• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 1994

To investigate the affecting factors to the fatigue and subjective symptoms of adult women, the author analyzed the data from 300 women from 3 groups, manufacture workes, clerical workers and service workers, from august 31, 1993 to the September 30, 1993. Followings are the results there from. 1. For the physical symptoms of fatigue, more than 50 % of respondens comiained were "eye strain" with 73.7 %, "malaise" with 67.0 % "went lay down side" with 60.7 %, "yawing" with 60.3 % and "feel sleep" eith 50.3 % in that order. There was no statistically significant difference between labor woker group, but the fatiger rate was highest among office group. For the mental symptoms. There was no symptom over 50 % of responders complained. For the neurotic symptoms, more than 50 % of respondents complained were "backache" with 53.7 %, "headache" with 49.7 % "shoulder pain" with 54.0 % and "unconfortable" with 43.3 %, in that order, "backache" was higest in manufacture group, but the other symptoms were highest among office group. 2. For the most fatigue weekday, most women answered monday with 56.0 % thursday with 16.3 % and friday with 12.0 % in that order, but saturday was 2.0 %, and sunday was 2.05 labor worker group answered monday was the most fatigue day. 3. 37.7 % of respondents answered afternoon was the most fatigue hours, but 22.0 % was answered evening difference among groups. 4. Nothing to do with the general characteristics, such as age, residence, sleep hours, personality, health status, and exercise, and working conditons such as means to attend office, time to attend office, job satisfaction, work hours, and work years, the mean scores of subjective symptoms of fatigue was highest among office group.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2018

Background Primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (POML) is the most common subtype of lymphoma involving the eyes in Thailand. We sought to assess the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with POML in Thailand. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patient data and included patients diagnosed with POML between January 2004 and December 2016 at Chiang Mai University Hospital and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand. We collected and analyzed patients' clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results Among 146 patients with lymphoma involving the eyes, 121 (82%) were diagnosed with POML. Sixty-four (52.9%) were women with median age 58 (range, 22-86) years. The most common presenting symptom was orbital mass (71.1%). Common sites of origin were the orbit (46.3%) and lacrimal gland (34.7%). At presentation, 22.3% of patients had bilateral eye involvement. About half of patients had stage I disease (N=59, 56.2%) and 20% had stage IV. Most patients (73.3%) had a low-risk International Prognostic Index. Radiotherapy was the main treatment for patients with limited-stage disease (66.7% in stage I and 56.5% in stage II). The overall response rate was 100% with complete response rates 80%, 77.3%, and 64.7% for stages I, II, and IV, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 66.1% and 94.0%, respectively. For patients with limited-stage disease, radiotherapy significantly improved PFS compared with treatment not involving radiotherapy (5-year PFS 89.9% vs. 37.3%, P=0.01). Conclusion We revealed that POML has good response to treatment, especially radiotherapy, with excellent long-term outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

In the manufacturing industries using HDI(hexamethylene diisocyanate) product hardeners, exposure to HDI is common to spray painters in terms of inhalation and dermal or ocular contact. Due to a lack of information for spray painters in automobile and furniture industries, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the prevalence of adverse health symptoms(33 spray painters and an unexposed group n = 91) to assess the importance of personal controls. Despite the small sample size, common health symptoms were reported, such as skin symptoms(dry cracked skin-61% and dermatitis/skin irritation-33%) and respiratory symptoms(phlegm-49%, asthma-21%). In addition, other adverse health symptoms were reported, such as skin rash(12%), cough(39%), shortness of breath with wheezing(30%), chest tightness and difficulty in breathing(30%). No significant eye symptoms were reported. It was founded that the adverse health symptoms reported in this study were related to poor personal work practices and inappropriate PPE use. Therefore, appropriate personal controls like PPE use, work practices, regular training and education are suggested to minimize the risk of health symptoms. In addition, medical examination will also be suggested for individual health effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

