• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2007

In this work, caffeine and some catechin compounds + C, EC, EGC, and EGCG were extracted from green tea by using molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) as sorbent materials in a solid-phase extraction (SPE) process known as MISPE (molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction). For synthesis of MIP, caffeine was employed as the template, MAA as the monomer, EGDMA as the crosslinker, and AIBN as the initiator. A solution of caffeine (0.2 mg/mL in methanol) was utilized in the solid extraction cartridges following loading, washing, and elution procedures with acetonitrile, methanol, and methanol-acetic acid (90/10, %v/v) as the solvents, respectively. This solid-phase extraction protocol was applied for the extraction of caffeine and some catechin compounds from green tea. A comparison was made between the results obtained with the MIP cartridges and a traditional C18 reversed-phase cartridge. It was thereupon found that the recovery of caffeine by the MIPbased sorbent used in this work was almost two and four times greater than that by a commercially available C18 material. A quantitative analysis was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm) with methanol/water (40/60, %v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

Silkworm (Bombyx mori ) feces have long been used in the pharmaceutical and food industries as a natural colorant. However, there is limited data on the bioactive compounds that constitute silkworm feces. This research emphasizes the antioxidant activity of different solvent and flavonoid extracts of silkworm feces. The solvents were ethanol, butanol, and water, while the methods utilized included ultrasonification, stirrer, reflux, and reflux after ultrasonification extraction. Results showed that butanol ultrasonification extraction (BUE) yield the lowest extraction (1.75%), while the other methods yielded 7 to 14%. The total polyphenol content utilizing BUE was 3.3 mg TAE/g, while water ultrasonification extraction (WUE) yielded the highest extraction rate with 51.6 mg TAE/g. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher using ethanol reflux extraction (EUE) at 266.8 mg QRE/g BUE, which was 158.3 and 151.3 mg QRE/g. Both DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like (superoxide dismutase) activity, showed significant antioxidant effects. Finally, all other extracts except for BUE had a-glucosidase inhibition at 60%. Therefore, an effective extraction method for physiologically active substances must be selected.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2019

Extraction treatment has been used for a long time to treat crowding or lip protrusion patients and still extraction decision is the most difficult and important decision during diagnosis and treatment planning. If the amount of crowidng is severe, premolar extraction is often considered. Because of their location, premolar extractions would seem to allow for the most straightforward relief of crowding and the improvement of soft tissue profile. But patients and their parents often prefer nonextraction approach if possible and such a preference gives us serious question about the boundary of nonextraction treatment. Because Orthodontic Mini-Implant (OMI) become popular these days, distalization of posterior teeth can be obtained easily without patient's compliance. For this reason, many orthodontists are trying to treat crowding patient with nonextraction than before. But sometime, unexpected side effects are observed including unesthetic profile, impaction of second molar and long treatment time. All the tools for space gaining - extraction, arch expansion, molar distalization and interproximal enamel reduction - have their limitations and indications. Possible side effects and limitations should be carefully considered during the treatment planning. Although Korean patients usually require extraction more often than US or European patients, more knowledge about the tools for space gaining would help us to decrease the rate of extraction and the problems during treatment of crowding patients.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.343-356
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• 2007

센서 네트워크, 위치 기반 서비스 등의 기술 발전에 따라, 최근의 이동객체 위치정보는 연속적이고 끊임없이 변경되는 스트림 데이타 형태를 가지게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 스트림 형태로 발생하는 이동객체의 위치정보를 제한된 메모리에 저장하고, 과거 위치를 추정하는 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여, 우선 제한된 메모리 양으로 지속적으로 추가되는 이동객체의 과거 위치 이력을 저장하기 위한 위치정보의 점진적 추출(incremental extraction) 개념을 제시한다. 점진적 추출이란 새로운 위치정보가 추가될 때마다, 시스템이 관리해야 할 과거 위치정보를 기존 위치정보와 새로운 위치정보를 바탕으로 점진적으로 추출하는 방법을 의미한다. 그런 다음, 이러한 점진적 추출 개념을 적용하여 스트림 환경에서 위치정보를 저장 및 추정하는 전체적인 프레임워크를 제시한다. 그리고, 제안한 프레임워크 하에서 추정위치를 계산하는 방법으로 다항식을 이용한 직선기반과 곡선기반 방법을 제시한다. 다음으로, 점진적 추출 개념을 사용하여 과거 위치를 추출하는 방법으로 균등 간격 추출, 기울기 기반 추출. 그리고 최근 시점강조 추출의 세 가지 방법을 제시한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 점진적 추출 방법은 적은 비율(0.1%)의 위치정보를 저장함에도 불구하고 과거 위치추정에 있어 비교적 높은 정확도(오차율 3% 이내)를 나타냈다. 특히, 곡선기반의 점진적 추출 방법은 전체 위치 데이타의 0.1% 만을 저장하면서도 오차율 1.5% 미만의 높은 정확도를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 제안한 방법은 스트림 환경에서 이동객체의 위치정보를 저장하고, 과거 위치를 추정하는 우수한 연구결과라 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2001

