• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.310-320
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• 1973

The sorption and fixation of cesium in dilute solutions by vermiculite saturated with Na or K were studied in order to investigate any possibibty of its use in radioactive effluent treatment. The cesium sorbed by vermiculite with the increase in pH is attributed to the increase of sorption surface as a result of the dispersion. The increased cesium sorption by Na-vermiculite is due to the different sorption rates by the different exchange sites : external surface and internal surface. It is shown that the larger amount of sorbed cesium was extracted by KCI rather than with any other extractants. It is suggested that the fixation of cesium by vermiculite occurs at the crystal edge where Cs may replace K. Domestic vermiculite is a valuable material for use in the cesium sorption and fixation, and might be useful as a good packing material outside the tank of highly radioactive liquid waste. And from these results one could suggest that the artificial alteration of the biotite to vermiculite might be occurring by treating with NaCl.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

In this study, white ginseng was used as the raw material, which was fermented with Paecilomyces hepiali through solid culture medium, to produce ginsenosides with modified chemical composition. The characteristic chemical markers of the products thus produced were investigated using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-QTOF-MS). Chemical profiling data were obtained, which were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis for the systematic comparison of active ingredients in white ginseng and fermented ginseng to understand the beneficial properties of ginsenoside metabolites. In addition, the effects of these components on biological activity were investigated to understand the improvements in the phagocytic function of macrophages in zebrafish. According to the established RRLC-QTOF-MS chemical profiling, the contents in ginsenosides of high molecular weight, especially malonylated protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, were slightly reduced due to the fermentation, which were hydrolyzed into rare and minor ginsenosides. Moreover, the facilitation of macrophage phagocytic function in zebrafish following treatment with different ginseng extracts confirmed that the fermented ginseng is superior to white ginseng. Our results prove that there is a profound change in chemical constituents of ginsenosides during the fermentation process, which has a significant effect on the biological activity of these compounds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2006

The importance of natural preservative has increased in recent years. The natural preservatives have been used in the field of foods, cosmetics and pharmacology. In the present work Artemisia sp., well recognized for their effect of antimicrobial activity, were extracted by methanol and water sequentially for selecting only water-soluble compounds that can be used as additives in food and cosmetics. Antimicrobial activities of water extracts from stem and leaf of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Two gram positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and three gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coil, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas putida) were used for antimicrobial activity studies. The water-soluble compounds from methanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than only water extract to these bacteria. Comparative evaluation of water-soluble metabolite profiles with caffeic acid that is known as an antimicrobial compound from Artemisia sp. was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2010

This paper reports on the experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the physical optimal conditions in the absorption column to remove odorous hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide gas, as a highly undesirable contaminant, is most widely emitted from environmental treatment facilities. The absorbent mixed with natural second metabolites extracted from conifer trees and chemical absorbent of 2-aminoethanol was applied to remove it via chemical neutralization. The absorbent of natural second metabolites was achieved by a removal efficiency of 20-40% by itself depending on the treatment conditions, but the complex absorbent mixed with 0.1% amine chemical provides the removal efficiency of 98%. The optimal removal efficiencies have been examined against the two major parameters of temperature and pH. This study shows that the aqueous solution by natural second metabolites can be used as an appropriate absorbent in the column absorbed for the removal of hydrogen sulfide gas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.653-656
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• 2009

This paper is intended as an investigation of the method of extraction and the analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy of decursin and decursinol angelate in the dried root of Angelica gigas Nakai. The extracted decursin and decursinol angelate were the purity of >95% using 60% ethanol at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours by HPLC analysis. Decursin and decursinol angelate were efficiently isolated using recycling HPLC. The purity of isolated decursin and decursinol angelate was identified as 99.97 and 99.40% by HPLC analysis, respectively. The molecular weights of Decursin and decursinol angelate were also identified as m/z=329 ($[M+H]^+$) and m/z=351 ($[M+Na]^+$) by mass spectroscopy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2014

