• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.867-876
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• 2012

The concentration of veterinary antibiotics in aqueous and sediment matrices was measured in agricultural irrigation ditches bordering several animal-feeding operations (AFOs) and then compared to its concentration in the watershed. Analytical determination in aqueous samples was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and appropriate buffer solutions were used to extract residuals in sediment samples. Separation and detection of extracted veterinary antibiotics were performed with high performance liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). In general, higher concentrations of antibiotic were observed in the aqueous phase of irrigation ditches, with the highest concentration of erythromycin hydrochloride (ETM-$H_2O$) of $0.53{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, than in aqueous watershed samples. In contrast, higher concentrations were measured in river sediment than in irrigation ditch sediment with the highest concentration of oxytetracycline of $110.9{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$. There was a high calculated correlation ( > 0.95) between precipitation and measured concentration in aqueous samples from the irrigation ditches for five of the ten targeted veterinary antibiotics, indicating that surface runoff could be an important transport mechanism of veterinary antibiotics from field to environment. Further, environmental loading calculation based on measured concentrations in aqueous samples and flow information clearly showed that irrigation ditches were 18 times greater than river. This result suggests the likelihood that veterinary antibiotics can be transported via irrigation ditches to the watershed. The transport via surface runoff and likely environmental loading via irrigation ditches examined in this study helps identify the pathway of veterinary antibiotics residuals in the environment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2005

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was validated for quantitation of nadolol in human plasma. Nadolol and internal standard, pindolol, were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether after addition of 10 M sodium hydroxide solution. The analytes were separated on a reverse phased C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium phosphate monobasic buffer, acetonitrile and methanol (81: 17:2 v/v/v) and detected using a fluorescence detector (excitation wavelength 230 nm, emission wavelength 294 nm). The method was specific and sensitive enough to detect as low as 3 ng/mL of nadolol in human plasma. Linear calibration range was 3-150 ng/mL with correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The overall accuracy was in the range of 96.8 to 103% and precision C.V.(%) 7.30 to 12.2%. The recovery was approximately 100% and stability was confirmed during storage and sample preparation. The present HPLC method was successfully applied to study bioavailability after oral administration of 80 mg of nadolol in healthy Korean subjects. The mean $AUC_{t}$ was $1968{\pm}397\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$ and $C_{max}$ of $186{\pm}79.3\;ng/mL$ was reached at $3.5{\pm}0.76\;hr$. The mean $t_{1/2}$ of nadolol was $17.3{\pm}2.59\;hr$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1993

탈지된 산사(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) 및 가자(Terminalia chebula Retz)로부터 유리형, 용성 에스테르형 및 불용성 페놀성분을 추출하여 대두유 기질에서 이들의 항산화 효과를 BHA 및 BHT와 비교하고, HPLC에 의해 항산화성 물질의 패턴을 확인하였다. 과산화물가와 TBA가에 의해 측정된 항산화 효과 비교실험은 $45^{\circ}C$에서 25일간 실시되었는데, 산사와 가자 추출물은 BHA 및 BHT보다 아주 우수한 항산화성을 보였으며, 특히 가자는 산사보다 다소 높은 항산화력을 보였다. 추출 성분들 중에서는 산사는 유리형, 가자는 용성 에스테르형에서 높은 항산화 효과가 나타났다. 추출물에 대한 크로마토래피에서 산사의 유리형 페놀산은 3개의 성분으로, 용성 에스테르형 및 불용성 페놀산은 각각 2개의 성분으로 나타났으며, 가자의 경우에는 모든 추출물들이 각각 3개의 성분으로 분리되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2015

We studied oocyte steroidogenesis in the blackfin flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri as a region-specific species, in the East Sea of Korea during the spawning season. Maturing oocytes (0.76, 0.82, 0.88, and 0.91 mm in oocyte diameter) were incubated in vitro in the presence of [$^3H$] $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($[^3H]17{\alpha}$-OHP) as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from the incubated medium and oocytes, and the extracts were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major metabolites produced from $[^3H]17{\alpha}$-OHP were androgens [androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T)] and estrogens [$17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1)] and progestins [$17{\alpha},20{\alpha}$-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\alpha}P$) and $17{\alpha}20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$)] in maturing oocytes. The metabolic rate of $17{\alpha}20{\beta}$ was elevated (29.04%) in oocytes measuring 0.88 mm (nucleus migration stage following the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown), but was very low in oocytes measuring 0.76, 0.82, and 0.91 mm (0.42, 0.67, and 2.62%, respectively). From these results, we suggest that $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ acts as a maturation-inducing steroid in the blackfin flounder.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2015

