• Carbon letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Carbon/carbon composites are ideal candidates for a number of aerospace applications including structural materials for advanced vehicles, leading edges, structures of re-entry and hypersonic vehicles and propulsion systems. One serious defect for such application of the carbon/carbon composites is their poor oxidation resistance in high temperature oxidizing environments. SiC coating was employed to protect the composites from oxidation. It is mechanically and chemically stable under extreme thermal and oxidative environments, provides good adhesion to the substrate, and offers good thermal shock resistance. The SiC layer on the nozzle machined from the carbon/carbon composites was formed by pack-cementation method. Then, erosion characteristic of SiC coated carbon/carbon nozzle was examined by combustion test using a liquid rocket motor. The erosion rates were measured as function of combustion pressure, ratio of oxygen to fuel, combustion time, density of the composites and geometry of reinforced carbon fibre in the composites. The morphology change of the composites after combustion test was investigated using SEM and erosion mechanism also was discussed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2010

By using the 'failure' model approach, the effects of wind direction on the flight of sheathing panels from the roof of a model house in extreme winds was investigated. A complex relationship between the initial conditions, failure velocities, flight trajectories and speeds was observed. It was found that the local flow field above the roof and in the wake of the house have important effects on the flight of the panels. For example, when the initial panel location is oblique to the wind direction and in the region of separated flow near the roof edge, the panels do not fly from the roof since the resultant aerodynamic forces are small, even though the pressure coefficients at failure are high. For panels that do fly, wake effects from the building are a source of significant variation of flight trajectories and speeds. It was observed that the horizontal velocities of the panels span a range of about 20% - 95% of the roof height gust speed at failure. Numerical calculations assuming uniform, smooth flow appear to be useful for determining panel speeds; in particular, using the mean roof height, 3 sec gust speed provides a useful upper bound for determining panel speeds for the configuration examined. However, there are significant challenges for estimating trajectories using this method.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.6.1-6.1
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• 2011

Nanoscale block copolymer (BCP) patterns have been pursued for applications in sub-30 nm nanolithography. BCP self-assembly processing is scalable and low cost, and is well-suited for integration with existing semiconductor fabrication techniques. However, one of the major technical challenges for BCP self-assembly is limited tunability in pattern geometry, dimension, and functionality. We suggest methods for extending the degree of tunability by choosing highly incompatible polymer blocks and utilizing solvent vapor treatment techniques. Siloxane BCPs have been developed as self-assembling resists due to many advantages such as high etch-selectivity, good etch-resistance, long-range ordering, and reduced line-edge roughness. The large incompatibility leads to extensive degree of pattern tunability since the effective volume fraction can be easily manipulated by solvent-based treatment techniques. Thus, control of the microdomain size, periodicity, and morphology is possible by changing the vapor pressure and the mixing ratio of selective solvents. This allows a range of different pattern geometry such as dots, lines and holes and critical dimension simply by changing the processing conditions of a given block copolymer without changing a polymer chain length. We demonstrate highly extensive tunability (critical dimension ~6~30 nm) of self-assembled patterns prepared by a siloxane BCP with extreme incompatibility.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
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• pp.271-284
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• 1999

As a semiconductor material for electronic devices operated under extreme environmental conditions, silicon carbides (SiCs) have been intensively studied because of their excellent electrical, thermal and other physical properties. The growth characteristics of single-crystalline 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers grown by a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated. Especially, the successful growth condition of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers using a SiC-uncoated graphite susceptor that utilized Mo-plates was obtained. The CVD growth was performed in an RF-induction heated atmospheric pressure chamber and carried out using off-oriented substrates prepared by a modified Lely method. In order to investigate the crystallinity of grown epilayers, Nomarski optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence(PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other techniques were utilized. The best quality of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layers was observed in conditions of growth temperature 1500$^{\circ}C$ and C/Si flow ratio 2.0 of C3H3 0.2sccm & SiH4 0.3sccm. The growth rate of epilayers was about 1.0$\mu\textrm{m}$/h in the above growth condition.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

The process of flow through porous media is of interest a wide range of engineering fields and areas, and the importance of fluid flow with a change in phase arises from the fact that many industrial processes rely on these phenomena for materials process, energy transfer. Especially, the flow phenomena of cryogenic liquid subjected to evaporation is of interest to investigate how the cryogenic liquid behaves in the porous structure. In this study, thermo physical properties, morphological properties of the glass wool with different bulk densities in terms of its temperature-dependence and permeability behaviors under different applying pressure are discussed. Using the experimentally determined properties, characteristics of two main experimental results are investigated. In addition, simulation results are used to realize the cryogenic liquid's flow in porous media, and are compared with experimental results. By using the experimentally determined properties, more reasonable results can be suggested in dealing with porous media flow.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

