• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the freeze-dried stems and fruit of the cactus Cheonnyuncho. The analysis showed that powdered stems have the highest fat content (1.91%) and the powdered fruits have he highest protein content (2.62%). The K content of the fruits higher than that of the stems, while the Ca, Mg, Na and P contents of the stems were higher than those of the fruits. Both the stems and fruits powders contained high levels of the amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The free sugars such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose were detected in both the stems and fruits. The 75% ethanol (EtOH) extract showed a relatively high antioxidative activity compared to those of the water and 75% methanol (MeOH) extracts. Furthermore, the 75% EtOH extract of the stem powder exhibited a total polyphenol content of 3.60 g/100 g, and a total flavonoid content of 2.00 g/100 g. The antioxidant activities of the stem and fruit powder extracts, measured in DPPH radical scavenging experiments, were higher than that of the control group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.509-516
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• 1998

Thermoluminescence measurements were applied to the detection of seasoned-powered foods such as shellfish extract powder, seasoned marine products, Ramen soup powder and sardine extract powder whether they are irradiated or not. Correlation coefficients $(R^2)$ between irradiation doses and corresponding TL responses were more than 0.5966 in all samples and 0.9500 in Ramen soup powder. TL threshold value was pre-established for the detection of unknown Ramen soup powders by verifying TL responses with a re-irradiation step. Threshold values were maximum 1.37 for the nonirradiated samples and minimum 6.06 for the 2.5 kGy-irradiated samples. The samples showing values between 1.37 and 6.06 were subjected to a re-irradiation step for their detection, which results were reconfirmed by enumerating the total bacterial load of the detected samples. Pre-established threshold values were successfully applicable to the detection of 167 coded unknown samples, both nonirradiated and irradiated with gamma or electron-beam energy. In the assessment of irradiated doses, three calibration curves were pre-established by plotting TL intensity versus applied doses, of which a quadratic equation was obtained for the potential estimation of irradiated doses with some variations from the real doses.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify novel extracts of brawn algae with the high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity. To achieves this, an composition, deodorant performance and free radical scavenging activity were analyzed in powder and water extracts of Ecklonia cava(PEC/EEC), Saccharina japonica(PSJ/ESJ), Eisenia bicyclis(PEB/EEB), Sargassum spp.(PSS/ESS) and Hizikia fusiformis(PHF/EHF) using several analytical methods. Major component of five powders was verified as PEC, phlorotannin; PSJ, alginic acid and glutamic acid; PEB, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phlorotannin, tocopherol and fucoxantin; PSS, ${\beta}$-carotene and polyphenol; PHF, tannin. The highest level of DPPH scavenging activity was detected in EEC($IC_{50}=23.018{\mu}g/ml$), followed by EEB, ESJ, EHF and ESS. The deodorizing performance to ammonia was maintained high level in PEC, PSJ, PEB and PSS, while PHF showed low level in the same condition. But, the deodorizing performance to acetic acid was slightly higher in PSJ and PEC than those of PEB, PSS and PHF. Based on the results of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing capacity, we selected fractions of S. japonica as leading extracts and further prepared the 70% acetone extract (AESJ) and 70% ethanol extract (EESJ) from PSJ. The contents of total flavonoid, total phenol and total condensed tannin was significantly increased with 112-209% in AESJ and EESJ compared to those of ESJ. Also, a similar enhancement was observed on the level of DPPH scavenging activity and deodorizing performance against ammonia/acetic acid in AESJ and EESJ. Therefore, these results suggest that AESJ and EESJ contained with high total phenol and total condensed tannin contents may exhibit high deodorant capacity and antioxidant activity as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for antibacterial deodorant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1984