As the first step of a research on the establishment of control strategy for grapevine diseases and insects, the current status of pest control and yield losses by them were surveyed from grapevine growers of Korea. For insects, the most difficult to control was a grapevine stem borer and a grapevine clearwing moth was the next. On the other hand, several diseases including anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye rot, leaf blight, were answered by the growers. The occurrence of the pests varied to the cultural practices. Yield loss was more serious in rainfall intercept culture than in plastic film house culture and diseases caused more loss in yield than insects did. However, the grapevine grower's potential for the identification of the kinds of pests was not high enough. When the pest was observed, the growers consulted mainly with local pesticide dealers or neighbouring growers and usually applied the pesticides prescribed by the dealer. More than half of the growers did not use pest control calendar, and most of the growers applied pesticides before any symptom appeared. Also, more than half of the growers applied mixture of at least more than 1 kind of pesticide and nutrients. Insecticides were applied less than 5 times during the season, but it was more than 6 times for fungicides. In the pesticide selection, the growers checked control effect first, regardless of the registration, and the pest control cost per unit area varied very much depending on the growers.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.2 s.49
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

In order to evaluate the physical and mental health status of airline flight attendants, 136 airline flight attendants were given a general health questionnaire (Todai Health Index), and the prevalence of their subjective complaints was measured. Collected data were classified according to age distribution, length of employment, service area, smoking status, job satisfaction, gender, and marital status. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1 The scores of health complaints of physical items were higher in the oldest group $(age 50\~60)$ than in younger groups. The THI eye and skin symptom scores were significantly higher for the oldest groups than for the younger groups. 2. The health complaints scores of physical items were higher in the long-length employment group (more than 5 years), whereas most scores of mental items were higher in the short- length employment group (less than 2 years). The THI mouth and anus scores for the long-length employment group were significantly higher than for groups of workers who had been employed for a shorter time. 3. THI scores were higher for domestic airline crews, dissatisfied workers and females. 4. The irregular life THI score was significantly higher among domestic crews than international crews. 5. The impulsiveness and depression scores were significantly higher in the dissatisfaction group. 6. The female group showed higher scores in the multiple subjective symptoms, mental irritability, depression, and irregular life categories. 7, The THI scores of the mouth, anus and nervousness were significantly higher for the married group than for the unmarried group. In summary, this study shows that the health complaints scores of physical and mental symptoms tended to be higher among the aged group, domestic airline crews, the dissatisfaction group, and females. These results can be used for improving the psychosomatic health status and working environments of flight attendants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.476-486
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the dietary behaviors, perceived stress, and health-related factors along with their correlations in University students. The number of subjects was 150(64 males and 86 females), and the results of the study were as follows: Stress was felt by over 80% of the male and female students. The male students were more stressed than the females for economic value, gender difference, professor and drinking-related stress factors, and there was a significant difference between the genders. The female students had more clinical symptoms from stress than the male students in terms of dizziness, indigestion and constipation(p<0.01, p<0.001). The amount of food intake under stress was significantly different by gender. The female students preferred sweet tasting items, whereas the male students preferred hot tasting item when under stress. Also the intake of candy and chocolate when under stress in the male and female students was $2.00{\pm}0.74$ and $2.41{\pm}0.75$, respectively. The female students consumed candy and chocolate more than the male(p<0.01). Furthermore, 62.5% of the male students and 30.2% of the female students exercised to get rid of stress: the use of ball games as exercise in male and female students was $1.59{\pm}0.83$, $1.01{\pm}0.11$, respectively. Many students drank alcohol and smoked while under stress. In particular, the male students smoked more than normal as compared to the females, and there was a significant gender difference(p<0.001). The clinical symptoms positively correlated with the life stress level were degree of nervousness, sweaty, achy neck and shoulders, sore back, dizziness, eye fatigue, headache and indigestion. The amount of food intake under stress was positively correlated to the clinical symptom of headache. These results indicate the effects of life stress on dietary behaviors, food choice, and health status. Stress not only changed dietary behaviors, but was also related to health status. Therefore, education with regard to nutrition is necessary if college students are to practice food eating habits to correctly manage life stresses.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate correlation between convergence insufficiency and concentration by evaluating attentiveness in children who have convergence insufficiency symptoms. Methods: The CISS survey and examination for the near point of convergence were conducted to 74 in children aged 12 to 13 years in order to divide them into a normal binocular vision (NBV) and a convergence insufficiency (CI) group. The attentiveness examination was used to all subjects to figure out their emotional problems, hyperactivity and impulsiveness problems, and managerial or functional problems with a 5-point scale. Correlation between convergence insufficiency-related symptoms included in CISS and attentiveness problems was analyzed. Results: there were 29 children (39.2%) in the CI group, the mean scores of CISS of the NBV and CI group were $5.91{\pm}3.69$ and $18.31{\pm}7.00$ each (p<0.001). On the survey of CISS symptoms, children in the CI group frequently expressed such symptoms as eye fatigue, loss of attentiveness, blurry vision, and forgetting the line they have been reading. In the attentiveness examination, the CI group ($74.83{\pm}9.83$) gained higher scores in problematic concentration than the NBV group ($46.80{\pm}11.30$). Convergence insufficiency had significantly positive correlation with total attentiveness (r=0.798). Conclusions: In elementary school students, it has been found that when perceived symptoms related with convergence insufficiency are more serious, problematic attentiveness gets serious, too.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-82
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• 2001