추진기관 노즐은 고온 고압의 연소가스를 화학에너지에서 운동에너지로 변환시켜 추력을 발생시킨다. 따라서 노즐 내부 벽면은 고온 고압의 연소가스에 노출되며, 특히 노즐 목에서는 최대 열하중을 받는 구간으로서 열구조적으로 안정성을 확보한 냉각 시스템 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 본 추진기관의 노즐은 수냉 방식으로서 열전달 효율을 높이기 위해 냉각 채널 구조로 되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 추진기관 노즐을 위한 냉각 채널 구조의 설계형상에 대해 개념 설계 및 유동 해석을 수행하고 공급압력 및 유량 변화에 따른 입/출구 사이의 압력 강하량을 예측하였다. 또한 압력 손실 및 설계 유량 공급을 위한 압력 조건에 대해서도 평가하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.360-360
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• 2011

우리나라의 극치강수량 발생 특성은 6~8월 사이에 몬순시스템에 의해 영향을 많이 받는다. 이러한 동아시아 몬순시스템은 대규모 기상학적 거동으로서 우리나라의 국지적 강수발생 특성과 매우 큰 연관성을 가지고 있다. 우리나라의 극치강수량 발생 시에 나타나는 기상학적 특징을 진단하는 과정은 수문 기상학적으로 극치강수량을 예측할 수 있는 기본 토대를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 우리나라에 발생한 극치강수량을 순위별로 추출하고 각 순위별로 극치강수량 발생시점을 중심으로 5일 이전의 기상변량을 NOAA 재해석(reanalysis) 자료로부터 추출하고 이를 합성시켜 기상특성을 평가하였다. 극치강수량의 기상학적 거동을 평가하기 위한 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기상변량으로는 Sea Level Pressure, Wind Vector, Geopotential Height 등을 추출한다. 둘째, 이들 기상자료로부터 대규모 강우장만을 추출하기 위해서 기준값(threshold)을 가지고 특정량 이상의 Storm Track만을 추출한다. 셋째, 이들 Storm Track들을 분류하여 범주화 시킨다. 넷째, 범주화된 Storm Track 별로 강수량 분포, 강수지속시간 등에 대한 확률 분포를 유도한다. 또한 이들 Storm Track에 패턴인식 기법을 적용하여 Storm Track의 이동경로를 추정할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하고자 한다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.552-556
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• 2017

Evaluation of the durability and stability of materials used in power plants is of great importance because parts or components for turbines, heat exchangers and compressors are often exposed to extreme environments such as high temperature and pressure. In this work, high-temperature corrosion behavior of 316 L stainless steel in a carbon dioxide environment was studied to examine the applicability of a material for a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle as the next generation power plant system. The specimens were exposed in a high-purity carbon dioxide environment at temperatures ranging from 500 to $800^{\circ}C$ during 1000 hours. The features of the corroded products were examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the chemical compound was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that while the 316 L stainless steel had good corrosion resistance in the range of $500-700^{\circ}C$ in the carbon dioxide environment, the corrosion resistance at $800^{\circ}C$ was very poor due to chipping the corroded products off, which resulted in a considerable loss in weight.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2014

PFA fluoropolymer lined technology revolutionized ball valve development and design decades ago and continues to be pivotal for many products and valve solutions in diverse industries and applications, such as chemical process, semiconductor/LCD manufacturing processes, pharmaceutical and others. Because of the extreme operating conditions such as high-temperature (${\sim}120^{\circ}C$) and high-pressure (~10 bar), the reliability of the valve is very important for minimizing in-line leakage and fugitive emissions of strong corrosive chemicals (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, etc.) transported through the lines. In this study, we investigated the flow characteristics with flow coefficient in a PFA lined ball valve for different opening degrees using CFD analyses. The results should be the guidance for a new PFA lined ball valve design that will incorporate all the acclaimed and demonstrated benefits of the current design approaches.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1995

The effect of additive chemistry on the serface fatigue of gears was investigated using the FZG gear tester and fluids based on an API GL-5 grade oil. Surface fatigue lives were determined as a function of load and additive chemistry. At 1.52 GPa, the removal of the primary extreme pressure additive (EP) from the fully formulated gear oil decreased the fatigue life of gears slightly (4%), however, the removal of the primary antiwear additive (AW) decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (83%). At 1.86 GPa, the removal of the EP additive from the fully formulated gear oil decresed the gear fatigue life 27%, however, the removal of the primary AW additive decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (75%). Micropitting was the dominant surface morphology in the dedendum of gears tested With two oils at load stage: one using the complete additive package, and a second where the EP additive has been removed. However, spalling is the primary failure mode of gears tested without an AW additive independent of whether an EP agent was present. Surface analysis of pinion gears showed the formation of a mixed phosphate/phosphite-oxide layer on the surface of gears tested with fluids containing an AW. Formation of this layer seems to be key to long fatigue life.