This study was designed to compare the quality characteristics of freeze and spray dried red ginseng extract powders(RGEPs) by drying methods, which have been required to maintain the stability for the quality. Chemical compositions, major ginsenoside contents and color intensities of these Products were compared by drying conditions. The moisture absorption rates and optical densities also were compared during storage under maltreatment conditions of a various relative humidities (75, 86and 92 RH) and two different temperatures (37 and $50^{\circ}C$). It was found that decreases of total major ginsenosides contents in freeze and spray dried RGEPs were 5.4 % to 6.7 % during storage for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 75 % RH. When these products packaged with inner seal of Al-foil laminate paper (Al-foil; 9 ${\mu}m$) were stored for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 75 % RH. the moisture absorption rates of freeze and spray dried RGEPs were ranged 42 % to 82 %, 8 % to 16 %, respectively. In storage for 6 months at $37^{\circ}C$, 86 % RH, spray dried RGEP was higher in brown pigment($400{\sim}490nm$) than freeze dried RGEP while freeze dried was higher in pyrazine (278 nm), HMF and furfural (285 nm) than spray dried RGEP. It was found that RGEPs showed a strong anti-oxidative activity by electron donating ability to DPPPH, but there was no significant difference between freeze and spray dried RGEPs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 1984

To compare the keeping quality of freeze and spray dried red ginseng extract powders(RGEPs) and commercial dehydrated tea products, particle sizes and initial moisture contents of these products were measured, and the relationships between crude fat contents and moisture contents and/or densities were studied. Particle sires of RGEPs and commercial dehydrated tea products were below 100 mesh, and particle sizes of freeze dried products were higher than those of spray dried products. Initial moisture contents of freeze and spray dried RGEPz were 3.587 and 4.56f, and those of frecze and spray dried coffees were 2.17% and 3.52%, respectively. Crude fat contents of tang and ssanghwa tea were 4.12% and 0.62%, and densities of tang and ssanghwa tea were 0.89 g/ml and 0.59 g/ml, respectively. Absorption rates o( tang and ssanghwa tea were the lowest among these products, it was considered because of crude fat contents of tang and ssanghwa tea were higher than these of the other products, and densities of tang and ssanghwa tea were higher than these of the other products. Notwithstanding absorption rates of RGEPs were lower than those of coffees, to maintain lower keeping quality of RGEPs than that of coffees, it was considered that HGEPs are not only lower to coffees in crude fat contents but also in densities. A sinificant relationships were found between keeping Quality and crude fat content and/or density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2003

Functional healthy drinks were processed with freeze dried powders of ethanol extract from of defatted safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed cake and some useful components of the drinks were investigated. Yield of freeze dried powder was the highest as 8.42% when it extracted with 60% ethanol (60% EFDP). Each drink contained 0.02% of freeze dried powder and ranged 10.6∼13.8% of soluble solid, 2.90∼3.68 of pH, 0.10∼0.83% of titratable acidity. ‘L’ value of drink-I (DSD-I) was the highest as 94.82$\pm$2.45, ‘b’ and ‘a’ value of drink-V (DSD-V) was highest as 27.15-2.65 and 28.67$\pm$2.69, respectively. Major free sugars of drink were 6015.3∼7918.2 mg% of glucose and 1511.4∼2091.0 mg% of sucrose. The content of citric acid was the highest as 179.2∼981.3 mg%. The content of total phenol in 60% EFDP was 99.17 mg% and that of drink-II(DSD-II) and DSD-V was 307.84 mg% and 224.06 mg%, respectively. Total flavonoid was contained as 50.29 mg% in 80% ethanol extract (80% EFDP) and 125.20 mg% in DSD-V. N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] ferulamide (serotonin-I) was determined as high as 18.81 ppm in 80% EFDP and ranged 2.42∼2.89 ppm in drinks. N-[2-(5-hydroxy-lH-indol-3yl)ethyl]-p-coumaramide (serotonin-II) was determined as 30.17 ppm in 80% EFDP and ranged 3.79∼4.59 ppm in drinks. Acacetin, flavonoid compound were 9.83 ppm in amyloglucosidase hydrosis + 60% ethanol extract (A + 60% EFDP) and ranged 0.98∼1.26 ppm in drinks. Electron donating ability (EDA, %) was measured and compared with 100 ppm BHA as chemical antioxidant. EDA was 93.97$\pm$2.21% in A+60% EFDP, 94.79$\pm$2.26% in DSD-I, 94.69$\pm$1.37% in DSD-II, and 93.83$\pm$1.49% in BHA. DSD-II added with hot water extract solution from Korean ginseng and safflower yellow pigment recorded the highest sensory score.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1982