In the Encyclopedia Medica Koreana(Dongeuibogam), I have researched 245 prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role. And I have got the following results. The healing scope and frequency of ginseng-mainly-included prescriptions are Child Part 29(11.83%), Violent Cough Part 23(9.38%), Sick-by-Cold Part 21(8.57%), Oncosis Part 16(6.53%), Overwork Part 14(5.71%), Gynecologic Part 14(5.71%), Internal Part 13(5.3%), Apoplexy Part 11(4.48%), Mind Part 10(4.08%) and Fecal Part 10(4.08%) prescriptions. And also each of Nausea Part, Anger Part, and Spirit parts has the same 5 (2.04%) prescriptions. And each of Qi Part, Diabetes Meatus Part, Malaria Part, and Humoral Part has 4(1.63%) prescriptions. And each of Foot Part, Choleraic Part, Genital Part, Blood Part, and Voice Part has 3 (1.2%). All of these prescriptions cover 88.88%. And besides listed parts above, Panax Ginseng is all used in 48 Parts: Body-Mind Part. Mouth-Tongue Part, Breast Part, Muscle Part, Swelling Part, Urine Part, Epidermis Part, Heat Part, Anus Part, Stomach Part, Eye Part, Laryngopharynx Part. Uterus Part" Heavy Stomach Part, Head Part, Pulse Part, Hair Part, Navel Part, Emetic Part, Costal Part, Edema Part, Vomiting Part, Superstitious Part, and Cardiac Part, etc. Of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, the most representative diseases, which more than 86.8% prescriptions cure, are shock, numbness from cold, Taeeum disease, oncosis, overwork, sick from eating, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, tachycardia, forgetfulness, nausea, heat from kidney, nocturnal emission, short breath, diabetes meatus, malaria, sweating, sweating overnight, beriberi, cholera, insomnia from enervation, sialitis, navel pain, hemorrhage, and loss of voice. The pathology of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role is divided into the organ problems, six natural factors, seven extreme feelings, unbalanced humoral status, overwork, and, unbalance of qi and blood. Spleen, heart, and uterus is the main cause of organ problems; wind and cold are the main cause of six natural factors; heavy humors are the main cause of unbalanced humoral status; the stasis of seven feelings are the main cause of seven extreme feelings; the lack of stamina and overwork are the main cause of the overwork; the lack of qi, the lack of blood, and, the lack of qi and blood are the main cause of the unbalance of qi and blood. After I have researched the contents of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, I could understand the addition of the different prescriptions, combination of medicines, and the role of medicine groups associated with Panax Ginseng. So from now on, the results I have got could be used as the data which show the theoretical basis on the prescriptions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1977