새로운 천연식용색소원으로서 꽃양배추(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)로부터 anthocyanin색소의 추출특성을 조사하였다. 추출된 색소는 $pH\;1{\sim}12$의 범위에서 pH가 높아질수록 ${\lambda}_{max}$가 장파장 쪽으로 이동하는 bathochromic shift 현상을 보였으며 추출용매의 citric acid의 농도가 증가수록 추출속도가 빨라지고 TOD가 증가하였다. 꽃양배추 색소의 추출용매에 $0.8{\sim}1.0%$ citric acid를 첨가하였을 때 최대 TOD값을 나타냈으며 추출용매인 증류수에 10-20% ethanol을 첨가하였을 때 색소의 추출효율이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 citric acid 0.8%를 함유한 10% ethanol 수용액이 꽃양배추 색소를 추출하기 위한 가장 적합한 용매로 결정하였다. 추출 온도가 높을수록 색소추출속도가 증가하였으나 고온에서 추출할 경우 추출시간이 길어지면 색소가 파괴되어 TOD값이 감소하였다. 추출온도 5, 20, 40 및 $60^{\circ}C$에서 TOD값이 2.1에 이르는 시간은 각각 24, 8, 4, 2시간으로 추출온도가 높을수록 추출속도가 증가하여 추출시간이 단축되었다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.963-970
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• 1994

In speech signal processing, it is very important to detect the pitch exactly. The algorithms for pitch extraction that have been proposed until now are not enough to detect the fine pitch in speech signal. Thus we propose the new algorithm which takes advantage of the G-peak extraction. It is the method to find MZCI(maximum zer-crossing interval) which is defined as cut-off bandwidth rate of LPF (low pass filter)and detect the pitch period of the voiced signals. This algorithm performs robustly with a gross error rate of 3.63% even in 0 dB SNR environment. The gross error rate for clean speech is only 0.18%. Also it is able to process all course with speed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

In urban area, since multipath and signal attenuations frequently occur due to street trees, street lights and buildings, it is difficult to obtain accurate navigation solution using GPS. As these problems also impact negatively on the INS/GPS coupled system, implementing advanced transportation systems such as autonomous navigation system and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) become quite hard. For this reason, to alleviate deterioration of navigation system performance in urban area, direction information extraction algorithm using vision system is proposed in this paper. 2D Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI) technique is applied to extract lane edges. The proposed technique is simulated using road images and feasibility of proposed technique is analyzed through the simulation results.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Purpose: To observe the histopathological changes following irradiation on the wound healing after tooth extraction in the rachitic rats. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this study, the rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (normal diet/non-irradiation group), Group 2 (normal diet/irradiation group), Group 3 (rachitogenic diet/non-irradiation group), and Group 4 (rachitogenic diet/irradiation group). Rachitic changes were induced with rachitogenic diet No. 2 (high calcium, low phosphorus, and Vitamin D deficient diet) for 5 weeks. After the extraction of both maxillary first molars of the rats in Group 2 and 4, the head and neck of the rats were irradiated with single absorbed dose of 10 Gy. The rats were sacrificed at the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day after tooth extraction. The specimens including the extraction wound were sectioned, stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome method and examined under the light microscope. Results: In the Group 2, the amount of newly formed bone trabeculae on the periphery of extraction socket and osteoblastic activity were reduced. In the Group 3, epithelial fusion was not revealed on the 5th day after toothe extraction and growth rate of osteoid formation was reduced. In the Group 4, necrotized tissue at the outer surface of extraction socket and destructive changes on the alveolar bones were noted on the 10th day. Epithelial fusion was not revealed and large amounts of osteoclast were noted on alveolar bone on the 15th day. Conclusion: The healing process of wound after tooth extraction was retarded by irradiation and especially in the rachitic rats.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

초임계추출(SFE)를 이용한 초피나무 과피 중 신미성분의 최적추출조건을 조사하였다. 최적 추출 압력은 $300kg/cm^2$ 이었으며 온도는 $60^{\circ}C$, 추출 부피는 $12\;m{\ell}$, flow rate는 3m/min 그리고 modifier로 사용한 methanol의 함량비율은 20%였다. 추출시간은 초반 20분 안에 대부분의 신미성분이 추출되었다. 또한 용매추출법과 비교한 결과 추출효능이 약 40%정도 향상되었고 시간은 20분으로 단축되었으며 유기용매 methanol은 12 ml밖에 소요되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 주요한 추출용매로 무독성 액화$CO_2$를 사용하기에 독성 유기용매의 다량 사용을 피할 수 있는 친환경적이고 경제적인 방법으로 생각되어 진다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of soxhlet extraction on dewaxing of the aged beeswax-treated paper was examined. To do this, soxhlet extraction of the aged beeswax-treated paper performed with different reflux conditions and then measured the dewaxing efficiency and change in the various properties such as tensile strength, folding endurance, color and brightness. Also, an artificial aging test was executed in order to investigate the effect of soxhlet extraction on the preservability of the dewaxed paper. As the result of FT-IR analysis, a peak area of CH and COOH group, which are main band of beeswax, was decreased or removed after soxhlet extraction. The decreasing rate of each peaks were increased depending on reflux time. After dewaxing, the physical property such as MIT type folding endurance and tensile strength was decreased. And $L^*$ value and brightness were increased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ value were decreased due to the remove of color compounds in beeswax. The more color deviation (${\Delta}E$) is expected with higher reflux times. As the result of artificial aging, preservability of two dewaxed papers except of DP_SE(C) sample was higher than that of untreated paper i.e. beeswax-treated paper.