The extraction of flavanones such as naringin, narirutin, naringenin, hesperidin, and hesperetin from grapefruit peels was performed using subcritical water extraction (SWE), hot water extraction, and conventional methods such as methanol and ethanol extraction. We analyzed the total flavanone content using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for each extracting method. Among the three methods, SWE was the optimal method with optimal operating conditions of $170^{\circ}C$ temperature and 10 min operating time. The maximum total flavanone extracted was $86.539{\pm}3.52mg/g$ grapefruit peels. Moreover, we treated the extracts with 60% ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and then analyzed the surface structure of the encapsulated compounds by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results indicated that the encapsulation in ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin improved solubilization, and the inclusion complex could serve as food supplements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.511-515
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• 2002

Paeoniae radix has been considered as one of the most important crude drugs used in traditional oriental medicine and has been employed as a circulatory tonic in care of weakness, night sweats, and lumbar pain, etc. Platelet activation plays an important role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Active compounds for the inhibition of platelet activation from Paeoniae radix were extracted and fractionated into five fractions. Its fraction two and three of ethyl acetate extract inhibited the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen. Two active compounds, bezoyloxypaeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were isolated from fraction two and three by silica gel column and high performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structures were determined by comparison of their proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin showed strong inhibition at the concentration of 100 ug/mL against collagen-induced washed rabbit platelets aggregation. It is suggested that Paeoniae radix has become food material to prevent a cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.513-519
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• 2004

A sensitive method for quantification of pinaverium bromide in human plasma was established using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS). Glimepiride was used as internal standard. Pinaverium bromide and internal standard in plasma sample were extracted using tert-butylmethylether(TBME). A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-5 mM ammonium formate (80/20, pH 3.0). The reconstituted samples were injected into a $C_{18}$ reversed-phase column. Using MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, pinaverium and glimepirde were detected without severe interference from human plasma matrix. Pinaverium produced a protonated precursor ion $([M+H]^+)$ at m/z 510.3 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 228.9. Internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion $([M+H]^+)$ at m/z 491.5 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 352.0. Detection of pinaverium bromide in human plasma was accurate and precise, with limit of quantitation at 0.5 ng/ml. The method has been successfully applied to bioavailability study of pinaverium bromide tablet in Korean healthy male volunteers. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max},\;T_{max},\;K_{el}\;and\;t_{1/2}$ were calculated.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

Biomass is well known for organic resources photosynthesized by carbon dioxide water in the air and thus it can be widely used in the form of energy and production for various kinds of materials. Through pyrolysis, biomass can be transformed into solid(biochar), liquid(bio-oil), and combustible gas on the different condition of temperature and heating rate. That's why biomass can be practically used to preprocess and produce a variety of elements. This work is to analyze the characteristics of slow pyrolysis of three different kinds of biomass extracted from Indonesia. They showed similar moisture content and combinations of combustible matters and had quite a large discrepancy in the ash among them like 2.1 & of Bagasse, 91% of PKS, and 20.9% of Paddy Straw, respectively. yield of biochar, solid form of the biomass, steadily decreased when the temperature went up and that of bio-oil the highest at the temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. At the same temperature range, PKS bio-oil showed 51.4 % of yield and Bagasse had 55.1% while it turned out that Paddy straw showed the lowest yield of 37.2%. The apparent density was also measured to figure out the density of each product from the pyrolysis experiments at the temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. The result was like these; the density of biochar was 0.17, the lowest, and that of Tree stem was 1.3 when mixed by an equal amount of biochar and bio-oil.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Fractional precipitation is a simple method for purifying (+)-dihydromyricetin extracted from biomass. However, the fractional precipitation process has been inherently problematic due to the lengthy precipitation time that is required. The fractional precipitation time was shortened and (+)-dihydromyricetin yield was improved by increasing the surface area per working volume (S/V) of the reacting solution through the addition of a cation exchange resin (Amberlite 200, Amberlite IR 120Na, Amberlite IR 120H, or Amberlite IRC 50). Most of the (+)-dihydromyricetin (>90%) could be obtained after about 16 h of fractional precipitation using Amberlite 200. Since high-purity (+)-dihydromyricetin can be obtained at a high yield and the precipitation time can be reduced by increasing the surface area available for precipitation, this improved method is expected to minimize solvent usage and the size and complexity of the high performance liquid chromatography operation required for (+)-dihydromyricetin purification.