Despite the fact that it is not a fatal symptom. the lower back pain of human species is considered a health problem of modern society: 80% of world population experience it and the distress and dysfunction caused by interferes daily life as well as the general productivity. This study was performed to investigate the general tendency of lower back Pain on nurses: influence of nursing activities, working condition and the physical characteristics of nurses on the pain in order to provide data for prevention and treatment. 386 nurses working at 16 general hospitals throughout the country were sampled. Questionaries developed by the researcher was used for data gathering. Results are as follows : 1. Lower back pain was experienced by most(72.3%) of the nurses: the highest rate of -Pain experience was revealed to be the a9e group of 35-39 (80.8%) followed by 25-29 group (74.2%). 2. In almost all instances (91.4%), the first pain attack occurred before the age of 29, and in 73.1%. the attack occurred between the age of 15-24. 3. In 10.1%, the pain was almost persistent or occurred every other day frequency. In 9%, the pain was relieved by the administration of analgesics or "unable to move". 4. More than 6 days′sick leave due to the pain revealed to be in 2.2%. No significant difference was revealed between specialities of service. 5. Pain experience and the over or under weight revealed not to have significant relations. (X$^2$=0.55224, p〉0.7587) 6. The length of working hour of I. C. U. and O. R, revealed to be longer than that of nurses general ward, however. no significant difference on the rate of pain occurrence apparent. (X$^2$=0.4952, p〉0.8239) No significant difference on the rate of pain occurrence between nurses working over 46 hours/week and under 45 hours/week. (X$^2$=3.86241, p〉0.078318) 7. The most frequent Pain related movement revealed to be "lifting patient or heavy object" (24. 7%, N=68) followed by "the sameness of position, either standing or sitting"(16.8%) 8. Regular physical exercise revealed to have no significant influence on the rate of Pain occurrence. 9. Higher raft of pain experience was revealed in the group of nurses wearing eye glasses. Uncomfortable shoes revealed to have influenced the pain. 10. The most frequent pain relieving treatment revealed to be "rest" (54.2%, N= 151) followed by "analgesics" (12.6%, N=35) and "hot compress/fomentation"(10.5%, N=29). In 13.7% (N=38) no special care was given.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

Objectives: Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder(or PMDD) have impairments of the social, occupational or academic function due to psychological or somatic symptoms, which have the characteristic pattern of symptom exacerbation in the week before menses begin and remission shortly after the onset of menses. In the chronobiological view, many researchers have assumed that the etiology of PMDD is the advanced circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that light has a therapeutic effect on PMDD, because evening light results in phase delay of circadian rhythm through the biochemical changes including melatonin. Methods: The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of light therapy on four patients with prospectively diagnosed PMDD by DSM-IV criteria using clinical psychiatric interview, Premenstrual Assessment Form(PAF) and Daily Rating Form(or DRF). In the evening(6:30pm-8:00pm), the 2,500 lux light administered for seven consecutive days during the symptomatic late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Beck Depression Inventory(or BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(or HAM-D), Spielberg State Anxiety Inventory(or SA), and DRF were evaluated before and after seven days of light therapy. Results: Premenstrual symptoms of PMDD could be effectively treated with the evening bright light therapy, especially in PMDD patients with atypical symptoms. In addition, the light therapy seemed to more effective on the psychologic symptoms than the somatic symptoms of PMDD. There was no significant side-effect of light therapy, except the transient and mild eye-strain in one case. Conclusions: In spite of the results of limited data from our clinical trial, the authors suggest that the potential use of light therapy as an alternative to the pharmacological management of patients with PMDD.