can be considered in patients with CLBP caused by annulus rupture, facet joint degeneration, disc degeneration, and vertebral column instability. Among other subgroups of CLBP, carefully selected patients with disc degeneration show the most favorable result by interventional therapy. In this regard, discogenic pain, either as a form of CLBP or acute discogenic radiculopathy, seems to be a good indication of interventional therapy. Because many spine specialists generally consider those with radiculopathy are easier to be treated, patients with CLBP tend to be subjects of conventional conservative therapy. For these reasons, clinicians should make their best effort to identify every possible somatic cause in patients with CLBP before regarding them as hypochondriacs. In this review, some of the recent evidence on the role of interventional treatment in patients with CLBP will be discussed, and some of our cases who showed favorable results by interventional therapy will be presented.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.412-418
• /
• 2015

Objective : To investigate the effects of posterior implant rigidity on spinal kinematics at adjacent levels by utilizing a cadaveric spine model with simulated physiological loading. Methods : Five human lumbar spinal specimens (L3 to S1) were obtained and checked for abnormalities. The fresh specimens were stripped of muscle tissue, with care taken to preserve the spinal ligaments and facet joints. Pedicle screws were implanted in the L4 and L5 vertebrae of each specimen. Specimens were tested under 0 N and 400 N axial loading. Five different posterior rods of various elastic moduli (intact, rubber, low-density polyethylene, aluminum, and titanium) were tested. Segmental range of motion (ROM), center of rotation (COR) and intervertebral disc pressure were investigated. Results : As the rigidity of the posterior rods increased, both the segmental ROM and disc pressure at L4-5 decreased, while those values increased at adjacent levels. Implant stiffness saturation was evident, as the ROM and disc pressure were only marginally increased beyond an implant stiffness of aluminum. Since the disc pressures of adjacent levels were increased by the axial loading, it was shown that the rigidity of the implants influenced the load sharing between the implant and the spinal column. The segmental CORs at the adjacent disc levels translated anteriorly and inferiorly as rigidity of the device increased. Conclusion : These biomechanical findings indicate that the rigidity of the dynamic stabilization implant and physiological loading play significant roles on spinal kinematics at adjacent disc levels, and will aid in further device development.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2017

AMM(Additive Metal Manufacturing)이라 호칭되는 3차원 금속 프린팅(metal 3-D printing) 공정은 금속분말(metal powder)을 적층 재료로 사용하여 기계적부품용 실형상 금속 파트(metallic parts)를 직접 조형하여 제조한다. 한편, 조형 파트형상의 STL모델에 존재하는 기하학적 오류들과 특징형상들의 특이성으로 인하여 조형 작업 중에 내부에 결함들이 포함된 실형상 파트가 조형될 가능성이 존재하게 되며 이로 인해 3차원 금속 프린팅 조형공정 자체의 신뢰성에 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 조형작업 중 발생할 수 있는 결함들을 미리 진단, 분석하고 수정하기 위하여 첫째, 조형 전에 STL 형상모델의 진단분석을 통하여 결함요소를 사전에 탐지하고 둘째, 적층 단면내 조형 공구 경로상에 실제로 포함된 결함들을 분석하고 이를 수정하기 위한 조형 파트 진단 및 조형 공구 경로 검증 연구방법을 제시하였다. 또한 DED(direct energy deposition) 공정을 기준으로 2가지 STL 형상파트 사례들에 대하여 제시한 연구방법의 case study를 수행하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.863-869
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 다양한 정수처리공법과 시설을 분류하여 정수장의 시설물 정보분할코드체계를 구축하였으며, 이것은 정수장 시설의 생애주기 동안 소요되는 유지관리비용, 에너지 사용비용 산정 및 배출된 환경오염원의 규명과 환경영향평가의 정량적 분석 등을 위한 정보를 통합하기 위한 전산시스템의 코드체계로 활용하게 된다. 건설공사의 정보는 많은 이질정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 이를 통합해서 관리하기 위한 코드체계가 매우 중요하다. 또한 정수장 시설은 많은 프로세스를 포함한 시설물 설치공사가 주를 이루기 때문에 좀 더 세분화된 분활코드가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 시도되지 않은 정수장 관련 분류체계를 건설공사 분류체계인 파셋 분류체계 표현방식을 활용하여 구축하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제59권2호
• /
• pp.436-444
• /
• 2010

In this study, we introduce and discuss a concept of a granular-oriented radial basis function neural networks (GRBF NNs). In contrast to the typical architectures encountered in radial basis function neural networks(RBF NNs), our main objective is to develop a design strategy of GRBF NNs as follows : (a) The architecture of the network is fully reflective of the structure encountered in the training data which are granulated with the aid of clustering techniques. More specifically, the output space is granulated with use of K-Means clustering while the information granules in the multidimensional input space are formed by using a so-called context-based Fuzzy C-Means which takes into account the structure being already formed in the output space, (b) The innovative development facet of the network involves a dynamic reduction of dimensionality of the input space in which the information granules are formed in the subspace of the overall input space which is formed by selecting a suitable subset of input variables so that the this subspace retains the structure of the entire space. As this search is of combinatorial character, we use the technique of genetic optimization to determine the optimal input subspaces. A series of numeric studies exploiting some nonlinear process data and a dataset coming from the machine learning repository provide a detailed insight into the nature of the algorithm and its parameters as well as offer some comparative analysis.