This study examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds extracted from two starfish, Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, using solvent extraction after $Protamex^{TM}$ hydrolysis. Methanol and acetone fractions collected by stepwise extraction from specimens were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) (200 mesh and 400 mesh), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two fractions (7:3 and 5:5 chloroform : methanol ratio, v/v) eluted using silica gel column chromatography from the two starfishes showed higher antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and dermatophyte fungi (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum), antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$, mg/mL), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions. The final fractions obtained from Asterina pectinifera (RT 7.53, 8.93, and 10.48 min) and Asterias amurensis (RT 5.02 min) by SGCC (400 mesh) and HPLC from two SGCC fractions (200 mesh) showed 8.94 and 15.59 mg/mL antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$) and 46.89 and 40.19 % tyrosinase inhibitory activity, respectively. Extracts from starfishes are potential cosmetic basic material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to explore the impact of diet on the ruminal microbial community in goats. Methods: Twelve goats were divided into two groups and fed complete feed (CF) or all forage (AF) diet. The total microbial DNAs in the rumen liquid were extracted. The V4 region of microbial 16S rRNA genes was amplified and sequenced using high-throughput. Information of sequences was mainly analyzed by QIIME 1.8.0. Results: The results showed that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most predominant microbial phyla in the rumen of all goats. At genus level, the abundance of fiber-digesting bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis was significantly higher in AF than that in CF, while the levels of fat-degrading bacterium Anaerovibrio and protein-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas were opposite. The core shared genera, Prevotella and Butyrivibrio were widespread in the rumen of goats and no significant difference was observed in relative abundance between groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the richness of fiber-, protein-, and fat-digesting bacteria was affected by diet and tended to increase with the rise of their corresponding substrate contents in the ration; some bacteria shared by all goats maintained stable despite the difference in the ration, and they might be essential in maintaining the normal function of rumen.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.293-296
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• 1995

무화과잎의 메탄올추출물을 용매분획하여 얻은 분획중 산성 분획과 페놀성 분획이 항미생물 활성이 강한 것으로 나타났고 페놀성 분획이 산성 분획보다 항미생물 활성이 더 강하여 페놀성 분획중의 항미생물 활성물질을 동정하기 위하여 먼저 silica gel column chromatography, RP-8 column chromatography 및 preparative liquid chromatography를 행하여 정제하였고 정제된 항미생물 활성물질을 IR, $^{1}H-NMR$ 및 MS에 의한 기기분석을 통하여 동정한 결과 각각 psoralen, bergapten, umbelliferone 및 ${\beta}$-sitosterol로 구명되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1986

간염 보균자의 혈액으로부터 Dane 입자를 분리하였다. Dane 입자의 핵으로부터 분리해낸 DNA는 $\alpha$-($^{32}$P) dNTP 존재하의 DNA 폴리머레이즈 반응 후 액체 씬틸레이션 카운터와 한천 전기영동 및 가이거 뮐러 카운터에 의하여 간염의 DNA임이 확인되었다. 간염 바이러스에 의한 감염을 막기 위한 백신으로서의 B형 간염 바이러스 표면항원을 생산하기 위하여 산성포스파테이즈 프로모터를 갖는 재조합 프라스미드를 함유하는 효모균주를 사용하였다. 재조합 프라스미드는 pHBV 130 및 pAM 82로부터 제작되었으며 대장균에 변환되어진 후 효모균주에 전달되었다. 간염 표면항원은 조절된 무기 인산 농도하에서 버크홀더 최소배지에서의 저해 해제로 생산되었다. 간염 표면항원의 생산 속도도 조사하였다. 전체 간염 표면항원 활성은 인산이 없는 배지에 옮겨진 뒤 3시간 내지 6시간에서 급격히 증가하였으며 9시간째에 최대에 도달하였다. 인산이 없는 배지에 옮기는 것은 고농도 인산 배지에서의 세포 배양을 6시간동안 수행한 뒤에 하는 것이 최적의 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2017

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), an herbal medicine found in East Asia, was extracted and further fractionated to investigate its antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects. The RVS ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction had the highest level of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity among all solvent fractions tested. Pretreatment of PC-12 cells with the EtOAc fraction effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity, resulting in inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis. We identified and quantified fustin, sulfuretin, and butein in the EtOAc fraction using accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The intracellular antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly increased in PC-12 cells treated with the EtOAc fraction and with individual flavonoids. When cells were pretreated with the EtOAc fraction or individual flavonoids and then co-incubated with diethyldithiocarbamic acid (an inhibitor of SOD activity), cell viability against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was attenuated. These results suggest that the RVS EtOAc fraction and its flavonoid constituents protect PC-12 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

We isolated and identified culturable Arctic bacteria that had inhabited soils around the Korean Arctic Research Station Dasan located at Ny-Alsund, Svalbard, Norway $(79^{\circ}N,\;12^{\circ}E)$. The collected soils were diluted in distilled water; the diluted soil-water was spread on 3M petri-films at Dasan Station. The petri-films were transported to the laboratory at KORDI, and cultured at $4^{\circ}C$. Colonies grown on the petri-films were subsequently cultured on nutrient agar plates at $4^{\circ}C$ every 7 days. The pure colonies were inoculated into nutrient liquid media, genomic DNA was extracted, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of 165 rDNA sequences. A total of 227 strains of bacteria were isolated. Among them, 16S rDNA sequences of 185 strains were identical with those of known strains isolated in this study, and 42 strains were finally identified. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA indicated that the 30 strains belonged to Pseudomonas, 7 strains to Arthrobacter, two strains to Flavobacterium, and the remaining to Achromobacter, Pedobacter, and Psychrobacter. Among the 42 strains, 14 bacteria produced protease: they were 6 strains of Pseudomonax, 4 strains of Arthrobater, an Achromobacter strain, 2 strains of Flavobacterium, and a Pedohacter strain. We expect these Arctic bacteria can be used for screening to develop new industrial enzymes that are active at low temperatures.