Carpophores of ten Korean strains of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer, an antitumor polysaccharide producing fungus, were extracted with 0.1N NaOH solution. The extracts were dialized for seven days in distilled water and lyophilized to produce crude polysaccharide powders. Thus obtained crude polysaccharide samples were assayed for sugar contents by colorimetric method with anthrone reagent. Among ten strains examined Lentinus edododes-DMC7 was found to be the richest strain in polysaccharide content of carpophores. By shake culture experiment for biomass production, L. edodes-DMC7 was found to be the second most productive strain among seven strains examined. Cultural characteristics of L. edodes-DMC7 were investigated by shake culture method. The best result was obtained when L. edodes-DMC7 was cultured in the medium containing glucose 8g, starch 80g, yeast extract 12g, $KH_2PO_4\;0.87g,\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;O.5g,\;CaCl_2\;0.3g,\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;10mg\;ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;4mg,\;CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O\;lmg,\;MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O\;7mg\;per\;11\;at\;28^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm, for 12 days. Thus thirty-three grams of dry mycelia was obtained per one liter of medium.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2007

The chemical components of flesh persimmon flowers (petal and calyx), and the qualify of hot-water extracts (teas) prepared from powders of these flower parts, were investigated In flesh petal and calyx, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and carbohydrate were 84.8% 0.4% 0.3% and 13.7% respectively. The values were not significantly different when the two tissues were compared. In petal and calyx respectively, the crude ash values were 0.5% and 1.1% of flesh weights, the vitamin C content were 192.3mg% and 392.7ng%, the flavonoid levels were 98.4 mg% and 355.2mg% and the carotenoid content were 0.8mg% and 3.8mg%. Hot air and freeze drying methods applied to petals, prior to powder preparation, did not affect the levels of soluble solids or soluble annins. Extract from calyx had higher L values, higher ${-\alpha}$ values, more soluble tannins, greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazylradical-scavenging activities, me lower pH values, than did exracts from petal. Fructose and glucose were higher in petal extract than in calyx extract, but sucrose was higher in calyx extracts. Extract of freeze-dried powdered petals had significantly higher free sugar levels than did exracts from petals dried with hot air. The major organic acids in extracts were citric acid, oxalic acid, and malic acid. The levels of organic acids were inversely related to free sugar levels in all flower parts and after all drying methods tested. Sensory tests of aroma, taste and overall acceptability yielded scores above medium for all teas, regardless of the flower part powdered, or the drying method used. The results show that the petal and calyx of persimmon may be used to make tea and perhaps other foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.1071-1080
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• 2017

This study examined the adhesiveness of beneficial intestinal bacteria to whole-grains using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM), to demonstrate the prebiotic effects of whole-grains, and to develop prebiotic puffed snacks with these whole-grains. CLSM has been used to observe the adhesiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus, which belongs to beneficial intestinal bacteria, to whole-grain powders using optical sectioning techniques. The enhanced effects on the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria with the hot water grain extract were verified using an indirect count method. Finally, a puffed snack was produced with the prebiotic effect and the quality was evaluated by checking the chromaticity and degree of hardness. As a result, L. acidophilus exhibited adhesive ability to whole-grain powders and growth of selected beneficial intestinal bacteria were improved significantly. The Hunter L value of the developed puffed snack increased when seasoning was added. The hardness of the puffed snack with seasoning was higher than that of the control. The results of a sensory evaluation showed that the puffed snack with seasoning was highly rated in the overall preference compared to the control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Safflower Yangengs were prepared with composite dried powder of small red bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.) containing various ratios of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder sifted through 20, 35, 45 and 60 mesh size and kinds of mixed water, their cooking characteristics were evaluated. Water content and water activity of cooked products were increased as the content and sieve mesh number of safflower seed powder increasing from 5%, 20 mesh to 20%, 60mesh, respectively. Color values of yangeng were increased in green tea extract mixed water. Rheological properties of yangengs were measured by compression test with texture analyzer, as results, hardness and fracturability increased that were shown in high content and high mesh number sifted safflower seed powder, but adhesiveness and springiness decreased, respectively. From the sensory evaluation test for yangeng, sensory scores were good scores in more mesh number sifted powder addition, especially overall acceptance, texture and fracturability. The 45mesh and 15% powder added yangeng was noted as having high sensory scores and preferable acceptability in sensory evaluation.