• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2021

Humans are environmentally exposed to various electromagnetic fields, but the evaluation of the harmfulness of electromagnetic field and the development of a system therefor are still incomplete. We aimed to develop a system for evaluating biohazard against electromagnetic fields, and to determine biohazard through the system. An extremely-low frequency magnetic field generator was designed and manufactured, and the output reliability of the device was verified. Using this device, the effect on the formation of cellular stress-granules and the cell cycle progression of cells exposed to high magnetic fields of 6 mT and 60 Hz was confirmed. As a result, exposure to high magnetic fields of 6 hr, 12 hr and 36 hr did not affect the formation of cell stress-induced granules and the cell division cycle. These results are an important basis for the determination of biohazard to the extremely-low frequency high magnetic field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 1999

Acute effects of locally applied of static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF) to the cutaneous tissue within a rabbit ear chamber (REC)were evaluated under conscious conditions. Rabbits with the REC were subjected to intravital microscopical investigation by use of microphotoelectric plethysmography(MPPG). There was no dose-response relationship between the extent of vasomotion changes and frequencies(0,20,50, 100Hz)or power levels (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 mT). Under low vascular tone the both fields induce vasodilatation. The effects of SMF (1 mT) on the cutaneous microcirculatory system induced the vasodilatation with enhanced vasomotion under nor-adrenaline-induced high vascular tone as well as the vasoconstriction with reduced vasomotion under acetylcholine-induced low vascular tone. This suggests that the SMF can modulate vascular tone due to the modification of vasomotion biphasically in the cutaneous tissue.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a computational method of an action potential including the effect of extremely low frequency and mobile phone (external) electromagnetic fields is Proposed. The method is based on the Hodgkin and Huxley model, applies the effect of the electromagnetic fields on the action Potential in terms of a binding factor into the injection current of the model, and calculates the Strength-Duration curve from numerical experiments for a frequency range of electromagnetic fields. In the numerical experiments, the coupled ordinary differential equations of the action potential and the state variables are solved solf-consistently by using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The range of the frequency considered is from 1Hz through 100Hz and of 900MHz, which is specific for a mobile Phone. The Strength-Duration curves resulted showed good agreements with the equation suggested by Hodgkin and Huxley.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07b
• /
• pp.978-979
• /
• 2006

Recently, Peoples are exposed the ELF(Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic fields in the vicinity of underground transmission lines, and there are the generally accepted opinion that the magnetic fields affect the human body and there are possibility of the disease. Also in relation to this problem, technical solution methods and research are advanced for reducing the magnetic fields. In this paper, to practically understand the magnetic fields underground transmission lines, We analyze the electromagnetic field distribution in the underground transmission lines by means of FEM(Finite Element Methods) and present that improvement of the effective shielding methods by applying cable arrangements and shielding materials, eddy current problem to the underground transmission lines by means of the numerical analysis Tool.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2010

To evaluate the biohazard properties of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), we explored the physical properties of the ELF-EMF that generates the electric current induction in the secondary coil from the chamber of a primary solenoid coil. We subsequently explored the biological effects of a strong alternating electromagnetic field (EMF), ranging from 730-960 Gauss, on the mouse testis. Mice were exposed to an alternating EMF field induced by a rectangular electric current at 1, 7, 20, 40, and 80 Hertz, for 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. The mouse testes were examined for proliferative activity and apoptosis using the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) method and by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. We found that the electric currentm induction increased in the 6-8 Hertz range, and that exposure to an ELF-EMF induced the apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes. In situ TdT staining was found to be most prominent in 7 Hertz group, and gradually reduced in the 20, 40, and 80 Hertz groups. These data suggest that a strong EMF can induce reproductive cell death within a short time, and the harmful effects of the EMF are maximal at low frequency alternating EMFs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.113-113
• /
• 2003

A number of studies have demonstrated recently nonthermal interactions of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with cellular systems, such as the cells of the immune system. Particular concern came from epidemiological findings, which correlated environmental exposure of human body to weak electromagnetic fields with an elevated risk for developing certain type of leukemias and cancers. Several home/environmental sources generating extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, such as 50 - 60 Hz high-voltage transmission lines, video display terminals, electric blankets, clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging procedures, etc., may interact with the human body. In this study we examined the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the phagocytosis of the murine peritoneal macrophages (C57BL/6). The cells were exposed in vitro for 24 h at 37$^{\circ}C$ to 400 G SMF. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined with a luminometer. Exposure to the SMF decreased phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. In order to provide a more exact mechanism of the phenomenon, we analyzed peritoneal macrophages for alteration in their proteomes. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF. In total 5 proteins which were differentially expressed in the SMF compared with control group were identified. The expression levels of these 5 proteins were increased in the SMF.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.526-534
• /
• 2009

The magnetic field of the extremely low frequency that occurs in the substation facilities was surveyed to present ways to broaden understanding of the magnetic field characteristics. We have investigated the level of the magnetic fields in the substation areas and control rooms of 25 substations in the metropolitan area in accordance with the measurement method of IEC CISPR(IEC/TC106 PT 62110). We propose objective and reliable policy approaches such as the electromagnetic field certification system to more accurately understand the property of magnetic field.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.04b
• /
• pp.88-90
• /
• 2009

Extremely-Low-Frequency(ELF) magnetic fields are generated around power cables and bus bars in power systems. Such the stray fields may cause disturbances to nearby electronic apparatus and affect even human health. In order to seeking out a proper way to reducing the fields, the first thing to do is to accurately predict field distribution around analysis models of interest. Then, optimization techniques should be applied for finding a more improved design than the initial one. To achieve this goal, commercial electromagnetic software, MagNet, is combined with evolution strategy algorithm. For verification of the proposed method, three-phase power line cables and busbar systems have been tested.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.63 no.11
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2020

In today's world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz. A developing child's brain is vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation; thus, their caregivers' concerns about the health effects of EMFs are increasing. EMF exposure is divided into 2 categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3-3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. The biological effects of EMFs on humans include stimulation, thermal, and nonthermal, the latter of which is the least known. Among the various health issues related to EMFs, the most important issue is human carcinogenicity. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC's) evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, ELFs and RFs were evaluated as possible human carcinogens (Group 2B). However, the World Health Organization's (WHO's) view of EMFs remains undetermined. This article reviews the current knowledge of EMF exposure on humans, specifically children. EMF exposure sources, biological effects, current WHO and IARC opinions on carcinogenicity, and effects of EMF exposures on children will be discussed. As well-controlled EMF experiments in children are nearly impossible, scientific knowledge should be interpreted objectively. Precautionary approaches are recommended for children until the potential health effects of EMF are confirmed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.187-200
• /
• 1995

This paper reviews studies on potential health effects of electric and magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies(ELF). Recent studies focus on the epidemiological investigation of cancer, reproductive outcome and neurobehavioral effects due to residential and occupational exposure to ELF. Laboratory experiments are also carried out to find the possible mechanism of biological effects of ELF. Firm conclusion regarding whether ELF cause cancer are not yet conclusive but suggestive and other health effects of exposure to ELF have also been suggested but the evidence is even weaker than that related to cancer.